Abstracts
Understanding Chinese Modernization: Vision and Approach
CHEN Dongxiao et al.
Abstract: Chinese-style modernization is Beijings choice to meet the challenges for mankind standing at a crossroads. It will promote the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind and create a new form of human civilization through the absorption and reference of the achievements of advanced human civilization. Chinese-style modernization has both Chinese characteristics and international commonality, and has great guiding significance for the interaction between the international community and China. The path of Chinese modernization determines that China's diplomacy will adhere to independent development, peaceful development, open development, green development, and common development. On the road of Chinese modernization, China is not only a staunch defender of the sustainable development of globalization, but also a powerful source of power for a new round of globalization. China will adhere to the basic national policy of reform and opening up, and unswervingly promote globalization. There is also an intrinsic connection between Chinese modernization and the construction of a new pattern of global partnerships. At the same time, Beijing will implement the concept of international economic cooperation of mutual benefit and common development by improving its independent innovation capabilities. Development is the golden key to solving all problems in the process of Chinese modernization, and overall planning of development and security is a major principle of Chinese modernization. The construction of ecological civilization is a millennium plan related to the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. On the road of Chinese modernization, China will scientifically coordinate and promote ecological civilization and the construction of a beautiful China in stages and in key areas. How to respond to changes in the system and order by participating in global governance and building a community with a shared future for mankind is the key to understanding the essential requirements of Chinese modernization.
Keywords: Chinese modernization, global partnership, Chinese diplomacy, global governance, globalization
Competition and Game in Digital Trade Rulemaking of Great Powers: in the Perspective of Structural Power
YU Nanping and LUAN Xinwei
Abstract: Digital trade rulemaking has become a new issue for international politics and economy. Unlike the traditional trade, the subjects in the game of digital trade rules are more diversified, and different issues shows different discourse power advantages, which is closely related to the sources and dynamics of structural power under the development of digital trade. However, technologys own qualities have generated new connections and interactions in the four structures (production, security, finance, and knowledge), thus deriving a kind of "digital structural power.” It is not only prominently reflected in the positions on key rulemaking issues, but in how a country chooses multilateral/regional trade agreements to facilitate consensus building. In addition, due to the spillover effect of structural power, the competition for digital trade rulemaking has begun to combine with geopolitical competition, promoting the politicization of international trade and economic issues, making it difficult to establish uniform regulation of global digital trade, and promoting the formation of a new international trade and economic order.
Keywords: digital trade rule, digital power, great power competition, technological politicization
Expansion Clauses and Paths of CPTPP and Obstacles of Chinas Accession
ZHANG Tiangui
Abstract: CPTPP expansion clauses consist of “accession” and “accession process.” The expansion process of CPTPP shows great promise, but its paths are relative dispersion. Although from the accession clauses and the first step of expansion, CPTPP plays down the member attribute and purpose of expansion, the future expansion is more likely to be based on the APEC members and presents the picture that is conducive to the establishment of FTAAP. As the key driver of the signing and entry into force of CPTPP, Japans FTA strategy is more enterprising with the accelerated reconstruction of geopolitical and economic pattern, and seeking to promote the regional economic cooperation dominance through CPTPP expansion whenever possible. Stressing the importance of the consensus rule in the CPTPP accession, which further strengthens the barriers at non-high standard rules level to Chinas accession to CPTPP. China not only should engage informally with all CPTPP signatories and have consultations with each party with a view to addressing their questions or concerns on interested area that be encouraged by CPTPP, but also should build and upgrade bilateral FTA with CPTPP signatories and aspirant economies, and should promote RCEP expansion and upgrade that as another possible path to FTAAP to minimize the interference of geopolitical factors especially the risk of geo-economic fragmentation.
Keywords: CPTPP, dispersion of path, Japan factor, bilateral FTA, RCEP
Science and Technological Statecraft: An Analytical Perspective Based on International Relations and Technology Studies
ZHENG Hua and HOU Caihong
Abstract: To achieve its science and technology development goals and create a conducive external development environment, China needs to bolster the top-level design of its "Science and Technology Statecraft." This systematic project involves utilizing science and technology instruments to achieve foreign policy objectives. The existing literature on "science, technology, and international relations" can provide the theoretical foundation for constructing "China's S&T Statecraft." Through an analysis of the structure of scientific institution building, the national identity of scientists, ethics related to science and technology, and S&T diplomacy since the Cold War, research reveals that China's S&T Statecraft must cover at least three distinct aspects. First, there must be a precise study of strategic resource allocation and a clear strategic objective based on an understanding of the international and domestic situation. Second, there must be an efficient transformation from S&T innovation to comprehensive national power, which requires a synthesis of the “government-enterprise/commercial-academia” R&D and technological transformation model. Finally, positive and negative approaches to S&T diplomacy must be employed to enrich the toolbox of foreign policy.
