Unit 3 The world of science

Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas

基础训练

根据首字母或汉语提示，用本部分所学单词的正确形式填空。  单词拼写

1.All of a sudden， a white light s towards my eyes， and I could see nothing.

2.In any unsafe situation， simply p the button and some highly-trained men will come to help you.

3.If you happen to be very f， I can raise your leg high， possibly to my shoulder.

4.If you leave your headlights on you’ll soon run down the b. You’d better turn them off because the power’s going to be out all night.

5.She seems to have no d to go there. She prefers to stay at home.

6.Everyone believes that she’s perfectly （有能力的） of solving problems by herself.

7.New technology has enabled development of an online （虛拟的） library.

8.He joked they had to depend on a （指南针） and a lot of luck to get there.

9.It’s easy to （计算） your scores， just add your scores for each subject.

10.What impressive （物品）！ You must have put a lot of effort into it.

用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。 选择填空

be capable of  have a strong desire in addition never say never in terms of

1. Both parents and teachers should let kids do tasks that they by themselves.

2. ， and always remember you still have the opportunity to win back.

3. The book is well organised plot. That’s why it is so popular.

4. ， Mr Luo served as a visiting professor at several universities.

5. As a scientist， he always says that he to improve people’s life in some way.

课文语法填空

As we all know， there are four great inventions in Ancient China： gunpowder， papermaking， （print） and the compass. These things （change） the world forever. In today’s world， we are the great new age of technology， and most of the new great inventions are tech-based. For instance， advances in virtual reality and wearable tech， as well as the flexible battery， mean we should soon be seeing （far） developments.

New inventions like 3D printers （use） to make replacement hearts and bone parts. Reduced energy supplies and environmental （pollute） have led to more advances in the technology for new vehicles.

Most inventions start with （recognise） a problem that needs a solution. In terms of the environment， it is possible to create an intelligent walking house， can be eco-friendly because of solar technology. Although there is long way to go to invent a time machine at the moment， we should have a strong desire （think） and create， and what remains important is that we never say never.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

6.   7.   8.   9.   10.

能力提升

阅读理解

I’m sure you’ve used the zipper many times. It can be seen almost everywhere today. But have you ever wondered who invented it？

Whitcomb Judson was an inventor. He had a friend who had a sore back. Judson’s friend couldn’t bend over to tie his shoes. In order to help his friend out， Judson designed what he called a “clasp locker” for him， basically a slide fastener that could be opened and closed with one hand. He patented （獲专利） the idea in 1891. Even though he started his own company to make the clasp locker， Judson didn’t make his invention famous.

The zipper as we know today is a result of the work of a Swedish-American engineer called Gideon Sundback， who worked as head engineer at Judson’s company. Sundback improved on Judson’s design. His design was stronger， faster and more reliable than the former one， and Sundback patented it in 1917， calling it the “separable fastener”. With World War One fully underway， the army used his design on its clothing and equipment for the soldiers， although the invention still hadn’t become popular with the public.

However， that all changed in 1923 when the B. F. Goodrich Company decided to use Sundback’s invention on their new rubber boots. A leader at the company named them zippers after the noise they made， and the name became accepted. As the invention became popular， it caught the attention of fashion designers in France， who used zippers in men trousers.

The zipper not only makes it more convenient to fasten clothing， but plastic zippers are also wind-， dust- and water-proof， and they don’t stick or rust （生锈）. The invention of plastic zippers also meant they could be created in any color， making them another great tool in the fashion industry. Overall， it simply makes life easier for everyone， especially for those with disabilities.

1. Why did Whitcomb Judson create the “clasp locker”？

A. To make a friend’s life easier. B. To help out his own company.

C. To stand out in the fashion industry. D. To avoid the trouble of tying his shoes.

2. What can we learn about the “separable fastener？”

A. It failed to work very well. B. It gained immediate success.

C. It was one of Judson’s designs. D. It got the army’s attention.

3. What can we infer about the zipper in the last paragraph？

A. It is a significant invention. B. It develops people’s interest in art.

C. It requires complex production work. D. It changes people’s attitudes to fashion.

4. What does the text mainly tell us about the zipper？

A. Its benefits. B. Its history. C. Its real inventor. D. Its different designs.

閱读七选五

Characteristics of an Excellent Scientist

The Free Dictionary defines （下定义） a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences， especially natural science or physical science. Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.

