Ｕｎｉｔｓ１６－１７相似词语辨、练、析

杨开成

1. entrance, entry

两词都有“入口；进入”之意。entrance不具体指门或大门，而笼统地指入口处。可和of连用，表示“入口”属于该物的组成部分；也可和to连用，表示通往“某处”的途径。使用时，应依句意的着眼点进行选择。该词强调“进入”的行为，如入门、入场、参战等。entrance还指某人的到来、或容许某人入内。entry可具体指入口，包括门、大门、门厅、门廊等。entry指进入组织或指进入的权力，其后多接介词into；也有准许入内的意思，但语气更为庄重。

a. We cant go along that road because the sign says “No ____”.

b. This did a good deal of damage to the ____ of the building.

c. The ____ to the hall is on your right.

d. The thieves had forced an ____ into the building.

答案：a. Entry b. entrance c. entrance d. entry

2. be known as, be known for, be known to, be known by

be known as意为“作为……知名，被称作是，大家公认为，叫作”，后接身份名词；be known for意为“因……而出名，因……而众所周知”，for表示原因；be known to意为“为……所知，……所熟知”，介词后的名词或代词表示为“谁”所知；be known by意为“凭……而知”，by表示手段或标准，作“通过，按照”解。

a. One can ____ his words and deeds.

b. He ____ the police as a thief.

c. Before liberation, this village ____ its extreme poverty.

d. He ____ a fair judge.

答案：a. be known by b. is known to c. was known for d. is known as

3. deal in, deal with, do with

deal in意为“做买卖，卖某物，经营某物”，后接经营或买卖的商品，一般不用被动语态。deal with和do with都可作“处理”解，deal with常和疑问词how连用；do with中的do为及物动词，要带宾语，故常和疑问词what连用。另外，deal with还有“和……做买卖；对付，和……打交道；涉及，论述，关于(主要指书籍、文章或演讲的内容)”等意思。

a. We dont know what to ____ waste things.

b. Such people are difficult ____.

c. Do you ____ Tom, a greedy merchant?

d. They ____ hardware but not software.

答案及解析：a. do with b. to deal with c. deal with d. deal in

4. aim at, aim for

两者的后面均可接名词、代词或动名词，都表示“目的是，旨在”的意义，一般可换用。不同的是，aim at还有“瞄准，对准”的意义，后既可跟表目的的名词，又可跟射击的目标。be aimed at是aim at的被动语态。aim for强调最终目的。总之，at强调“目标”，for强调最终目的。

a. The visit ____ expanding relation between the two countries.

b. What she ____ is to win a scholarship.

c. We ____ the completion of the task by the end of the year.

d. The hunter ____ ____ the lion and fired, but missed it.

答案及解析：a. was amed at b. is aiming at c. aim for d. aimed at

5. insist that, insist on, stick to, persist in

四者都有“坚持”之意。insist后接that从句有两种用法：一是表示“坚持说，坚决认为(主张)”，从句用陈述语气；二是表示“坚决要，坚决要求”，从句用虚拟语气，即谓语用should＋动词原形，should可省略。insist on多用于坚持“意见、看法、主张”等。stick to多用于坚持“计划、决定、诺言、意见、理想或某种理论”等。persist in表示对某种活动坚持不懈或对某种信念固执不改。

a. If you ____ breaking the law, you will go to prison.

b. Its right ____ ones promise.

c. He ____ the plan be carried out at once.

d. She ____ the fact.

答案及解析：a. persist in b. to stick to c. insisted that d.insisted on

6. as a result, as a result of

as a result为“因此，结果是”；as a result of为“由于……的原因 (结果)”。

a. ____ the big fire, thousands of people lost their lives.

b. He was late for school again. ____, he was punished by the teacher.

c. She was late ____ the snow.

d. It doesnt often rain in summer here. ____, we have to water the vegetable garden.

答案及解析：a. As a result of b. As a result c. as a result of d. As a result。

7. provide, supply

provide主要指为某人、某物或某事“提供”、“供应”某物品，尤其指生活必需品，常用于provide sth. for sb.和provide sb. with sth.结构中；supply指用物“供给”、“供应”或“提供”给国家、群众、工厂、城市、市场等，以部队为对象时，往往只供给生活必需品，而不指武器。常用于supply sb. with sth.和supply sth. to/for sb.结构中。涉及到金钱时，provide往往有“免费供给”的含义；supply一般是要给钱的。

a. TV ____ a lot of entertainments to us.

b. They ____ the refugees food and medicine.

c. More and more vegetables and fruit ____ to the army.

d. Can you ____ accommodation for thirty people?

