上饶： 打击生态犯罪 护航绿色发展

“看，左前方有好几只江豚！”似乎是听到了巡护员的声音，一只只江豚应声从湖面跃起又迅速潜入湖面。

“春夏季是鄱阳湖的丰水期，江豚一般扩散分布，我们周边预计有十来只江豚，这些年江豚眼见是越来越多了！”巡护员毛启国祖祖辈辈都是渔民，2018年，他响应号召“洗脚上岸”，成为鄱阳县江豚保护队的一员，说起江豚，不善言辞的他就打开了话匣子。江豚是国家一级保护野生动物，鄱阳湖是其最重要的栖息地之一。

“您已进入江豚保护区，请低速行驶。”随着巡逻艇驶入上饶市鄱阳县江豚保护区，岸边和山头上时不时可见江豚保护标语和海报。据毛启国介绍，大船和船速过高掀起的巨浪会对江豚造成影响，噪声也会干扰江豚对周围环境的判断，因此，在江豚保护区，过往船只的大小和速度都有限制。他的任务是观察江豚的数量和生存情况，枯水期，要注意观察是否有江豚搁浅。

十年禁渔以来，鄱阳湖的鱼类数量和种类呈恢复态势，为江豚和候鸟等野生动物提供了丰富的觅食选择。根据2023年12月发布的《中国湖泊生态环境研究报告——鄱阳湖》，中国科学院的观测数据，鄱阳湖江豚数量已上升至700余头。

打击生态环境领域犯罪 维护湖区生态安全

鄱阳县莲湖乡是鄱阳湖中的一个岛乡，四面环水，渔业资源丰富。2022年，村民毛某长等11人在明知鄱阳湖十年禁渔的情况下，仍然在鄱阳湖无念岛附近水域使用渔网、渔船等捕捞渔获物34次，共计获利8万余元。案发后，毛某长等人积极缴纳生态修复金共计15.141万元。2023年10月18日，上述11人分别被判处有期徒刑或拘役。在侦办该案的过程中，民警以案释法，联合龙口江豚保护基地为当地村民上法治课，讲解非法捕捞的危害、需要承担的法律后果等，增强村民环保和守法意识。

据上饶市公安局食品药品与环境犯罪侦查支队长钟文军介绍，2023年以来，上饶公安纵深推进“昆仑”“春雷”“平安水域”等专项行动，始终把打击非法采砂、非法捕捞等违法犯罪作为湖区治理主攻方向，全面净化水上治安环境。2023年，通过各部门、警种间协作配合，组建“打击非法捕捞”工作专班，深挖彻查、追根溯源，实施岸上岸下、线上线下全链条打击涉水违法犯罪，确保打深打透打彻底。

针对湖区点多面广的特点，鄱阳公安运用光电雷达技术，通过对水上过往船只的实时抓拍和自动研判，实现对进入鄱阳县水域要素的全智能管控。据鄱阳县公安局水警大队长祝光胜介绍，2023年8月5日，平台运行以来，共录入各类数据23065条，预警信息22065条，发现违法犯罪线索1800余条，发现钓鱼人员1766人次，查处违法犯罪案件40起，推送给其他部门1700余起，实现了以信息引导湖区治理工作，通过智能预警，最大限度挤压了水上违法犯罪空间。

鄱阳湖不同季节与年份的生态环境均有差异。秋冬季节，鄱阳湖枯水期，水位大面积下降，鱼类会聚集在少部分水域范围内。为防止出现徒手摸鱼捡鱼等情况，鄱阳县公安局水警大队将执法船24小时驻守在鄱阳湖核心水域，派驻民、辅警日夜轮流值班，通过“步巡+车巡+船巡+视频巡+无人机巡”方式，加强对重点路段、水域和入湖口等地巡逻。同时，联合农业农村、市管等部门，开展“零点”“清江清湖”等一系列行动，地毯式清查“三无”船舶、非法渔网渔具，拉网式检查农贸市场、餐饮店和渔具店。

