Kronborg Castle科隆博格城堡

熊娟娟

科隆博格城堡，中世紀防御工事与文艺复兴华丽融合的宫殿，是丹麦丰富历史的标志性见证。 它巍峨雄伟，气象森严，是丹麦最负盛名的宫廷建筑之一，也是丹麦人民重要的民族象征。让我们阅读本文，一同细细品味这座承载着王室辉煌与文化的宫殿的深厚底蕴吧！

Located on a strategically important site commanding the Sund，the stretch of water between Denmark and Sweden， the Royal castleof Kronborg at Helsing?r （Elsinore） is of immense symbolic value to theDanish people and played a key role in the history of northern Europein the 16th–18th centuries. Originally built as a 1）fortress by KingEric VII of Denmark， it served as a strategic stronghold to protect thenorthern coastline of Denmark and control the entrance to the ?resundStrait.

During the Renaissance Period， significant expansions andrenovations transformed Kronborg castle into a magnificentRenaissance-style edifice. Under the reign of King Frederik II in the16th century， the castle was reconstructed， ensuring its status as oneof the main royal residences in Denmark and a masterpiece of DanishRenaissance architecture.

As a matter of fact， over the centuries， Kronborg Castle hasundergone several alterations. In 1629 the castle was destroyed by afire， but it was rebuilt shortly after in almost precisely the same shape.In 1658 the fortress was 2）bombarded and conquered by the Swedisharmy， which subsequently plundered the castle. In 1785， when themilitary moved into the castle， several alterations were made to theinterior space. In 1924–1938， when the military no longer occupiedthe fortress， a thorough restoration took place and the alterations wereremoved.

Throughout the years， the fortifications surrounding the castlehave been altered and expanded to accommodate new arms and theirranges. In 1882， when the Elsinore shipyard was founded， the fortressarea was partially destroyed. After the 3）closure and demolition of partsof the shipyard in 1982， restoration projects were carried out in order torestore and re-establish the fortified areas previous size and shape forthe purpose of enhancing the castles strategic value.

Kronborg Castle is renowned for its impressive architecturalstyle， which reflects the transition from a defensive fortress toa magnificent Renaissance palace. The castles architectureseamlessly blends elements of medieval fortification with thegrandeur of Renaissance design， creating a unique and visuallystriking structure.

The 4）exterior of Kronborg Castle is marked by its imposingtowers， elegant turrets， and intricately carved stone decorations.The interior features grand halls adorned with elaborate murals，ornate ceilings， and 5）opulent furnishings， showcasing theopulence and sophistication of Renaissance architecture.

Throughout history， Kronborg Castle played various roles，serving not only as a royal residence but also as a center forpolitical and cultural activities. It is also closely associated with theworks of the renowned English playwright William Shakespeare，particularly his play Hamlet， where the “Elsinore Castle” is basedon Kronborg Castle.

Today， Kronborg Castle stands as a national treasure and aUNESCO World Heritage site， attracting visitors from around theworld. The castle houses a wealth of historical artifacts and artworks，showcasing the splendid history of the Danish 6）monarchy. Thesurrounding gardens and coastline offer visitors a chance to appreciatethe magnificent views of the palace and enjoy the natural beauty ofDenmark.

1） fortress n. 堡壘；要塞

2） bombard v. 炮击；轰炸

3） closure n. 关闭

4） exterior n. 外观；外貌

5） opulent adj. 富裕的；豪华的

6） monarchy n. 君主制

赫尔辛格的科隆博格城堡位于一个重要的战略要塞上，居高临下面对丹麦和瑞典交界的桑德水域，对丹麦人具有巨大的象征意义，在16 世纪至18 世纪的北欧历史中发挥了重要作用。最初它是由丹麦国王埃里克七世建造的一座城堡，作为一处战略要塞，旨在保护丹麦的北海岸线并控制进入厄勒海峡的入口。

文艺复兴时期，科隆博格城堡经历了重要的扩建和改建，被打造成了一座宏伟的文艺复兴宫殿。在16 世纪，丹麦国王腓特烈二世下令将科隆博格城堡进行改建，确立了其作为丹麦主要王室住所之一和丹麦文艺复兴建筑的杰作的地位。

事实上，几百年来，科隆博格城堡经历了数次改建。1629 年，城堡被一场大火摧毁，但很快以几乎相同的形状重建。1658 年，瑞典军队轰炸并侵占了这座城堡，随后又洗劫了该城堡。1785 年，军队进驻城堡时对内部空间进行了几处改造。1924—1938 年，军队撤离这座堡垒后，丹麦人对其进行了彻底的修复，并拆除了改建工程。

多年来，城堡周围的防御工事进行了改建和扩建，以存放新的武器和适应射程。1882 年，埃尔西诺造船厂成立时，部分堡垒区被摧毁。1982 年，造船厂关闭和拆除之后，丹麦人对其被修复，恢复和重新建立堡垒区先前的规模和形状，以增强城堡的战略价值。

科隆博格城堡以其令人印象深刻的建筑风格而闻名，这一风格体现了从防御性要塞到宏伟的文艺复兴宫殿的过渡。城堡的建筑风格将中世纪防御要塞的元素与文艺复兴设计的宏伟融合在一起，创造出了一座独特而引人注目的建筑。

科隆博格城堡的外部以其雄伟的塔楼、优雅的尖塔和精美雕刻的石制装饰而著称。城堡内部设有装饰华丽的大厅，墙壁上绘有精美的壁画，天花板上雕刻着精美的图案，同时配有豪华的家具，展示了文艺复兴建筑的奢华和精致。

纵观历史，科隆博格城堡在丹麦历史上扮演了多重角色，不仅是王室住所，还是政治和文化活动的中心。它还与著名的英国剧作家威廉·莎士比亚的作品密切相关，特别是他的戏剧《哈姆雷特》，其中的“埃尔西诺城堡”就是以科隆博格城堡为原型。

如今，科隆博格城堡作为丹麦的国家宝藏和联合国教科文组织世界遗产，吸引着来自世界各地的游客。城堡内陈设着丰富的历史文物和艺术品，展示了丹麦王室的辉煌历史。城堡周围的花园和海岸线也为游客提供了欣赏城堡壮丽景色和享受丹麦自然风光的绝佳机会。