洞悉趋势，融聚未来——2023年创新仿真题多维分析选登（上）

一、阅读理解

A

In a new field named“necrobotics”,researchers converted the bodies of wolf spiders（蜘蛛）into grippers（抓取器）that can operate objects.The idea was born from a simple question,explains Faye Yap,a mechanical engineer at Rice University in Houston.Why do spiders roll up when they die?

The answer: Spiders are machines operated by liquid moving under pressure.They control how much their legs extend by forcing blood into them.A dead spider no longer has that blood pressure,so its legs roll up.“We were just thinking that was so cool,”Yap says.“We wanted to take full advantage of it.”

Her team first tried putting dead wolf spiders in a double boiler,hoping that the wet heat would make the spiders expand and push their legs outward.That didn’t work.But when the researchers injected（注射）liquid straight into a spider body,they found that they could control its grip well enough to pull wires from a circuit board and pick up other dead spiders.Only after hundreds of uses did the necrobots start to become dewatered and show signs of wear.

See how this“necrobot”gripper,made from a dead wolf spider,picks up another dead spider.The attached injector pushes the liquid in and out of the spider it’s glued to,making the body’s legs open and shut.

In the future,the researchers will coat spiders with a sealant to hold off that decline.But the next big step is to control the spiders’ legs individually,Yap says,and in the process,figure out more about how spiders work.Then her team could translate their understanding into better designs for other robots.

“That would be very,very interesting,”says Rashid Bashir,a bioengineer at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.A spider body itself would probably have problems as a robot,he says,because it won’t perform consistently like“hard robots”and its body will break down over time.But spiders can definitely offer lessons to engineers.“There’s a lot to be learned from biology and nature,”Bashir says.

1.What can we know about the necrobots?

A.They are damageable.

B.They can live a long life.

C.They are made of live spiders.

D.They work by injecting blood.

【解析】

1.A 推理判断题。

【全能解析】根据第三段最后一句“Only after hundreds of uses did the necrobots start to become dewatered and show signs of wear.”可知，仅在使用上百次之后，necrobots 就开始脱水并有磨损迹象。由此可推知，necrobots 是易坏的。故选A。

【干扰项分析】本题中选项D 为强干扰项。根据第二段内容可知，蜘蛛在活着的时候是通过控制进入腿部的血量来控制腿的伸展程度。考生很容易因此主观臆断而误选D。但本文题干问的是对necrobots 的了解，而并非对蜘蛛的了解。故可排除D。

B

During her childhood summer holidays,McIntosh,her mother and little brother would make the short trip from Glasgow to Loch Lomond to rent a boat,pack it with camping supplies and head for the islands.The trips became a tradition.

However,her mother became unwell.Any thought of summer camping trips faded away,as McIntosh,aged 13,became one of the young carers across Britain with round-the-clock responsibility for her parent’s welfare.The young girl’s world became about helping her mother.At 18,she found herself anxious and unsure of what to do next.It was at that point that she was encouraged to apply for a 19’day residential course with Outward Bound,which prides itself on uprooting youngsters from their home comforts,giving funded places to those like McIntosh from disadvantaged backgrounds.

Four years on and McIntosh credits the course with making her who she is today.It was so transformative that she is training to become an outdoor instructor herself.“I learnt more about myself in those 19 days than I had in my entire life.”

“When you’re in the middle of nowhere,you feel quite vulnerable.You learn to bond and trust quite quickly,”she recalls.Then came the moment described as one of the best of her life.The group had been asked to climb Ben Nevis but when they were close to the summit,they realized they had not left enough time and had to turn back.The next day they returned and completed it.

“Climbing Ben Nevis twice in two days,that’s not something I ever would have thought I was capable of doing at the start of the course,”she said,still beaming about it years later.

To become an instructor,McIntosh is gaining qualifications in climbing,skiing,and mountain leadership,as well as studying for a diploma in counseling.She wants to take her mother,who is losing her eyesight,camping again.“I hope that before that happens I will be able to take her out and show her the things that I get to see,”she said.

1.What did McIntosh and her family do during her childhood summer holiday?

A.Rowed a boat on Loch Lomond.

B.Made a short trip to Glasgow.

C.Rent a boat and camping supplies.

D.Went camping on the islands.

2.Which of the following best describes McIntosh?

