万宇婧
这部纪录片的语速非常慢,很适合同步跟读与模仿。台词中含有大量的从句,对同学们的写作有很大的帮助。与此同时,欣赏大自然中的虫鸣鸟叫与树叶沙沙声,也能为大家的学习增添美感。在这一期,小编节选了北极圈与赤道的不同生态风景的片段,带大家领略冰雪世界与热带雨林的极致反差。
这部名为《绿色星球》(The Green Planet)的纪录片由被誉为“世界自然纪录片之父”的大卫·爱登堡爵士担任配音解说,由英国广播公司影业公司耗时四年制作,拍摄地遍布27 个国家和地区,展示跨越20 余年的新发现,揭示鲜为人知的植物世界。这是继《植物私生活》(The Private Life of Plants) 之后,英国广播公司(BBC)纪录片的镜头再次聚焦到植物隐秘而精彩的世界。本片运用机器人技术、移动延时摄影、超精细热像仪、深焦 “叠帧”和超高速技术等全新科技,以壮丽的镜头语言深入检视人眼无法观测的微观世界,结合植物科学最新发现,为观众呈现地球上隐秘却又奇妙的植物世界,再次更新人类对生命的理解。
剧情简介
在本片中,我们可以透过特制摄像机的镜头,近距离观察植物的真实生活——穿越雨林、潜入水底、纵贯四季、横跨荒漠,最终还将返回人类的领地,深入了解这些与人类休戚与共的盟友。这部纪录片共分为五集,将从环境、种类等不同角度讲述植物的故事:热带雨林里以百万计数的生物群落,河流和小溪中千姿百态的水生世界,雪域荒原或是沙漠之中的绝境……冬去春来,四季扭转,周而复始。
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这个片段是第一集的开头,为大家揭开这部全新纪录片的神秘面纱。这部纪录片为何名为《绿色星球》?植物到底有多重要?看完这部纪录片,大家一定会对自然万物的共生关系有更深刻的理解。
The biggest living thing that exists on this planet is a plant, like thisgiant Sequoia tree in California. Plants, whether they are 1)enormouslike this one or microscopic are the basis of all life, including ourselves.We depend upon them for every mouthful of food that we eat, andevery lungful of air that we breathe. Plants 2)flourish in remarkableways. Yet for the most part, the secrets of their world have been hiddenfrom this, until now. Now, we have new ground-breaking technologythat enable us to enter their 3)extraordinary world, and see their livesfrom their 4)perspective.
This series will reveal the extraordinary and dramatic ways in whichplants behave. And we will explore the challenges demanded by thevery different landscapes in which they live. The tropics, the richestand most competitive place in which to survive. The bizarre waterworld, where giants fight 5)ferocious battles, and plants eat animals—alive! Deserts, the world of extremes. Seasonal lands, where survivaldepends on precision timing. And everywhere we will explore the criticaland 6)intimate relationships between plants and animals, includingourselves.
Join me, in a world that takes you by surprise, see our planet asnever before, from the plants perspective. This is The Green Planet.
1) enormous adj. 巨大的;極大的
2) flourish v. 茁壮成长;繁荣
3) extraordinary adj. 非同寻常的
4) perspective n. 角度;观点
5) ferocious adj. 残忍的;激烈的
6) intimate adj. 亲密的;私人的
说起地球上最为高大的生物,我们一定会想到植物。例如这棵位于美国加利福尼亚州的巨杉。植物, 无论是巨杉这样的参天大树,还是个体十分微小的植物,都为包括人类在内的所有生命提供了物质基础。我们生存所需的每一口食物,呼吸的每一口空气,都离不开植物。地球上的植物种类多样,繁荣兴盛。然而,在它们的世界中,绝大多数的秘密至今依然不为人知。如今,我们利用前沿技术,得以进入这一鲜为人知的奇妙世界,以植物自身的视角,体验它们的生活。
这部纪录片将为我们揭示众多植物非同寻常、精妙绝伦的行为。我们还将探索截然不同的生存环境向它们提出的严酷挑战。雨林天地,这里是地球上生物物种最为丰富但竞争也最激烈的地区。奇特的水生世界,巨型植物激烈对战,植物吞噬动物——活生生的。荒漠世界,拥有超乎想象的极致环境。在季节变化明显的地区,生存取决于精准的时机把握。每一集节目中,我们都将关注植物与动物,乃至与我们人类之间,重要而密切的关系。
让我们一起,步入这个奇妙的绿色世界,以植物的视角另辟蹊径,重新审视我们的地球。欢迎收看《绿色星球》。
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very 不只是“非常”
原文: ...the very different landscapes in which they live.