Curiosity

Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things worked. If a scientist doesn’t have the drive to ask questions or even wonder， then he/she never gets to the first stage of the scientific process.

Patience

There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. Even if you think you have received some education on science， you still have a lot of scientific research to do.

Ethical qualities

In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good， a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment， since they are linked and they can affect each other in the long run. A scientist must report findings honestly. Sticking to an old belief proved wrong by the evidence （证据） is dishonest.

Working habits

An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation， keeping it in mind and recording it. He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking skills connect him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.

A. Becoming a scientist takes a long time.

B. An excellent scientist must be curious about things.

C. It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.

D. However， that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence.

E. He/She can work well alone or in groups， depending on what’s needed.

F. One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research lab.

G. To make discoveries in human knowledge， you have to think differently.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

Section Ⅱ Using language

基础训练

在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 单句语法填空

1.The landscape of the surroundings is beautiful description.

2.The jeans today have changed very slightly from their （origin） design.

3.In the last few years thousands of films （produce） all over the world.

4.In addition to （be） lighter， this kind of material has other advantages over traditional forms.

5.She lost her job when the factory closed， along hundreds of others.

6.The environment of my hometown （improve） over the past years.

7.We should help those who are （capable） of taking care of themselves.

8.His long and active life must be due his healthy living habits.

9.Global warming is expected to （significant） reduce the amount of the plant.

10.One of the players （injure） his knees and had to be carried off.

用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子。 同义句转换

1. A Chinese scientist has already developed a pen-like computer.

by a Chinese scientist.

2. They have collected more than 8，000 dollars in the past two years.

by them in the past two years.

3. I feel that her story has given me a second life to do something meaningful.

me by her story to do something meaningful. I feel that

4. The volunteers have sent large amounts of teaching equipment to those primary schools.

those primary schools by volunteers.

5. If I have a new idea， I now quickly look to see whether someone else has already thought of it.

by someone else. If I have a new idea， I now quickly look to see whether

根據汉语提示，结合本单元所学语法知识完成句子。 完成句子

（令人瞩目的东西被发明） in the past few years. 1. With the help of high technology， more and more

（被告知很多次） not to swim in that lake， but it doesn’t make any difference. 2. The boys

（從百万人中选出） all over the country in the past two months. 3. All the athletes

（主题已经改变）. 4. Although we don’t know what was discussed， yet we can feel

（被改编成不同的电影） over the past years. 5. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet

能力提升

完形填空

What will man be like in the future？ We can only make a of course， but we can be sure that he will be from what he is today， for man is slowly all the time.

Let us take an example. Man， even 500 years ago， was than he is today. Now， on average， men are about three inches taller. 500 years is a relatively short period of ， so we may guess that man will to grow taller.

Again in modern world we use our a great deal. Even so， we still only about 20% of the brain’s capacity （容量）. As time goes on， we shall have to use our brains more and more and    we shall need even larger ones！ This is likely to a physical change， too. The head in   ， the forehead， will grow larger.

Nowadays our eyes are used. In fact， we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear . But over a long period of time it’s likely that man’s eyes will grow stronger.

On the other hand， we to make less use of our arms and legs. These， as a result， are likely to grow weaker. At the same time， however， our fingers will grow more because they are used a great deal in modern life.

But what about hair？ This will， probably from the body altogether in course of time because it does not a useful purpose any longer.

Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very creature to look at！ In spite of all these changes， future man will still have a lot in with us. He will still be a human being， with and emotions similar to our own.