A.Unlucky and qualified.

B.Responsible and kind.

C.Caring and persistent.

D.Pitiful and easy’going.

【解析】

1.D 细节理解题。

【全能解析】根据第一段第一句“During her childhood summer holidays，...to rent a boat,pack it with camping supplies and head for the islands.”可知，在 MeIntosh 童年的暑假期间，她和她的母亲、弟弟将从格斯哥到罗蒙湖进行短途旅行，租一触船，装上露营用品，然后前往群岛。由此可知，在童年的假期间MeIntosh 和她的家人在群岛露营。故选 D。

【关键点拨】对于涉及时空变化和事件过程信息较多的题目，解题关键是梳理和弄清信息点之间的逻辑关联。

【干扰项分析】本题中C 项为 强干扰项。C 项杂糅了原文信息点，将租船和在船上装上露营用品两个信息点混为一谈，表达为租船、租露营用品。故排除 C 项。

2.C 推理判断题。

【全能解析】通读全文尤其是最后一段第一、二句“To become an instructor,MeIntosh is gaining qualifications in climbing,skiing,and mountain leadership...who is losing her eyesight，camping again.”可知，为了成为一名户外教练，MeIntosh 正在获得攀岩滑雪和登山领导方面的资质，同时还在攻读咨询专业的文凭，她想带视力逐渐衰退的母亲再去露营。由此可推知，她是一个体贴且坚持不懈的人。故选 C。

【关键点拨】对人物的评价要从多方面来看，从文章句子直接的表述来看，MeIntosh 是细心且体贴的；从文章的中心思想并结合具体事例可分析出MeIntosh在照顾母亲的同时兼顾学习，说明她是有毅力且坚持不懈的人。

【干扰项分析】本题中B 项为强干扰项。从MIntosh 多年悉心照顾母亲来看,她确实是负责的且善良的。但是，这只是她的一个方面。在照顾母亲之余，她还坚持学习，完善自己，在登山遇到困难时不屈服等都说明了她是有毅力的人。她还希望以后能够把母亲带到户外去，像小时候母亲带她去野营一样，我们更觉得她不仅是善良，而且是发自内心地去关心自己的母亲。故C 项为最佳答案，可以排除 B 项。

C

According to National Renewable Energy Laboratory experts,air cooling is already responsible for 3.94% of yearly carbon emissions（排放）worldwide,which will only worsen as higher global temperatures continue to drive the growing need for air conditioning.Meanwhile,increased energy bills and a lack of gas supply are other significant concerns.The climate change and energy issues call for serious efforts to carry out more effective projects to answer these challenges.

Heat pumps（泵）seem to be visible,and they are gaining attention—particularly in the US and UK.They function by transferring heat from the outside air to water while generating cold air,thereby keeping homes cool.According to a recent study,using heat pumps can help homeowners reduce greenhouse gas emissions,save money on energy,and improve their health.The findings,published in Environmental Research Letters,indicate that heat pumps will lower emissions for two-thirds of families while benefiting one-third of US homeowners financially.

Dalrada Corporation was established by Brian Bonar in 1982 with a vision to transform meaningful ideas into solutions to serve humanity.Since then,the organization has expanded its operations to serve plentiful business sectors.The company helps industrial,commercial,and consumer industries in various sections,such as science,health care,engineering and technology.Dalrada’s high-temperature CO2-based heat pump offers clean heating and cooling without requiring burning fossil（化石）fuels.The technology is promising,and the US government had selected Dalrada’s heat pump as a green building pioneer to inspire more energy transformation new technologies.

According to multiple studies focusing on the hotel industry,the most expensive bill is for electricity,followed by water and gas.Dalrada’s LikidoTM heat pump is the company’s flagship product.A lowcarbon,heating and cooling pump design provides an extraordinary solution for reducing dependence on fossil fuels.Eventually,this creative technology has the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption and costs for hotels around the world.

1.What can we learn about air cooling?

A.It takes up about 1/25 of the world’s carbon emissions every year.

B.It drives the global temperature to go higher dramatically.

C.It is the biggest consumption of many households.

D.It is urgent to cut off the use of the air cooling system.

2.Why is the US government’s selection mentioned in the third paragraph?

A.To prove Dalrada’s heat pump technology has a bright future.

B.To show Dalrada Corporation has meaningful ideas.

