博山豆腐箱,开盖有惊喜

2024-01-25 17:42杨眉
走向世界 2024年1期
关键词:小箱子博山馅料

杨眉

有人说,美食不在于价格的高低,而在于能否让食客心情愉悦;有人说,美食不求华丽,只求真诚,一份用心制作的菜肴,无论简单还是复杂,都能打动人心;有人说,美食是一种艺术,一种文化,一种情感……在淄博博山,最平凡的烹饪材料——豆腐,由厨师粗料细做后变身为豆腐箱,既是本地人隔三差五解馋开胃的家常菜肴,也是在外游子心心念着的“故乡味”,还是适合外地客人尝鲜的风味小吃。博山豆腐箱不仅是一道美食,更是一种生活方式,既传承了当地的历史和文化,又体现了当地人的创新和智慧。

豆腐是中華民族最为传统的美食原料,其起源可以追溯到汉代。李时珍《本草纲目》记载:“豆腐之法,始于汉淮南王刘安。”1960年河南密县发掘的东汉墓中,有豆腐作坊的画像石,可见豆腐历史之悠久。豆腐遍及各地,惟博山豆腐在制作上异于他地,不用卤水制作,也不用石膏来当凝固剂,而是用“酸浆”点脑,压制而成。用这种方法做出的豆腐质地紧实强韧,不管如何烹饪,不塌不散,能制作出多种风味菜品,博山豆腐箱就是其中最有代表性的菜品之一。

顾名思义,豆腐箱是一道以豆腐为主料的菜。简单点说,就是用豆腐做成一个个小箱子,打开盖子,里面是香气四溢的馅料,美味的肉汁慢慢地滋润进豆腐里,“孕他味于腹中”,风味交融,汤汁醇厚。

寻究博山豆腐箱的渊源,民间有三个不同的传说版本。相传清康熙六年,康熙微服来到博山看望他的老师孙廷铨。孙廷铨急忙召集长子孙宝仍及家厨商议接驾圣宴,席间精心安排了一道以家乡豆腐为主料的豆腐箱,里面装有本地精致的山珍美味。康熙食后赞不绝口并问及菜名,早有准备的孙宝仍答道:此菜名曰“开箱取宝”。康熙看到孙廷铨不但治国有谋,且家教有方,就连菜名寓意都如此吉祥,龙颜大悦,亲书“为帝者师”匾额相赠,还让孙宝仍出任光禄寺掌醢署署正。第二个传说流传较广,《博山区志》也有记载:“博山豆腐箱,博山传统名菜,已有几百年历史。相传,清乾隆皇帝南巡时特意来博山瞻仰孙廷铨的故居,品尝了豆腐箱赞不绝口。”第三个传说抛开了帝王将相的帝尝御封之言,直接起源于平民厨师之手。说是在清咸丰年间,博山大街南头的张姓厨师为款待昔日京城旧主而创制了此菜。

博山豆腐箱刚出现时是一个大箱形装馅而成,食用不太方便,心灵手巧的厨师就在原来的基础上加以改进,缩成了十几个小箱子,然后再垒凑成一个大箱形,才有了今天这种便于食用且造型美观的豆腐箱。随着饮食业的发展,博山豆腐箱逐渐升格为“三台席”“四四席”的大件之一,因独特的做法及风味更是登上了人民大会堂国宴之列,深受中外宾客的关注和喜爱。2018年,博山豆腐箱被评为“山东十大经典名菜”之一。如今,博山豆腐箱走进了寻常百姓家,走进大大小小的博山菜馆里,成了人们必点的一道菜。令食客惊喜的是,博山豆腐箱不但甄选多种食材为馅料,就连箱子的形状也从传统的长方形发展到圆形、元宝、鱼形等多种形状,食客们不仅有更多口味选择,还能感受“都福”的吉祥用意。

做博山豆腐箱是件费时费工的事,需要先将豆腐切成长6厘米、宽厚2厘米的长块,用花生油炸至金黄色捞出,再在豆腐块的上端切开一块皮,一侧不切断,挖出内里豆腐,填上调好的馅料,盖好“箱盖”。馅料有三鲜馅(海米、虾仁、猪肉)、蟹黄馅、鸡肉馅等多种。装好馅料的箱子垛成塔形,上笼蒸约10分钟取出。最后将用木耳、黄瓜片、西红柿片等做好的芡汁均匀地浇在上面,一道色泽鲜亮、香气浓郁的博山豆腐箱就做好了。

出锅后的博山豆腐箱金黄油亮、外酥里嫩,箱内原料滑嫩烫口、香气扑鼻,箱外汤汁柔和绵长、诱人食欲。金黄色的小箱子封锁住了丰富的内在,让人忍不住想“开箱取宝”,一探究竟。夹一筷子放入口中,素荤巧妙搭配出的酸甜鲜美,最是撩人味蕾;咬一口,皮韧馅嫩,满口留香……其香其美,是语言和文字表达不出来的,只有亲口品尝才能感受到这道美食的无比妙趣。

“已识乾坤大,犹怜草木青。”用这句诗来形容气象万千的博山豆腐箱再合适不过了。从一家老小的家常菜到款待宾客的“四四宴”,从民间小吃到国宴菜肴,博山豆腐箱诠释着鲁中地区先民们对美好生活不断追求、积极向上的愿望,象征着一代代博山人拼搏又包容的精神。它给予食客的不仅仅是舌尖上的味蕾盛宴,展现更多的是中华饮食文化的独特魅力,是三百多年岁月沉淀出的更深更长的“文化味”。

编辑/刁艳杰

Tofu is everywhere, but Boshan tofu differs in preparation. It neither is made in brine, nor has gypsum as the coagulant, but is made by pressing upon the use of “sour slurry”. Tofu made in this way is compact and firm in texture, and does not fall apart no matter how you cook it. It can be made into various flavored dishes, and Boshan tofu box is one of the most iconic dishes.

In the beginning, Boshan tofu box was a large piece of box-shaped tofu with stuffing, which was inconvenient to eat. Ingenious cooks made improvements on the original basis, shrank it into a dozen of small boxes, and then piled up into a big box, thereby presenting the present-day edible and attractive tofu box. With the development of catering, Boshan tofu box has been selected into the state banquet at the Great Hall of the People in reliance upon its unique preparation method and flavor, and has been well received by both Chinese and foreign guests. In 2018, Boshan tofu box was rated as one of“Shandong’s Top 10 Classic Dishes”.

The finished Boshan tofu box is golden, glossy, crispy on the outside, and tender on the inside. The stuffing in the box is tender, hot and fragrant; the broth outside the box is mellow and appetizing. The small golden box locks its internal abun- dance, making diners cannot help but “open the box to take the treasure”. After taking a bite, you can taste the tantalizing sweetness and sourness from the clever combination of meat and vegetable. Only by tasting can you feel the incomparable wisdom contained in this dish.

From a home-style dish for family members to the “Quartet Feast”for guests, from a folk snack to a state banquet dish, Boshan tofu box interprets the ancestors’ constant pursuit of a better life and positive aspiration in central Shandong, and symbolizes the perseverance and inclusiveness of the Boshan people from generation to generation.

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