ｉｎ ｗｈａｔ 还是 ｉｎ ｗｈｉｃｈ

毛丽娟

下面是一道高考题，请问你会选择哪个选项呢？

A modern city has been set up in _____ was a wasteland ten years ago.

A. what B. whichC. that D. where

正确选项为A。你选对了吗？很多同学会选B。究其原因，学生没能正确判断定语从句与宾语从句。选B的学生都把这道题当定语从句处理，认为定语从句中介词之后用which。

在练习中如何区分定语从句与宾语从句？仔细观察这一类型的练习，我们不难发现它们有如下两种句式。

１．动词+介词+从句（如上题）

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语

从句放在先行词的后面。因此，定语从句的结构为：主语+动词+名词+关系词+从句。从句子结构来看，介词之前无先行词（名词或代词），这不可能是定语从句。而in+which是定语从句中很典型的用法。既然这不是定语从句，就不能选in+which。从句子结构分析，介词后接上一句子作宾语，那就是宾语从句。从句中缺少主语或宾语时用in +what。同一类的题目还有：

例１After months of voyage, Columbus arrived in ______ later proved a new continent. （答案为B）

A. where B. whatC. whichD. that

例2A modern city has been set up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago. (答案为A)

A. what B. which C. thatD. where

例3Zheng Hes first stop during the expedition was in _____ is a part of Vietnam today. (答案为B)

A. whereB. whatC. which D. that

2．动词+名词+介词in +从句

若遇上这一结构，考生则需要判断是定语从句还是宾语从句。定语从句用in which,宾语从句用in what。判断方法有两种：一、从意义着手，看后面的从句与名词之间是否存在修饰关系。有修饰关系的是定语从句；否则便是宾语从句。二、根据定语从句的用法，介词前的名词代入从句中，句子通顺的是定语从句；否则是宾语从句。请看下面的例子：

例4They built a university in _____ used to be a church.

A. whereB. whatC. which D. one

从方法一来看，这句话要表达的大意大致如下：他们在原来是教堂的地方建造了一所大学。从句与前面的名词the university之间无修饰关系。从判断方法二着手，把a university代入到从句中，则得到这样一个句子: A church used to be in a university 或 In a university used to be a church。整个句子不达意，因此这是一个宾语从句，选B in what。

例5The expert insisted that silkworms were first raised by a woman in ____ is now Hebei Province. (答案为B)

A. whichB. what C. where D. that

例6They built a university in _____ a lot of foreign students studied.

A. where B. what C. whichD. one

本句大意如下：他们建造了一所大学，那儿有许多外国的学生。后面的从句a lot of foreign students studied 修饰a university。因此，当我们把university代入后面句子中时，便组成了这样的句子A lot of foreign students studied in a university。无论从方法一还是方法二判断，这都是一个定语从句。本题答案为C。