C.To advertise the company’s various high-tech products.

D.To suggest the company has good relations with the government.

【解析】

1.A 细节理解题。

【全能解析】根据第一段第一句“According to National Renewable Energy Laboratory experts,air cooling is already responsible for 3.94% of yearly carbon emissions worldwide ...”可知，据美国国家可再生能源实验室的专家称，空气冷却已经占据全球每年碳排放量的3.94%，即空气冷却产生的碳排放量占全球每年碳排放量的1/25。故选A。

【关键点拨】本题题干为：关于空气冷却，我们能了解到什么？这就要求考生将阅读重点放在文章的第一段上，文章开篇第一句提到，空气冷却产生的碳排放量约占全球每年碳排放量的3.94%，而A 选项中的1/25=4%，两个数字基本相当。

【干扰项分析】本题中的C 选项为强干扰项。C 项为“C.它是许多家庭最大的消费”，文章中没有正式提到，但是受到日常生活中的影响，考生容易把自身带入，自认为“根据常识”，从而得出该错误选项。

2.A 推理判断题。

【全能解析】根据第三段内容尤其是最后一句“The technology is promising,and the US government had selected Dalrada’s heat pump as a green building pioneer to inspire more energy transformation new technologies.”可知，这项技术很有前景，美国政府已经选择Dalrada 的热泵作为绿色建筑的先驱，以激励更多的能源转换新技术。由此可推知，第三段提到美国政府的选择是为了证明Dalrada 的热泵技术前景广阔。故选A。

【干扰项分析】D 选项“暗示公司与政府有良好的关系”为强干扰项，第三段最后一句提到“这项技术很有前景，美国政府已经选择Dalrada 的热泵作为绿色建筑的先驱，以激励更多的能源转换新技术”，考生会认为这一句暗示了政府和该公司有良好的关系，但是文章的主旨是介绍这种绿色环保技术，故可将D 排除。

二、七选五

The Geography Bee,more properly known as the National Geographic Bee,begins in schools with students from fourth through eighth grade across the United States in December and January.

Each school champion takes a written test upon winning the Bee in their school.One hundred school winners from each state proceed to the State Level Finals in April,based on their scores on a written test scored by the National Geographic Society.The ten finalists compete on day two and the winner is announced and wins a college scholarship.1 .

An atlas（地图册）can help you become very familiar with the continents,countries,states,islands,and major physical features of our planet.2 .

Prepare flashcards or use some other technique to memorize the capitals of the countries and the capitals of the fifty United States.

Take as many practice quizzes as possible.There are hundreds of multiple-choice Geography Quizzes that will definitely help.3 .Be sure to use an atlas to look up or understand the questions that you’ve missed.

Read the newspaper and news magazines to learn about geography and to stay up-to-date with major news and events happening around the world.4 .These events usually occur in the latter part of the year before the Bee.Look up any unfamiliar place names you encounter.

Knowing the main languages,currencies,religions,and former country names is definitely a bonus.It’s most important at the state and national levels.5 .If you can review the key concepts of physical geography from the physical geography textbook,do so!

A.So start with a world map

B.Get information in a library

C.National Geographic offers a daily GeoBee Quiz online

D.Some Bee questions come from the geography of current events

E.Become familiar with the terms and concepts of Physical Geography

F.What follows are tips to help you prepare for the National Geographic Bee

G.Use Outline Maps of the world and continents to test yourself on this information

【解析】

1—5 FACDE

2.A 逻辑关系题

【全能解析】上文讲地图册能帮助你熟悉洲、国、州、岛屿和地球的主要物理特征。A 项“所以从世界地图开始”承接上文，符合语境。故选 A。

【关键点拨】段尾设空通常是本段的主题句或结论一般需要研读前句，利用词汇复现解题。A 项中的map 与上文中的atlas（地图册）呼应，上下句衔接紧密。

3.C 逻辑关系题。

【全能解析】上文讲尽可能地多测验。成百上千道地理多选测验题肯定会有帮助。C 项“国家地理每日在线提供 GeoBee 测验”与上文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选 C。

【干扰项分析】D 项中的“questions”与上文中的“quizzes”呼应；G 项中的“Maps”与下文中的“atlas”呼应。虽然存在词汇复现，但干扰项 D、G 句在意上无法实现前后衔接。