1. 用作副词,表示“很”“非常”。
(1)主要用来修饰形容词或副词的原级,但不能修饰比较级。
【例】This book is much cheaper. 这本书便宜得多。
注:very 不能修饰比较级,但有时可用来修饰最高级( 放在定冠词之后)。
【例】This is the very best dictionary. 這是最好的词典。
注: very 通常不修饰由 most 构成的最高级。
(2)用于修饰 own、first、last、next、same 等词,加强语气。
【例】She was wearing the very same shoes as me. 她与我穿的鞋子完全一样。
You can keep this for your very own. 你可以把这个留给自己用。
(3)某些词语通常不用 very 修饰。
误:very asleep / very awake / very alone
正:fast asleep / wide awake / all alone
2. 用作形容词,意为“正是”“恰是”,通常与 the、this、that、my、your 等连用。
【例】The very idea. 真是个馊主意。
You are the very man I want to see. 你正是我想要见的人。
At that very moment the phone rang. 就在那时电话铃响了。
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为了适应四季更迭的极端天气,植物也有自己的生存法则。在加拿大的北方森林,糖槭树全力生长的同时也有窃贼虎视眈眈。动物之间的竞争、糖槭树的伺机生长、树叶的光合作用,让人看见一幅格外生动有趣的画面。
This is the 7)boreal forest, the largest foreston Earth. 750 billion trees 8)smothered by snowthroughout the winter. This is the northernmostboundary of an extraordinary world. Im standingat the edge of the Arctic Circle. To the north of me,lies a land dominated for most of the year by snowand ice. 3000 miles to the south, the tropics, bathedthe year round in warm sunshine, and in between,a very different world, dominated by 9)relentlesschange.
An endless cycle of fourdistinct seasons, each with itsown challenges. The short,freezing days of winter,give way to the urgentawakening of spring.And the long hot days of summer, yield to thecooling of autumn. Opportunities will be brief.To survive these extremes, plants have notonly got to be hardly and resilient, but manyof them have developed special strategies, inorder to meet the demands of this seasonalworld. To succeed, they must get their timingjust right. For months now, this world hasbeen asleep. But change is coming.
7) boreal adj. 北方的
8) smother v. 完全覆盖
9) relentless adj. 不停的;持续的
10) sap n. (植物的)汁;液
11) syrup n. 糖浆;果汁
12) vapour n. 蒸汽
词组加油站
meet the demand 满足需求
Spring is on its way. In Canada, theforests are starting to stir. Throughout thewinter, the sugar maples here have keptstores of nutrients ready for this moment.Now, as temperatures start to rise, thosenutrients must be brought up from theroots. 10)Sap is on the rise. Fuelfor new green growth. But justas growth reaches full speed,robbers arrive.
A sapsucker, a thief, insearch of maple 11)syrup. Thetree can tolerate hundreds of wounds, but if they completely encircle the trunk,the tree will eventually die. The sapsuckers break-inhasnt gone unnoticed. Hummingbirds, squirrels andinsects, all invade the sapsuckers territory, trying tosteal a meal. But unwitting, they help the tree. Timespent chasing the competition means less time todrill new holes. The tree gets a chance to repair itswounds, and the sap can rise freely again.
So this year at least, the tree will once produceits leaves. Hundreds of miniature solar panels thatcollect energy from the sunlight. Each leave iscovered by millions of microscopic pores, stomata.They take in carbon dioxide and release oxygenand water 12)vapour, in a process that produces highenergy fuel. All the trees here, can now use that fuelto grow over the coming months.
