阅读理解精练

和宝君　杨树根

A

【阅读格言】

Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.__成功的秘诀就是四个简单的字：多一点点。

【语篇导读】

美国科学家通过研究发现，那些无名指比食指长的儿童，长大后在大学入学考试中，理科的成绩很可能会比文科好。反过来，那些食指比无名指长的儿童，他们阅读、写作和口语科目的成绩要比数学好。

文章来源： 中国日报网站新闻

难度星级__***____字数__334__第一节限时__6__分钟

第二节限时__10__分钟__开始时间______ 正确数______

A quick look at the lengths of childrens index and ring fingers can be used to predict how well students will perform in education tests, new research claims.

Kids with longer ring fingers compared to index fingers are likely to have higher math scores than literacy or verbal scores in the entrance exam for primary school, while children with the reverse finger-length ratio are likely to have higher reading and writing, or verbal, scores versus（与……相对） math scores.

Scientists have known that different levels of the hormones testosterone(雄性激素) and estrogen(雌性激素) in the womb(子宫) account for the different finger lengths, which are a reflection of areas of the brain that are more highly developed than others, said psychologist Mark Brosnan of the University of Bath in Britain, who led the study.

Exposure to testosterone in the womb is said to promote development of areas of the brain often associated with spatial（空间的） and mathematical skills, he said. That hormone makes the ring finger longer. Estrogen exposure does the same for areas of the brain associated with verbal ability and tends to lengthen the index finger relative to the ring finger.

To test the link to childrens scores on the Scholastic Assessment Test, Brosnan and his colleagues made photocopies of childrens palms and measured the length of their index and ring fingers. They used the finger-length ratios as a proxy(参照指标) for the levels of testosterone and estrogen exposure.

The researchers then looked at boys and girls test performances separately and compared them to finger-length ratio measurements. They found a clear link between high prenatal testosterone exposure, indicated by the longer index finger compared to the ring finger, and higher scores on the math SAT.

Similarly, they found higher literacy SAT scores for the girls among those who had lower prenatal testosterone exposure, as indicated by a shorter ring finger compared with the index finger.

第一节__整体阅读

1. Its likely that if a child with a longer index finger than his ring finger, he will probably get good marks in______.

A. math B. physics

C. chemistry D. Chinese

2.______ can make your index finger longer than your ring finger.

A. Estrogen B. Testosterone

C. Vitamin D. Vegetables

3. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A. A child with a longer index finger than his ring finger will fail in the math test.

B. Girls with shorter ring fingers get higher literacy SAT scores.

C. Kids with longer ring fingers are likely to have higher math scores.

D. The length of the finger has something to do with levels of the hormones testosterone and estrogen in the womb.

【思维导航】

别忙着对答案哦，先检查检查吧！

1. 请注意核对第二段中所含信息。

2. 认真阅读第四段内容。

3. 注意最后两段的信息。

第二节 阅读步步高

（一）词汇拓展

1. 请利用构词法知识猜测如下单词的意义：

literary (adj.文学的)—literacy (n.________)

expose (v.暴露）—exposure (n.__________）

photo + copy—photocopy (n.____________)

2. 请依据语境猜测第2段中reverse 的意义：

reverse adj.____________________

（二）句子理解

请分析文中黑体部份长难句子的结构并试译其义。

结构简析：________________________

译文：____________________________

(三)语段、语篇理解

1. Whats the topic sentence of the passage?

____________________________________________

2. Whats the best title of the passage? (回答字数不超过8个)

____________________________________________________

阅读心得：__________________________________

请写上一句鼓励自己的话：______________________

B

【阅读格言】

读过一段优秀的短文，像交了一个令你满意的朋友；有朋友就有成功， 就有阅读出色的你。还等什么，交朋友吧！

【语篇导读】

本文讲述了身体语言的分类，它与动物的交流方式、基因、环境等方面的关系，从而分析了身体语言的根源问题。

文章来源： http://navylee.yculblog.com/post.596630.html

难度星级__***____字数__354__第一节限时__6 分钟

第二节限时__10__分钟__开始时间______ 正确数______

Body language is a broad term for several forms of communication using body movements or gestures, instead of, or as a complement to, sounds, verbal language, or other forms of communication. In turn, it is one category of paralanguage, which describes all forms of human communication that are not language.

Paralanguage including body language has been extensively studied in social psychology（心理学）. In everyday speech and popular psychology, the term is most often applied to body language that is thought to be involuntary, but in fact the distinction between voluntary and involuntary body language is often blurred: a smile or a wave may be given either voluntarily or involuntarily, for example.

Voluntary Body Language is less commonly discussed because it seems unproblematic. It refers to movement, gestures and poses intentionally made by the person: smiling, hands, imitating actions, and generally making movements with full or partial intention of making them and a realization of what they communicate.

The relation of body language to animal communication has often been discussed. Human paralanguage may represent a continuation of forms of communication that our non-linguistic ancestors already used, or it may be that it has been changed by co-existing language. Some species of animals are especially adept at detecting human body language, both voluntary and involuntary: this was the reason for trying to teach the chimpanzee Washoe American Sign Language rather than speech and perhaps the reason why the Washoe project was more successful than some previous efforts to teach apes how to dance.