圩堤上的渔鸟保护派出所

“你好，停车检查。”在鄱阳湖余干县康山的堤坝上，一辆即将进入湖区的皮卡被卡口拦停检查后备厢。这处卡口由鄱阳湖渔鸟生态保护派出所与渔政执法人员联合设卡，检查是否携带禁用渔具等违规用品进入湖区，以及是否非法携带野生动物驶出湖区。

鄱阳湖渔鸟生态保护派出所成立于2020年11月，是江西省首个以“渔鸟”命名的派出所，7名民警和20余名辅警长年驻扎在湖边，把派出所搬上了圩堤。

针对鄱阳湖水域面积大、渔业资源足、越冬候鸟多的特点，渔鸟生态保护派出所先后投资3000余万元，建成以雷达系统、光电系统、自动识别系统（AIS）为主要探测感知的鄱阳湖智慧生态管控平台，融合3座雷达，4座定速巡航无人机场，6路高空瞭望，7架光电，966路智能天网监控、雪亮工程、卡口监控等视频监控资源，对鄱阳湖、信江水面实行无死角、全覆盖、透烟雨雾霾、夜视全天24小时智能感知。通过综合处理雷达、光电、自动识别系统（AIS）、无人机、视频监控等数据，具备了多元融合处理、大数据分析、智能研判预警、视频联动取证、快速追踪处置等功能，实现辖区水陆智慧监管。

“所里每天沿重点水域湖岸线，分时段、分批次、不定点开展水上、路面车船巡护，规范湖区垂钓，防范夜间偷捕；秋冬旱季尤其加密对迁徙候鸟的巡护力度和频次，及时清理裸露草洲上的废弃渔网渔具和生活垃圾，有效减少人为活动对越冬候鸟的干扰，保障候鸟栖息地安全。”渔鸟保护派出所所长郑锦介绍道。

春夏季节，大批的候鸟已经飞离鄱阳湖，而民警的工作却丝毫不敢松懈。

“鄱阳湖不同季节和年份的水文情况差异很大，有些地方今年是淤泥淤积点，明年也许就不是了。目前是丰水期，我们白天巡逻时会用手机应用软件（App）标注路线，标出重点水域的深浅和淤泥淤积情况，自己踏查出一条水路来。晚上行船不能开灯，否则会反光，更无法看清水面情况，打击夜间的非法捕捞、偷猎候鸟等案件难度会比较大。”说起湖面的巡逻和执法困难，郑锦介绍起了所里民警探索出的经验。

涉湖的案件，很多线索在岸上。派出所民警以“查水上、查岸线、查捕捞、查运输、查经营”为手段，紧盯重点人群、关键环节和高发水域，全面加大巡查执法力度，有针对性地开展专项执法和联合执法行动，严厉打击“电、毒、炸”等非法捕捞和违规垂钓，生产、销售禁用渔具，以及销售、加工非法渔获物等行为；坚持全流程、全环节、全链条溯源打击，特别是严厉打击组织化、团伙化、链条化的非法捕捞、运输、销售犯罪行为。

在打击涉湖犯罪的同时，派出所还承担起了生态保护和救助的职责。余干县公安局于2023年10月在渔鸟生态保护派出所成立珍贵濒危野生动物临时救助站，聘请林业部门专业工作人员常驻，配备应急救护相关药品装备，依法依规开展受伤、受困、病弱野生候鸟收容救护工作。候鸟季持续开展常态化巡护工作，确保做到第一时间发现、第一时间救助、第一时间放飞。对于亟需转医的病重候鸟，派出所及时安排民辅警将其移送至上饶、南昌等上级相关救助单位，合力救护越冬候鸟。

截至目前，已成功救助小天鹅13只、东方白鹳3只、苍鹭1只、灰鹤1只。“这些救助过程我们都留下了资料，正准备在救助站旁边开一个宣传展室，这样周围的村民，尤其是孩子们可以来看看，希望他们从小树立保护候鸟和鄱阳湖的理念。”说起这个计划，郑锦的脸上泛起了笑容。

（责任编辑：古静）

Dedicated to Eco-greening of the Yangtze River

Written by Zhang Minjiao， Gu Jing

Reported by Zeng Fangzhou， Chen Chang

"Some finless porpoises over there！" It was the call of a patrol guard. When we looked to the front left， a few finless porpoises leap out of water and then back into the lake.