1. A. guess B. research C. joke D. decision

2. A. different B. safe C. far D. free

3. A. dying B. changing C. growing D. improving

4. A. thinner B. taller C. bigger D. shorter

5. A. journey B. life C. time D. distance

6. A. try B. continue C. begin D. hope

7. A. minds B. heads C. brains D. hearts

8. A. know B. choose C. control D. use

9. A. lately B. finally C. certainly D. generally

10. A. cause B. take C. find D. expect

11. A. total B. trouble C. particular D. addition

12. A. frequently B. practically C. properly D. falsely

13. A. hats B. smiles C. clothes D. glasses

14. A. plan B. mean C. tend D. aim

15. A. unusual B. sensitive C. beautiful D. creative

16. A. suffer B. recover C. disappear D. survive

17. A. have B. keep C. hold D. serve

18. A. attractive B. ugly C. special D. ordinary

19. A. conflict B. competition C. company D. common

20. A. bodies B. thoughts C. mouths D. noses

語法填空

Currently， both women and men are surrounded by magazines and websites full of （tip） about dieting， exercise and fashion. Gone are the days all men had to think about wearing a nice suit to be smart and handsome. Things （change）.

Now， a survey has suggested that 80% of men admit （feel） unhappy about their body. The biggest body issues for them were beer bellies and lack of muscles. Some think it is because the （press） of influence of role models we see on TV and in magazines. People end up with a perception （看法） of what the perfect body should look like. not everybody wants to put in the effort to have perfect muscles like Arnold Schwarzenegger. A designer has even invented a muscle-enhancing shirt （make） the buyer look more of a strong man.

But Joe Warner， the former editor of Men’s Fitness magazine， thinks the muscle-enhancing shirt is just trick. He thinks many people in the country are overweight and should accept they need to do more exercise （regular）. Exercise is always good. But we mustn’t forget （beautiful） is only skin deep. Character is more important than appearance.

1.   2.   3.   4.   5.

6.   7.   8.   9.   10.

短文改錯

As the development of science and technology， our world would change lot in the future. If we like to， we don’t need to go out to buy things， go to the library to read， seeing a doctor in the hospital， and so on. To your joy， it is easy to visit the other planet， such as the Mars. But we will own a tidy and green world because all the energy what we use is from the sun. What’s more， any illness can be cured and many people can live long with a healthier body. All those would be true， I think， through our effort.

Section Ⅲ Developing ideas

基础训练

用所给词的适当形式填空。 单词填空

1.Yesterday we did an experiment on wood to see whether it heat， and at last we found that wood is a poor of heat. （conduct）

2.It is that he changed his will the day before his death. ， some people are unhappy about it. （significant）

3.He is a well-known who is brave and always takes a way to look for the truth. （science）

4.The of the word remains unknown. Most people don’t know its meaning. （origin）

5.More and more stuff has been invented by technology. It’s convenient for people them whenever they go. （wear）

6.He forgot he had something important to do today and wasted an day on playing games. （entire）

7.As a ， he spends hours every day doing experiments with in the lab. （chemistry）

8.She’s perfectly of doing it herself. And we all know she does have the to do things well. （capable）

9.There is no doubt that people can also make achievements. （ordinary）

10.It is made of an extremely plastic. Some scientists say it has better than many other materials. （flexible）

根据括号内提示翻译句子。 单句表达

1. 我不知道是谁想出这个主意的，但它真的很棒。（come up with）

2. 现如今学校非常重视传统文化教育。（attach... to...）

3. 你是什么时候决定要当一名志愿者老师的？（强调句型）

4. 我的想法是这个计划应该尽快实施。（表语从句）

5. 最后，我们手里拿着杯子，照了一张合影。（with复合结构）

提示写作

选用所给词汇或句型造句并组成一段连贯的短文（80词左右）。

It is proved that... attach... to pull out pull... into shake prepare

... draw the conclusion that... The experiment aims to/is designed to...

能力提升

閱读理解

A

Charles Darwin lived an unusually quiet life. In 1842， Darwin and his wife Emma moved from London to Kent in southern England to have as little disturbance （烦扰） as possible. They already had two children then， and would go on to have eight more in the country.

Darwin had very regular habits. He rose early and went for a walk. After breakfast he worked in his study until 9：30 am， his most productive time of the day， and then read his letters lying on the sofa before returning to work.

At midday he would go for another walk with his dog， stopping at his greenhouse to check his experiments. Then he would go for another walk around an area of woodland. While walking on his “thinking path”， Darwin would consider his unsolved scientific problems.

