高一下册Ｕｎｉｔ１９重难点词汇讲解

余　剑　吕斌文

一、 effect n. “效果；影响；作用；结果”

1. the effect of… “……的结果”

the harmful effects of smoking吸烟的害处

2. have an effect on “对……有影响”

The parents behaviour has an effect on their children.

父母的行为对孩子产生了影响。

3. have/achieve the desired effect “取得所期望的结果”

The plan failed to achieve the desired effect of diverting traffic from the city.该计划未能如期望的那样分流城里的车辆。

拓展：

1. put/bring sth. into effect “实施计划；落实想法”。如:

It wont be easy to put the changes into effect.

2. come into effect/take effect “（纪律/规则/制度）生效”

3. be of no effect “无效”

4. in effect “实际上；事实上”

5. effective adj. “产生预期效果的；有效的；引人注意的；醒目的；生效的”。如：an effective use of colour “引人注目的颜色使用”。

The ads were simple, but remarkably effective.

这些广告很简单，但效果出奇的好。

effectively adv. “有效地，实际上；事实上”。如：

Effectively, it has become impossible for us to help.

事实上，我们已不可能帮忙了。

二、 cause

基本词义用法：

1.用作名词

(1)the cause of… “原因；起因”

What was the cause of the accident? 那场事故的起因是什么？

(2)“理由；根据；缘故”

cause for complaint/concern“抱怨/担心的理由”

(3)“事业；原则；目标”

Her lifelong devotion to the cause of womens rights received high praise from the public.

她对女权事业的毕生追求赢得了公众的高度赞扬。

3.用作动词

“导致；使发生；引起”。如：

Heavy traffic is causing long delays on the freeway.

拥挤的交通正造成高速公路上长时间的延误。

拓展：

1.cause sb./sth. to do sth. “使某人（某物）做……”

2.cause concern/embarrassment “使人感到担忧/难为情”

3.cause sb. trouble/problems/inconvenience “给（某人）惹麻烦/造成问题/带来不便”

辨析：

excuse/reason/cause

excuse主要强调为了避免受责备和推卸责任而找的借口，缘由；reason用来解释某种行为，现象和结果，使之听起来合理；cause指产生某种结果的直接原因，强调“没有这原因就没有这结果”。如：

Ive got no cause for complaint—Im doing all right.

我没有理由抱怨——我一切都好。

He didnt have a good excuse for his absence so he made up one.

他为无故缺席编了个理由。

The reason why she preferred to live in Shanghai was that she liked the climate there. 她愿意住在上海是因为喜欢那里的气候。

三、bring in/bring about/bring back/bring out/bring up/bring down

辨析：

bring in“盈利；赚钱；使某人参加；宣判”。如：

It all became very serious and police were brought in.

事态很严重，警察也被叫来了。

bring about“引起；导致；造成”。如：

Computers have brought about many changes to our lives.

电脑给我们的生活带来了很大的变化。

bring back “使恢复；使想起；使回忆起”。如：

The smell of popcorns brings back my memories of living in the countryside. 爆米花的香味使我想起在乡下生活的日子。

bring out“使……明显；显示出；使……得以发挥；推出；使更自信；使开朗”。如：

When he went to college it really brought him out.

上了大学后他的自信心增强了。

bring up “提出（议题）；养育；教养”。如：

I shall bring up this question at the next meeting.

我将在下次会议上提出这个问题。

bring down “使（飞机）降落；放下；打落；推翻；撞倒”。如：

Handuan was brought down on the edge of the field.

韩端在球场边缘被撞倒了。

考题：

His idea of having weekly family meals together, which seemed difficult at first, has ____ many good changes in their lives.（2005重庆卷）

A. got through B. resulted from C. turned into D. brought about

四、method/means/way/approach

辨析：

method着重系统地，科学地，有条理地办事的方法或解决问题的思路，它的后面接of doing sth.； means指任何用来达到目的的东西，可指器具、工具、机器等，也可指行动；方法策略，手段等，其单复数形式相同，其前有a, one, this, that, every等时表单数意义；其前有such, these, those, all等时表复数意义，多指抽象或概括性的意思，其后可接不定式或of+动名词（名词）； way一般用语，可指人们解决问题的具体办法或途径，也可指个人特殊的“方法；方式”； approach强调的是思考问题的方法，一般与介词to搭配。如：

You need to improve your teaching method. 你需要改进教学方法。

Mobile phone is an effective means of communication.

手机是一种有效的交流沟通手段。

One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to develop healthy eating habits. 保持健康的最好方法之一就是养成良好的饮食习惯。

The school has decided to adopt a different approach to discipline.

学校决定采取另外一种方式来解决纪律问题。

考题：

At the meeting they discussed three different ____ to the study of mathematics. （2006湖北卷）

A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways

五、long, for long与for a long time

三者均可用于否定句，但long和for long仅指谓语动词的主动词（即不包括not），而for a long time指的是整个谓语动词（包括not）所表达的意思。for a long time可用于肯定句，而long和for long较少用于肯定句。

He didnt work (for) long. 他并没工作多长时间。

They havent been here for a long time. 他们很长时间没来这儿了。

——Have you been working long? 你在这儿工作多长时间了？

——No, not long, but my brother has been in the company for a

long time. 不，不是很长，但我的弟弟在这家公司工作很久了。

六、allow, permit与let

permit是根据法令,规章,制度的“许可”，通常表示积极而又正面的允许，同意或准许，多用于正式场合；allow含有同意某人要求，不禁止某种行为的消极意味，是普通用词；let含有听任或容许的意味，可用于积极的场所，具有口语色彩。

The nurse allowed the visitors to remain beyond the hospital visiting hours though it was not permitted. 尽管是不许可的，护士还是让那些看望者呆过了医院规定的探病时间。

Please let me know what happened yesterday.

请告诉我昨天这儿发生了什么事。

七、as many as与as much as

“as many as+数词+可数名词复数”表示某人或某处拥有物品的数量；“as much as+数词+可数名词复数”表示金钱、距离、时间、重量、水量、热量等各方面的程度或数量；as much as可用来修饰动词或不可数名词，而as many as不能；在不表示具体事物时，用as many as和as much as均可。

The great fire burned down as many as twenty buildings.

那场大火烧毁的建筑物达20栋之多。

Most of the stones weigh as much as 15 tons. 大多数石头重达15吨。

You can eat as much as you can. 你爱吃多少就吃多少。

I like cats as much as dogs. 我喜欢猫和狗程度相同。

I have as much/many as you. 我有的和你有的一样多。