Keywords: science and technology diplomacy, science and technology development, grand strategy, science and technology discourse, global governance
Geopolitical Technology Competition: Limits and Countermeasures in the Biden Administrations Approach to China
QIN Yubin and JIANG Tianjiao
Abstract: As great power competition returns and science and technology continue to advance, driven by the logic of Geopolitics of Technology, the United States finds itself increasingly competing with China. Technology has become the primary source of power, and geographical conditions are conducive to the development of certain technologies. The geopolitics of technology also generates four particular practices in Biden administration: strengthening investment to rebuild internal strength, upgrading unilateral measures for technological competition with China, deepening Indo-Pacific involvement in industrial chains, and building technology containment alliances against China. However, given the limited industrial carrying capacity of Chinas neighboring countries, the lack of a realistic basis for an anti-China alliance, and Chinas active actions, the Biden administrations strategy for technology competition is constrained. As a result, China should make a response that includes building a scientific and technological development model emphasizing self-improvement and openness, constructing a benign competition paradigm focused on bilateral consensus, and cultivating an inclusive global innovation ecosystem through multilateral coordination.
Keywords: Geopolitics of Technology, technology competition, alliance system, neo-techno nationalism
The Biden Administrations Chip Industry Policy: Balancing Dilemmas and Opportunities
ZHANG Xinzhi and TANG Qiaoying
Abstract: The U.S. chip industry policy has undergone a transformation and expansion across three dimensions: domestic support, international cooperation, and export control, culminating in the Biden administrations industrial policy of investing in the domestic chip sector, consolidating alliances, and decoupling technology from China. Nevertheless, this policy is beset by a multi-level compound dilemma due to limitations in the U.S. political and economic environment. These dilemmas include the “information dilemma,” “rent-seeking dilemma,” and “reality dilemma” in policy formulation and implementation, as well as the “tension dilemma” in macro policies and the “pick-a-side-dilemma” in multilateral export controls. As a result, the actual effectiveness of the Biden administrations chip industry policy has fallen short, and upheaval and conflict have arisen in the global chip industry. This raises serious concerns that U.S. policy may have a structural impact on Chinas chip industry, the dispersion of U.S. technological hegemony, and the economic and trade order of the chip industry at all levels. These challenges will reshape the global chip industry pattern and its internal power structure.
Keywords: U.S.-China relations, chip industry policy, semiconductor industry, Chip and Science Act
Adjusting Foreign Policies in Central Asia amid U.S.-China Rivalry
ZENG Xianghong and PANG Weihua
Abstract: The competition between major powers in Central Asia is intensifying and becoming more complex. The United States is engaging in comprehensive competition with China in Central Asia across infrastructure, institutions, security, and concepts to contain China's rise. As a result, there are new trends in foreign policies of Central Asian countries. To effectively safeguard interests in Central Asia and respond to potential policy adjustments, China must handle relations with Central Asian countries, Russia, the United States, and other regional actors. It is particularly important to promote the deepening and implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative and to build Central Asia into a strategic support zone in response to pressure from the United States and the West.
Keywords: China-Central Asia relations, diversification and balancing, Ukraine crisis, neighborhood diplomacy
SCO's Economic Cooperation in the Context of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict: New Situation and New Ideas
CHEN Xiaoding and LUO Run
Abstract: Over the last two decades, the SCOs regional economic cooperation has achieved significant results in institutional guarantee, trade investment, trade facilitation, and platform construction. However, following the Russian-Ukraine conflict, the security situation in Eurasia has become more precarious, and the global political and economic structure has become increasingly turbulent. As a result, the SCO has encountered practical challenges such as a deteriorating macro investment environment, rising geopolitical risks, and intensified external interference. Nevertheless, changes in the global energy trade pattern and the Eurasian situation have highlighted the potential and advantages of the SCOs regional economic cooperation. This has led to further market space expansion, continuous strengthening of strategic cooperation among members, gradual effectiveness of the mechanism, and creating new development opportunities. In the future, the SCO must clarify its development orientation, activate its development momentum, and optimize its development path in response to the new situation of the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
Keywords: Russia-Ukraine conflict, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, regional economic cooperation