After lunch he read the newspaper and wrote letters. His network of friends provided information from all corners of the world.

The Darwins were not very strict parents and the children were always seen running wild. Their father worked patiently with a background of happy shouts and little footsteps walking past his study door.

After dinner Darwin played backgammon （a game for two people to play） with his wife. He once wrote， “Now the result with my wife in backgammon stands like this： she has won only 2，490 games. while I have won， hurrah （a cheer of joy or victory）， hurrah， 2，795 games！”

Although he had poor health， Darwin continued to publish a lot of creative works until his final book in 1881. He died the following year， aged 73.

Rather than a quiet space in the local churchyard， which he called “the sweetest place on Earth”， Darwin was given a state funeral （国葬） in London’s Westminster Abbey.

1. Why did the Darwins move to Kent？

A. To do more experiments. B. To cut their cost of living.

C. To enjoy more peacefulness. D. To be together with their children.

2. What did Darwin use to do while taking a walk？

A. He talked with his wife. B. He trained his dog.

C. He stopped here and there. D. He thought about some scientific problems.

3. What did Darwin’s children probably think of him？

A. Strict. B. Kind. C. Cold. D. Brave.

4. What does the text mainly tell us about Darwin？

A. His scientific achievements. B. His unusual state funeral.

C. His personal life. D. His large family.

B

As more and more people speak the global languages of English， Chinese， Spanish， and Arabic， other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact， half of the 6，000—7，000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century， according to the United Nations Educational， Scientific， and Cultural Organization （UNESCO）.

In an effort to prevent language loss， scholars from a number of organizations—UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.

Mark Turin， a scientist at the Macmillan Center， Yale University， who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas， is following in that tradition. His published book， A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture， grows out of his experience living， working， and raising a family in a village in Nepal.

Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin， who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India， Nepal， Bhutan， and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.

At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials—including photographs， films， tape recordings， and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.

Now， through the two organizations that he has founded—the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project—Turin has started a campaign to make such documents， found in libraries and stores around the world， available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet， Turin notes， the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.

5. Many scholars are making efforts to  .

A. further global languages B. save disappearing languages

C. search for language communities      D. set up language research organizations

6. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to？

A. Having full records of the languages. B. Writing books on language teaching.

C. Telling stories about language users.  D. Living with the native speakers.

7. What is Turin’s book based on？

A. The cultural studies in India.        B. The documents available at Yale.

C. His language research in Bhutan.    D. His personal experience in Nepal.

8. Which of the following words can best summarize Turin’s work？

A. Write， sell and donate.              B. Record， repair and share.

C. Collect， protect and reconnect.        D. Design， experiment and report.

完形填空

I live in a house with a beautiful view of hills and our little town. When I here 24 years ago the man next door was building a in his backyard and I could him from my window.

He was building it alone. I enjoyed watching the of the boat and I got to know my

， Charles. It turned out this was his boat; he had built a slightly smaller wooden sailboat but had sold it before ever sailing it himself. It was a beautiful boat but Charles to get on with the bigger steel boat.

Charles did things very carefully and would not be to finish any part of the boat. He handcrafted it， piece by piece. ， with the passing years， Charles’s began to worsen. And work on the boat progressed even slowly. Then he was in a bad car accident which left him with a sore back and that him even more. Although we didn’t it， I know he reached a point at which he realized he would never be able to the boat. He had been working on it almost daily for 25 years but he couldn’t .

Fortunately， Charles was able to the boat and the other day I looked out of the window and the big boat was . I haven’t talked to Charles since the boat was taken away. It was a great to move it and I saw Charles out there helping as he watched his ， one that consumed so much of his life， head off to its new owner. I’m sure he is both relieved that the boat is no longer in the yard to make him that he couldn’t complete it and that a huge part of his life is no longer there.