Body language is a product of both genetic and environmental influences. Blind children will smile and laugh even though they have never seen a smile. The ethnologist （人类文化学者） Iraneus Eibl-Eibesfeldt claimed that a number of basic elements of body language were universal across cultures and must therefore be fixed action patterns under instinctive control. Some forms of human body language show continuities with communicative gestures of other apes, though often with changes in meaning. More refined gestures, which vary between cultures (for example the gestures to indicate “yes” and “no”), must obviously be learned or modified through learning, usually by unconscious observation of the environment.

第一节 整体阅读

1. The underlined word “blurred” from the second paragraph probably means______.

A. easy to be seen

B. hard to be told apart

C. simple to be imitated

D. difficult to be learned

2. According to the passage, the reason why the Washoe project was a success may be that______.

A. the chimpanzee Washoe can be taught speech

B. apes can be taught how to dance

C. Washoe can understand body language well

D. numbers of basic elements of body language are the same in different cultures

3. Why does the author take the gestures to indicate “yes” and “no” for an example?

A. To give us the meaning of the two gestures.

B. To tell us continuities of some fixed action patterns.

C. To show environmental influences of the sign language.

D. To indicate genetic effects of the body language.

4. The last two paragraphs mainly talk about______.

A. origins of the body language

B. cultural influences

C. what the body language is

D. relationships between body languages and animal communications

【思维导航】

别忙着对答案哦，先检查检查吧！

1. 请注意短文第二自然段最后一句的内容。

2. 作者在第四自然段中列举Washoe工程是用来论证什么观点？

3. 作者在最后一自然段中用表示“yes” and “no”的身体语言来论证什么观点？。

4. 请注意短文最后两个自然段的话题。

第二节__阅读步步高

（一）词汇拓展

1. 请利用构词法知识猜测如下单词的意义：

refine (vt.改进；改善；精炼；去除杂质)—refined (adj.______)

exist (v.存在)—co-existing (adj.__________)

voluntary (adj.有意识的，自觉的)—involuntarily (adv.________)

gene (n.基因)—genetic (adj.____________)

2. 请依据语境猜测第4段中adept的意义：

adept（in或at） adj.______________

（二）句子理解

请分析文中黑体部份长难句子的结构并试译其义。

结构简析：________________________

译文：____________________________

(三)语段、语篇理解

1. Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?

________________________________________________

2. Whats the main idea of the passage? (回答字数不超过10个)

________________________________________________

阅读心得：________________________

请写上一句鼓励自己的话：__________

【答案与解析】

A

第一节__整体阅读

1. D。推理判断题。由文章第二段可知，那些无名指比食指长的儿童，长大后在大学入学考试中，理科的成绩很可能会比文科好。反过来，对于那些食指比无名指长的儿童来说，他们阅读、写作和口语科目的成绩要比数学成绩好。__

2. A。细节题。由文章第三段可知，雌性激素有助于胎儿大脑内负责管辖语言能力的区域发育，并使得人的食指比无名指长。

3. A。细节理解题。文章第二段提到食指比无名指长的儿童文科比理科要好一些，但并不意味着他们理科成绩不及格。

第二节__阅读步步高

（一）词汇拓展

1. 阅读和写作的能力 / 暴露 / 影印本

2. 颠倒的，相反的

（二）句子理解

结构简析： 本句为简单句。He said是插入语，语法称之为独立成分，Exposure to testosterone为主语，is said为谓语，动词不定式用作主语的补足语，associated with为过去分词短语做后置定语，用来修饰areas of the brain。

译文： 据说胎儿在子宫里受到雄性激素的刺激，将有助于大脑内负责管辖空间和数学能力区域的发育。

(三)语段、语篇理解

1. Kids with longer ring fingers compared to index fingers are likely to have higher math scores than literacy or verbal scores in the entrance exam for primary school.

2. Finger length foretells academic performance

B

第一节__整体阅读

1. B。文章第二自然段谈到a smile or a wave may be given either voluntarily or involuntarily，这说明voluntary and involuntary bo-dy language比较难区分。

2. C。第四自然段得知答案，Washoe这种无尾猿擅长于理解人类身体语言。

3. C。文章最后一自然段谈到了身体语言的产生受基因及环境因素的影响。信息…usually by unconscious observation of the environment表明作者举该例子是说明有些身体语言是受环境因素影响的，而本段前半部份谈的是身体语言受基因的影响。

4. A。最后两个自然段谈的是身体语言的根源问题，选项D只是第三自然段的主题，不能以偏概全。

第二节阅读步步高

（一）词汇拓展

1. 有教养的，有礼貌的；精制的 / 共存的，和平共处的 / 无意识地，不自觉地 / 基因的，遗传学的

2. 善（于）

(二）句子理解

结构简析：本句主干是由连词but连接的两个并列分句，前一个分句中包含了一个限制性的定语从句修饰先行词body language，第二分句中有一个由冒号引出的用来补充说明名词distinction的句子。

译文：在日常谈话和大众心理学中，附助语言（paralanguage）这个术语常常用来指人们认为是无意识的肢体语言；但是，事实上，有意识和无意识语言之间的区别往往是模糊不清的：比方说，笑一笑或挥一挥手这样的动作可能是有意识这么做还是无意识这样做呢？

（三）语段、语篇理解

1. Body language is a product of both genetic and environmental influences.

2. Body language and its origin.