這是位于加拿大的北方森林。作为地球上最大的森林,这里有7500 亿棵树。冬季,这里被白雪覆盖。这道北方边界守护的是一个奇妙的世界。我现在所处的位置是北极圈的边缘。在我的北边,是一片终年冰雪覆盖的土地。在大约4800 千米之外的南方是热带地区,那里全年沐浴温暖的阳光。而在这两者之间是一个截然不同、极富变化的世界。
四个特征鲜明的季节更迭循环,每个季节里都存在不同的挑战。光照短暂而寒冷的冬日,会给匆忙苏醒的春天让路。而炎热漫长的夏日之后,便会迎来凉爽的秋季。机会转瞬即逝。要在这样的极端环境下生存,植物不仅要具备坚韧的品质和较强的适应力,而且有不少植物发展出了特殊的策略,以应对四季更迭带来的挑战。要想成功,它们必须把握好时机。眼下这个世界已经沉睡好几个月了,变化即将来临。
春天的脚步近了。在加拿大,森林里面春意萌动。糖槭在整个冬季储存了大量养分,它们为这一刻做好了准备。此时,随着气温的回升,糖槭必须将这些养分从根部向上输送。树液逐渐增多,为新叶的生长提供养分。但就在它们全速生长时,窃贼来了。
黄腹吸汁啄木鸟,这名窃贼正在寻找槭糖浆。糖槭能忍受数百个伤口,但如果啄木鸟把树干的周身都凿满洞,糖槭就难以生存。不过黄腹吸汁啄木鸟的闯入,也惊动了周遭。红喉北蜂鸟、松鼠,还有昆虫,它们纷纷来到黄腹吸汁啄木鸟的地盘,伺机偷食。它们的行为无意间帮助了糖槭。黄腹吸汁啄木鸟需要花时间驱赶竞争者,也就顾不上去凿更多的洞了。糖槭因此有了自我修复的时间,树液也得以源源不断输送到树木顶端。
至少在今年,糖槭的新叶实现了快速生长。成百上千的小型太阳能板,开始收集来自太阳的能量。每一片树叶上都分布着数不清的微型气孔,树木可以通过它们吸收二氧化碳,释放氧气和水蒸气,并在这个过程中产生高能“燃料”。在接下来的几个月里,所有的树木,都将依赖这些“燃料”持续生长。
考点解析
to the north 与in/on the north 的区别
原文:to the north of me.../ 3000 miles to the south...
介词to、in、on 与方位词结合可以表示不同的范围。
(1)to the east/west/south/north of 表示“在某范围外的东部/ 西部/ 南部/北部”。
【例】Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国的东部。
Nanjing is to the west of Shanghai. 南京在上海的西部。
(2)in the east/west/south/north of 表示“在某范围内的东部/ 西部/ 南部/北部”。
【例】The teachers office is in the southeast of the classroom building. 教师办公室在教学楼的东南部。
The city is in the east of China. 那座城市在中国的东部。
(3)on the east/west/south/north of 表示“邻接……的东部/ 西部/ 南部/北部”。
【例】Zhejiang is on the southeast of Jiangsu. 浙江与江苏的东南部接壤。
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糖槭,又称糖枫,属落叶大乔木。表面亮绿色,背面银白色,秋季变为美丽的黄色或红色。糖槭容易栽植,成长速度快。
原产北美洲的糖槭,会把叶片光合作用产生的糖类转化为淀粉,贮存在树干及根部,为漫长冬日“囤粮”。落叶之后,贮藏的淀粉又被它慢慢转化为蔗糖。这些糖分不仅可以用来维持生存,还能增加细胞渗透压、抵抗寒冷,同时也可作为新叶萌发的养料。
糖槭是目前唯一一種商业上用于糖浆生产的树。糖槭采糖的方式是收集树汁。冬末春初,树干中的树液开始流动,人们便开始钻孔采糖液。糖槭液汁可浓缩成糖浆食用,具有特殊风味,还常用来制作蜜饯、糖果等。
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热带雨林的物产极其丰富,这丰富的资源造就了大自然的物竞天择。在马来西亚群岛,你可以看到世界上最大的花与各种参天大树,也可以探寻加里曼丹岛的各种神奇动物。
Borneo. Here, on the 13)slopes of Mount Kinabalu,live plants that eat animals using 14)pitcher-shaped leavesfull of water. Insects are attracted by the expectation ofnectar, but tumble into the pitcher, where theyre drownedand absorbed.
On the lower slopes of the mountain, a plant grows thathas no leaves at all, or even a stem! All that can be seen isthis, a bud. It is a parasite. The rest of its bodylies within the tissues of a liana, on which itfeeds. After about five years, the bud finallyopens into a 15)monstrousflower. It now has only aday or so in which to be16)pollinatedbefore it starts to wither. Its petals are the colour of blood.Their surface is 17)tough and warty. Itappears to have fur, even whiskersand teeth. At first sight, it might bemistaken for a dead animal. Thisis Rafflesia, the corpse flower.A metre across, its the worldsbiggest flower, and this one isa male. From its centre comesthe pungent odour of death. Its ascent that might not appeal to everyanimal. But its very attractive to carrionflies. If this male Rafflesias strategy isto work, the fly carrying its pollen, mustnow visit a female corpse flower. Oncepollinated, plants are able to produceseeds, the next generation. But onceagain, there are animals all over the forestthat are eager to make a meal of them.
The Malay archipelago, a vast tropicalworld of a thousand islands. Its hometo giants, the tallest trees in the tropics,many of which live for centuries. They produce seeds in enormous numbers, but only do so when the timeis right. This individual hasnt produced a single seed for nearly adecade. But in the last weeks, it has become festooned, with morethan ten thousands of them. Each seed has the potential to producea giant, like its parent.