1. A. passed B. left C. moved D. searched

2. A. house B. boat C. garden D. pool

3. A. watch B. warn C. ask D. support

4. A. show B. picture C. progress D. result

5. A. worker B. neighbor C. leader D. owner

6. A. first B. second C. only D. best

7. A. regretted B. failed C. agreed D. wanted

8. A. rushed B. pleased C. patient D. bored

9. A. Strangely B. Suddenly C. Unfortunately D. Quickly

10. A. research B. behavior C. safety D. health

11. A. encouraged B. helped C. slowed D. surprised

12. A. talk about B. care about C. wait for D. pay for

13. A. try B. finish C. design D. forget

14. A. continue B. start C. stop D. rest

15. A. take B. build C. sell D. sail

16. A. broken B. done C. replaced D. gone

17. A. duty B. task C. exercise D. idea

18. A. tool B. business C. project D. plan

19. A. remember B. believe C. imagine D. doubt

20. A. afraid B. worried C. angry D. sad

Writing

话题表达指导

话题介绍

话题：实验报告。要求运用本单元所学核心知识，就某一次实验写一篇实验报告。

建议体裁：说明文。

注意事项：时态通常采用一般现在时。文章结构一般为总—分—总，即引入部分说明实验目的，主体部分介绍所需实验材料并说明具体的实验过程，最后阐述实验结果（或现象）并总结实验结论。另外，实验报告的写作要语言简洁、准确、富有逻辑性。

题例导学

题目

假定你是李华。下表中简要介绍了你在化学课上做过的一次实验，请根据表格中的内容，写一份英文实验报告。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

坩埚 crucible 酒精灯 alcohol burner 参考词汇：镁条 magnesium rod

思路引导1·审题

本题是要求写一篇实验报告，审题时要注意以下几点：

1. 主体人称：第三人称

2. 主体时态：一般现在时

3. 文章结构：（总）说明实验目的—（分）介绍实验用品并说明实验步骤—（总）阐述实验结果并得出實验结论

思路引导2·本单元语言知识运用

根据汉语意思及提示翻译句子。

1. 这个实验是为了测量镁在空气中燃烧后重量是否有变化。（be designed to）

2. 为了进行实验，我准备了以下材料。（carry out）

3. 把坩埚放在天平上称重。（put... on）

4. 点燃酒精灯，把坩埚放在上面，给镁加热。（place... over）

5. 我可以得出结论：镁在空气中燃烧后重量有变化。（draw the conclusion that）

思路引导3·连句成篇

范例展示

The experiment is designed to find out if there’s a change in weight after magnesium burns in air.

To carry out the experiment， I prepared the following materials： a magnesium rod， an alcohol burner， a balance and a crucible.

Procedure：

First， put the magnesium rod in the crucible.

Then， put the crucible on the balance and weigh them.

Next， light the alcohol burner and place the crucible over it to heat the magnesium rod.

Finally， weigh them again， and compare the two weights.

I saw that the magnesium rod weighs a little more than before. So through the experiment I can draw the conclusion that there is a change in weight after magnesium burns in air.

话题表达

假如今天在物理老师的帮助下，你们做了一个有趣的实验。请根据表格中的内容，用英语为本次实验写一篇实验报告。

注意：

1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

醋 vinegar 溶解 dissolve 蛋壳 eggshell 参考词汇：生的 raw

Section Ⅳ Presenting ideas

核心短语与句型回顾

短语

1. 除此之外，另外

2. 谈及，就……而言

3. be capable 有能力

4. have a（n） desire to 有做……

的强烈愿望

5. 别轻易说不

6. 例如

7. recognition 無法辨认

8. 由于，归因于

9. 连同……一起

10. 此外，除……以外

11. attach... 把……系于……；把……附在……上

12. 提出；找到（答案）

13. 发生，进行

14. a conclusion 得出结论

15. be recognised 被认为是

16. die 死于（疾病等）

句型

1. with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语

It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places， （利用计算技术控制“双腿”）.

2. There be句型的完成时

There （有发明的黄金时代） throughout history.

3. 强调句

So （是什么） inspires us to invent things？

4. 表语从句

But （一直以来重要的是） we have an incredible desire to think and create...

5. that 引导的同位语从句

... there is no proof （它砸在了他的头上）.

请根据提示，运用本单元核心知识就“科技与未来生活”的话题，谈谈你的看法。

提示：需用以下句型。

1. I’m interested in the work of... because...

2. There will be more... because...

3. It will be... for people to...