星星之家*

贾克博·诺德森

未来几十年间，全世界人口增量的大部分将来自于撒哈拉以南的非洲。预计到2050 年，撒哈拉以南非洲的人口数量将翻一番，达到25 亿。人口的迅速增长意味着需要建造数以百万计的新住房，而这也恰好为研究可持续的低成本住房提供了机会。这种低成本住房需要应对疟疾、腹泻和呼吸道感染等在该地区肆虐的可预防性疾病。

发起“星星之家*”项目的目的是证明在撒哈拉以南非洲等炎热的热带气候地区，经过特定设计的住宅可以对家庭健康状况起到改善作用。该项目在坦桑尼亚南部姆特瓦拉地区的60 个村庄中建造了110 座带独立厕所的实验性住宅，并将在未来3 年内将居住在实验性住宅的居民的健康状况与居住在该地区440座对照住宅中的居民的健康状况进行比较。这是首次使用住宅作为医疗干预措施的随机对照试验的一部分。

“星星之家*”的设计集合了昆虫学、公共卫生和被动式设计等领域的最新研究成果，试图通过整体环境的提升来改善家庭健康状况。这个项目将跨学科的、科学导向的顾问团队所提供的多种健康干预措施结合为一体，并最终由建筑学背景的团队落地呈现。建筑团队还确保了住宅和厕所的成本合理、坚固耐用，并可以直接在当地建造。

Ingvartsen 建筑事务所的主创建筑师兼总监贾克博·诺德森负责“星星之家*”的建筑设计。曼谷玛希隆大学热带医学系的牛津大学-玛希隆大学研究所教授洛伦兹· 冯· 赛德莱恩，以及牛津大学纳菲尔德医学部博士研究生、CSK 研究方案公司总监萨拉姆·姆沙木负责领导临床研究，研究将在2024 年完成。□（母卓尔 译）

Sub-Saharan Africa will account for most of the world's population growth over the coming decades,with the number of people expected to double to 2.5 billion by 2050.This population growth will necessitate the construction of millions of new homes but also presents an opportunity to create sustainable low-cost housing that addresses preventable diseases that heavily impact the region,such as malaria,diarrhoea,and respiratory infections.

The aim of the Star Homes* Project is to demonstrate the impact that a well-designed house can have on improving family health in hot,tropical climate zones,such as Sub-Saharan Africa.110 improved houses with separate latrines were constructed in 60 villages throughout the Mtwara region in southern Tanzania,and the health of residents will be compared to those living in 440 control homes in the area over the next three-year period.This is part of the first randomised control trial using a house as a medical intervention.

The Star Homes* design brings together the latest innovations in entomology,public health,and passive design in a holistic approach to improve family wellbeing.It combines multiple health interventions from the interdisciplinary,science-driven consultancy team,which were synthesised by the architecture team.The architecture team also ensured that the house and latrine remained cost-effective,robust,and could be constructed locally.

1 展馆空间 Pavilion front space

2 人们在欣赏展馆 People admiring the pavilion

Ingvartsen Architects,with lead project architect and director Jakob Knudsen,were responsible for the design and architecture.Lorenz von Seidlein,an associate professor at the Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit(MORU),Faculty of Tropical Medicine of Mahidol University in Bangkok,and Salum Mshamu,a PHD fellow at the Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine at the University of Oxford and director at CSK Research Solutions,are heading the clinical study,which is due to be completed in 2024.