桂东引种香合欢造林成效初报

莫宗明 谭长强 方小玉 李伟彬

摘 要 为调整森林树种结构，提高森林质量和综合效益，广西东部的国有大桂山林场从桂西北天然分布区引种香合欢（Albizia odoratissima）。对其4 年生引种林分进行了调查，结果表明：香合欢具有较好的适应性，林木保存率达到95.3%，平均树高4.19 m，平均胸径4.6 cm，平均冠幅2.36 m，郁闭度0.5，树高和胸径均呈正态分布，主干通直和较通直的林木比例高达77.4%，林木没有遭受中度及以上林业有害生物为害，适宜培育用材林。

关键词 林木引种；人工造林；造林成效；香合欢

中图分类号：S725.1       文献标识码：A   doi：10.13601/j.issn.1005-5215.2024.04.012

Preliminary Report on the Afforestation Effect of Albizia odoratissima Introduced to the East of Guangxi

Mo Zongming1，Tan Changqiang2，Fang Xiaoyu3，Li Weibin4

（1. State-owned Daguishan Forest Farm of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region，Hezhou 542899，China; 2. Institute of Forestry Sciences of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region，Nanning 530002，China; 3. Center for Rescue Research of Terrestrial Wildlife and Monitoring of Epidemic Diseases in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region，Nanning 530028，China; 4. Nanning Wildlife Conservation Station of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region，Nanning 530022，China）

Abstract In order to adjust the structure of forest species and improve forest quality and comprehensive benefits，the State-owned Daguishan Forest Farm located in the east of Guangxi introduced Albizia odoratissima from its natural distribution area in the northwest of Guangxi. The four-year-old introduced forest stands were investigated. The results showed that Albizia odoratissima had good adaptability，the preservation rate of trees reached 95.3%，the average tree height was 4.19 m，the average DBH was 4.6 cm，the average crown width was 2.36 m，and the canopy density was 0.5. The tree height and DBH showed normal distribution，and the proportion of straight and straighter trunk trees was as high as 77.4%. The trees were not damaged by moderate and above forestry pests，and were suitable for cultivating timber forests.

Key words forest tree introduction; artificial afforestation; afforestation effect; Albizia odoratissima

香合欢（Albizia odoratissima）又名土格木、黑格、铁掖蒿、香须树等，是豆科（Leguminosae）合欢属落叶乔木，列入《主要栽培珍贵树种参考名录（2022年）》，在广西壮族自治区主要天然分布于桂西北[1]，根系发达，萌芽力强，耐贫瘠、耐干旱，具有根瘤固氮作用[2]，能改良土壤和保持水土。其木材坚硬[3]，纹理致密，心材颜色较深，多呈巧克力色、褐色，抗虫耐腐，不容易开裂和变形，是家具、木地板、建筑等优质用材，具有极高的经济价值。冠形良好，具有较高的园林观赏价值。

广西国有大桂山林场位于广西东部，部分林地由于长时间营造单一树种桉树（Eucalyptus spp.），林地土壤出现轻度退化，土壤有机质、全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、全钾、速效钾等多种养分含量均不同程度下降[4]，养分供应不平衡，桉树生长不良，单位面积木材产量低，森林生态系统稳定性不高。因此，适当引种香合欢等高价值珍贵树种，合理调整森林树种结构，充分发挥森林生态效益、经济效益、社会效益等多功能效益，对促进森林可持续经营和助力乡村振兴具有重要意义。

1 材料与方法

1.1 材料

1.1.1 试验地概况 香合欢引种造林试验地位于广西壮族自治区东部的贺州市八步区国有大桂山林场六排分场，111°41′54″E， 24°8′21″N，海拔245 m。地处南亚热带季风气候区，年平均气温19.7  ℃，7月份平均气温30  ℃，1月份平均气温14  ℃；无霜期300 d，冬暖夏凉，年平均日照时数1 751 h；年平均降水量1 551 mm，降雨主要集中在5—8月，雨热同季。林地成土母岩为砂页岩，土壤类型为赤红壤，土层厚度45 cm，土壤pH为5.5。造林前林地类型为桉树商品林采伐迹地。