"During the high water seasons of spring and summer， finless porpoises usually spread all over Poyang Lake. There are a dozen around. Over the years their population has grown apparently，" says patrol guard Mao Qiguo， whose family had lived by fishing for generations. In 2018， in response to the national call for a fishing ban， he gave up fishing and joined the finless porpoise conservation task force of Poyang County， Shangrao City， Jiangxi Province. Wordless as he is， Mao becomes voluble when it comes to finless porpoises. Poyang Lake is one of these porpoise's most important habitats under China's first-class protection.

"Please slow down in the finless porpoise nature reserve！" Signboards and posters with this reminder are found everywhere along the shores and hills as the patrol boat steers into the nature reserve. According to Mao， fast boats， large and small， can make huge waves and loud noises that could disturb finless porpoise's judgment of water conditions. Hence the speed limit. Mao's duty is to observe the population and living conditions of these freshwater mammals and watch against them becoming stranded in the dry seasons.

Thanks to the 10-year fishing ban， there has been an evident recovery of the fish population and diversity in Poyang Lake. Available to finless porpoises， migratory birds， and other wild animals are abundant food resources. According to data from the "Research Reports on Ecology and Environment of Lakes in China – Poyang Lake" issued by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in December 2023， the number of finless porpoises in the lake has topped 700.

Fighting Crimes for Ecological Safety

An island in Poyang Lake， Lianhu Township of Poyang County， abounds with fishery resources. In 2022， a villager surnamed Mao and 10 other locals used boats and nets to fish 34 times in the waters near Wunian Island， regardless of the 10-year fishing ban， illicitly pocketing more than 80，000 yuan. After the case was uncovered， the 11 suspects paid 151，410 yuan compensation for the ecological damage. On October 18， 2023， they were respectively sentenced to several years in jail or criminal detention. During the investigations， the police force， in collaboration with the Longkou Finless Porpoise Conservation Base， elaborated on the harm of illegal fishing and the consequences of law violations to enhance villagers' environmental and legal awareness.

From 2023 onwards， the police force in Shangrao City has initiated multiple special operations and given priority to combating unlawful sand excavation and fishing， and enhancing the governance and public security of the lake region， says Zhong Wenjun， chief of the food， drug and environmental crimes division under the Shangrao Public Security Bureau. In 2023， various departments and police officers joined efforts to establish a task force to conduct thorough investigations and work， online and offline in and around the lake to prevent illegal activities.

Because the lake is so large， officers have introduced photoelectric sensor technology to monitor passing boats in real time and make autonomous judgments so that every boat entering the waters of Poyang County can be brought under intelligent control. Since it was put in place on August 5， 2023， the technology has yielded fruitful results. 23065 data entries have been recorded， with over 22065 pre-warning messages generated， over 1800 crime clues detected， and around 1766 people caught fishing illegally， nearly 40 criminal cases addressed， and almost 1700 cases transferred to relevant departments. The information technology and intelligent detection help minimize the chance of crimes in the waters.

The ecological environment of Poyang Lake varies with the season and the year. In the dry seasons of fall and winter， shoals of fish are confined to a few dwindled water areas. To prevent fishing， the water police squad of the Public Security Bureau in Poyang County deploys their patrol boat around the clock in the core area of Poyang Lake. Civil and auxiliary police officers also patrol the region on foot， by car， boat， and via drone and webcams， especially the key waterways， water areas and lake entrances. They also collaborate with urban and rural management authorities to launch operations to eliminate unregistered boats and illegal fishing gear， and carry out close and regular inspections of farmers' markets， restaurants， and fishing gear shops.