Seed-hunters are gathering. Beardedpigs. But these seeds have been producedby a dipterocarp. Trees that create thetropical worlds largest seed 18)nursery.After years of waiting, thousandsupon thousands of individualdipterocarps have synchronised toproduce the next generation all atexactly the same time. By releasingbillions of seeds all at the sametime, they swamp the pigs and anyother animals, with more that theycould possible eat. And that buys timefor some of the seeds to take root andsprout. But a seeding will have to overcomemany more dangers over the years, if it too isto become a giant. And there are many ways ina tropical forest, by which a trees life can beended before it reaches its prime.
13) slope n. 斜坡
14) pitcher n. 大水罐
15) monstrous adj. 巨大的
16) pollinate v. 授粉
17) tough adj. 堅韧的;困难的
18) nursery n. 苗圃;温床
词组加油站
be mistaken for 被误认为……
be eager to 渴望
这里是加里曼丹岛。在基纳巴卢山上,有这样一种植物,叶子宛如水瓶,里面盛满了液体,伺机捕食动物。那些被蜜糖吸引而来的昆虫,通常有去无回,落入瓶中,难逃被淹死并消化分解的厄运。
在山坡低处,生长着一种根本没有叶子的植物。它甚至连茎都没有!我们能看到的只有这个,它的花苞。这是一种寄生生物,它身体的其余部分侵入了一种藤本植物的组织中,从中获取养分。大约五年之后,花苞终于绽放,变成可怕的巨型花朵。它只有一天左右的时间完成授粉,之后就会逐渐枯萎。它的花瓣呈血红色,表面质地坚硬,凹凸不平。这朵花似乎长了绒毛,甚至还长了胡须和牙齿。乍看之下,它可能会被误认为是一具动物尸体。
这就是凯氏大王花,又被称为腐尸花。凯氏大王花的直径能达到一米,是世界上最大的花。这是一朵雄性花,花朵中央散发着一股刺鼻的腐臭气味。不是所有的动物都能接受这种气味。但这种臭味会吸引丽蝇。若这朵雄花想成功授粉,携带花粉的丽蝇现在必须造访一朵雌花。一旦顺利授粉,植物就能结出种子,也就是下一代。不过森林里同样生活着一群以种子为食的动物。
这里是马来群岛,数不胜数的岛屿组成了一个广阔的热带世界。参天大树随处可见。这里拥有热带地区最高的树木,其中很多存活了成百上千年。这些树木能够产生大量的种子,但它们必须等待合适的时机。这棵大树,在此前的十年里没有结出一颗种子,但在最近的几周里,它的枝头上硕果累累,结出了上万颗种子。每颗种子都有可能像父辈那样成为参天大树。
喜食种子的动物们聚了过来,例如这只婆罗洲须猪。但是这些种子来自一棵龙脑香科植物。这类植物堪称热带世界最大的种子圃。经过多年的等待,成千上万棵龙脑香科植物结出的下一代种子,在几乎完全相同的时间成熟了。数以亿计的种子同时从树上落下,令婆罗洲须猪和其他动物应接不暇,它们根本吃不过来。这就给一些种子赢得了生根发芽的时间。但是如果这株树苗想要成长为参天大树,就必须在今年后的若干年里,设法克服各种各样的困难。热带森林中存在诸多不利因素,它们都有可能导致一棵树在进入壮年之前就宣告生命的结束。
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加里曼丹岛分属马来西亚、文莱和印度尼西亚,是世界上唯一一个分属三国领土的岛屿。这里是世界上除了亚马孙河流域外,物种最丰富的雨林地区之一。这里的动植物资源极为丰富,可谓东南亚最出名的物种基因库。这里的森林覆盖率超过98%,临海湿地和雨林资源丰富,热带温润的气候造就了茂密的植被,也孕育着众多奇珍异兽,如红毛猩猩、长鼻猴、婆罗洲矮象、犀鸟等。此地终年高温多雨,生物多样性极其丰富,古老民族众多。
马来西亚最高峰——基纳巴卢山,位于马来西亚沙巴州境内,是旅游胜地与极佳的动植物科研区域。峰顶的高度几乎是加里曼丹岛其他山峰的两倍,天然花岗岩的顶部高耸入云的景象令人叹为观止。基纳巴卢山位于马来西亚沙巴的基纳巴卢山国家公园内。这座国家公园于1964 年建立,它以茂密的原始森林、珍贵的自然资源环境而闻名于世。因其特殊的地理结构,基纳巴卢山国家公园拥有4000 种以上的植物,包括从低海拔的热带植物到高海拔的寒带植物,成为世界上罕见的植物生态汇合地,2000 年被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》。