答案及解析：a. supplies b. provided c. are supplied d. provide

8. ability, capacity, talent

这组词都表示“个人的能力”。ability指人表现出来的实际能力，既指天赋能力，也指培养造就获得的本领；capacity用于物时指容纳能力，用于人时指潜在的能力，尤指接受能力、领悟性、敏感等；talent表示先天所赋予的某种特殊才能，可以经过训练或使用而有所发展和成熟。ability和talent主要用于人；capacity可用于人，也可用于物。ability后常接不定式、介词in或for；talent后通常接介词for表示“有……的天才”。

a. I think he is a man of great ____.

b. The hall has a seating ____ of 100 persons.

c. This sort of work calls for special ____.

答案及解析：a. ability b. capacity c. talents

9. help, aid, assist

这三个词的共同意思是“帮助”，help和aid既可用作名词，也可用作动词，assist只能用作动词。aid常用于很紧急或很危险的场合，意为“援助、资助,救援”，在foreign aid (外援)，first aid (急救)，government aid to industry (政府对工业的援助)，state aid (国家援助)等短语中不能用help。assist有“从旁协助、起辅助作用”的含义，只是充当被帮助者的助手，居次要地位。help最常用，常指出于好意或同情而做出的行为，意为“帮助，救援”。

a. She was delighted to ____ him with his English.

b. He ____ me to clean the rooms.

c. The stricken ship sent an SOS for immediate ____.

d. I couldnt have done it without your ____.

答案及解析：a. assist/aid/help b. assisted/helped c. aid d. help

10. damage, destroy, harm

damage指因“损害、损坏”而减少或使之失去使用价值、用途等。这种“损伤”多为局部性的，充当宾语的名词一般为非生物名词。destroy指十分彻底地破坏，不能或很难修复。harm“损害、伤害、危害”，多指给人精神上造成痛苦和苦恼等。

a. What you said has ____ her.

b. The fire ____ several houses.

c. An explosion ____ the engine.

答案及解析：a. harmed b. damaged c. destroyed

11. be used to, get used to, used to

be used to是“习惯于”的意思，可用于各种时态，其中to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词;be used to有时是动词use的被动形式，有“被用来……”的意思，to为动词不定式符号。get used to意为“习惯于”，表示一个动作，说明由不习惯到习惯的转变，其后接名词、代词或动名词，常用于将来时和完成时中。used to意为“过去常常”，表示过去存在但现在已不存在的情况或习惯，to为不定式符号，后跟动词原形。

a. There ____ be many people smoking in the office, but now no- body is allowed to.

b. Ive ____ living here.

c. Weve ____ hard work.

答案及解析：a. used to b. got used to c. been used to

12. join, join in, take part in, attend, participate

四者都可译成“参加”，但意义和用法有异。join意为“加入某一组织，成为其中一员”，join后可接表示人的名词或代词，表示加入到某人或某些人的行列中去。join in表示“加入”，“参与”某种活动，in之后可接名词或动词的-ing形式，表示“参加某人的活动”，可以说join sb. in (doing) sth.。take part in指参加会议或群众性活动，重在说明句子主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥作用。join in后可以不跟宾语，take part in后必须跟宾语。attend意为“出席，参加”，指参加会议或仪式、婚礼、葬礼，典礼、上课、上学、听报告等，强调的是这一动作本身，而不强调参加者在活动中起作用。participate指以主人或主角的身分、或姿态“参加”或“参与”某项活动并在其中发挥作用。一般不指参加某个团体或组织，其后接介词in，可与take part in换用，但后者更口语化。

a. She actively ____ in local politics.

b. When will you ____ the meeting?

c. Let me ____.

d. Were going swimming. Will you come and ____ us?

e. My elder brother ____ the army last year.

f. All the children of school-age in our village have ____ school.

答案及解析：a. participates b. take part in(attend) c. join in d. joine. joined f. attended