The Police Station for Preserving Fish and Birds

"Please stop for a check！" said a police officer at the checkpoint near Poyang Lake when a pickup truck was trying to enter the lake region through the dam road in Kangshan Township of Yugan County. Jointly set up by the Police Station for Preserving the Ecology of Fishes and Birds in Poyang Lake and fisheries law enforcement officers， the checkpoint is designed to prohibit any fishing gear getting in and any wild animals getting out.

Founded in November 2020， the police station is the first in Jiangxi Province to deal with fish and birds. Seven civil and 20 auxiliary police officers live on the shores of the lake all year round， dedicating their lives to nature conservancy.

Since Poyang Lake has vast fishery resources and many migratory birds， the police station has invested more than 30 million yuan in constructing an intelligent ecology management and control platform with radar， optoelectronic， and automatic identification systems for detection purposes. Consisting of three radars， four drone runways， six observation towers， seven pieces of photoelectric equipment， one real-time intelligent monitoring center， and numerous cameras at all entrances， the platform helps realize 24-hour， all-weather remote supervision of every corner of Poyang Lake as well as the reaches of Xinjiang River within the nature reserve. By pooling and processing the data from monitoring devices like automatic identification system， the platform integrates the functions of multi-dimensional signal processing， big data analysis， intelligent judgment and pre-warning， and video-based evidence extraction. The platform also uses fast tracking and identification， enabling the intelligent monitoring of areas in and around the lake.

"Every day， we patrol the key water areas and shores in shifts， but without fixed routes， to regulate angling behaviors and deter night poaching. In the dry season， we implement closer monitoring of wintering migratory birds and clean up abandoned fishing nets and tools as well as debris on grassy shoals to minimize the disturbance to these birds and ensure the safety of their habitats，" says Zheng Jin， chief of the police station.

In spring and summer， migratory birds will leave Poyang Lake， but the civil police officers never slack off on their work.

"Hydrological conditions vary enormously from season to season and year to year in Poyang Lake. Some places might be blocked with silt in one year， but change completely in the next. Now， in the high water period， we use a mobile app to mark some routes， the depth of key water areas and the volume of siltation during our daytime patrol to blaze a waterway on our own. At night， our boat has to turn off all lights to avoid the reflection of beams， which complicates our fight against illegal fishing and bird poaching in the dark as a result of the poor visibility on the water's surface，" Zheng introduces his experience with patrols and law enforcement.

For most criminal cases on the lake， the clues can be traced to the shores. By inspecting water areas， shorelines， fishing activities， transport vehicles， and even related companies， the police officers fix their eyes on key groups， links， and areas， and intensify their law enforcement by collaborating with other authorities. They crack down on illegal fishing and angling with electrocution， poison， and dynamite， stop the production and sale of prohibited fishing gear， and curb the processing and sale of illegally caught fish. Adhering to a holistic approach to eradicate the causes of criminal behaviors， they focused on the organized crimes of fish poaching， unlawful transport， and trafficking.

Beyond crime fighting， the police station also shoulders the duties of ecological protection and wildlife aid. In October 2023， the Public Security Bureau of Yugan County set up a first-aid center for rare and endangered wild animals at the police station. Equipped with first-aid kits and professionals from forestry departments， the center shelters and saves injured， trapped or sick migratory birds. During the migration season， the center's members make regular patrols to ensure the earliest possible discovery， aid and release of such birds. In case of serious illness， the police station will， without any delay， transfer these birds to the better-equipped rescue centers in Shangrao or Nanchang for proper treatment.

To date， the station has rescued 13 cygnets， 3 white storks， 1 gray heron， and 1 crane. "These rescue operations have been recorded in written and visual forms. We are mulling a compact exhibition room by the first-aid center for communication purposes so that locals， especially children， can access these texts， photos and video clips and develop an awareness of protecting migratory birds and Poyang Lake，" Zheng spoke of his plan with a smile flashing across his face.

（ Translated by Zhang Yanzhou ）