4.D 逻辑关系题。

【全能解析】上文讲阅读报纸和时事刊物来学习地理并及时了解世界各地发生的重大新闻和事件；下文讲这些事件经常发生在 Bee 竞赛开始前的下半年。D 项“Bee 竞赛的一些问题来自时事地理”承上启下，符合语境。故选 D。

【关键点拨】代词指代前面提到的人或物，有时指代前面的事件。利用指代关系可以排除干扰项。

三、语法填空

A

Virtual stars proved a very great success at 1(vary) New Year celebration galas hosted by television stations and video platforms.The appearance of virtual beings at New Year galas staged by TV stations and online platforms 2 (reflect) just how popular these figures have become in China in the past 12 months.

According to a report on the virtual people industry last year,the 3 (estimate) market scale of virtual humans was some 12.08 billion yuan(176 million) 4 it will reach about 20.52 billion yuan this year.The report said digital beings are now used 5 (wide) in the entertainment and cultural sectors as icons,anchors,etc.In China,largely,this boom 6(drive) by Generation Z—those born in the late 1990s or early 2000s,who are seen as 7 (be) familiar with digital technology,the Internet,and social media from a young age.

The boom in virtual stars has been accompanied by policy support 8 the central and local governments.In October 2021,the Radio and Television Administration announced a plan to promote the wider 9 (apply)of virtual anchors and animated presenters in news broadcasts,weather forecasts,variety shows,and education programs.Plentiful media outlets,as 10 consequence,have hired digital employees.

【解析】

1.various 2.reflects

3.estimated 考查非谓语动词。

【全能解析】动词estimate 与被修饰的market scale 之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词作定语，故填estimated。

【常考易错点】非谓语动词是语法填空题的常考知识点。此类题的解题误区有：

（1）误以为过去分词作定语时一定表被动。原则上，过去分词作定语时表示被动意义。但也有少数过去分词作定语时不表示被动意义，而只表示完成意义。（2）想当然地认单个过去分词作定语一定前置。单个的过去分词作定语时，既可前置，也可后置，其区别是：如果前置，则表明这个过去分词具有形容词的特征（有的已经转化为形容词）；如果后置，则表明这个过去分词仍为动词（其动作意味很强，通常可转化为定语从句）。

4.and 5.widely

6.is driven 7.being

8.from 9.application 10.a

B

Martial arts enthusiast from the US finds his place in Wudang Mountains,writing a book,building a happy family life 1 an online following.

With his blond hair,blue eyes,high nose and white skin,Jake Pinnick easily stands out and draws the attention of visitors,especially as he performs the tai chi moves 2 (precise).

The 32-year-old 3 (fascinate) by Chinese martial arts since he was a kid,when he really enjoyed watching films featuring Chinese kung fu stars.Pinnick has committed himself 4 learning Chinese martial arts for 12 years.Years of learning and practice have brought him great benefits.

“You can break down the 5 (move),try to understand them,and approach them differently,while the training keeps your mind very active and body very healthy,”he says.

Pinnick 6 (take) on an additional challenge of playing the Chinese bamboo three years ago.His latest English-language book,introducing the history of the bamboo flute and the skills 7 (require) to play it,has got heated reviews online.He looked up 8 large number of related Chinese books,found the key information and integrated his personal experiences.It took him nearly a year to finish the book,9 also covers 108 classic musical works for bamboo flute.

“I hope my book will enable foreigners online 10 (understand) the charm of the ancient Chinesetraditional instrument,”he says.

【解析】

1.and 考查连词。

【全能解析】分析句子结构可知，a happy family life 和 an online following 是并列关系，应用and连接。故填and。

【关键点拨】观察句子结构，分析空白处前后句式结构和用词上的特点。

2.precisely

3.has been fascinated

4.to。考查介词。

【全能解析】本题考查固定搭配commit oneself to...表示“使自己致力于……”。故填to。

【关键点拨】熟词生义可以根据已学词汇知识联系新的语境。学生对commit 的了解更多是“犯罪”，这里需要根据语境理解commit to的意思。commit to 在此处应为“致力于……”的意思。

5.moves

6.took

7.required。考查非谓语动词。

【全能解析】分析句子结构可知，本句已经有谓语动词has got，此处为非谓语。被修饰词skills与动词require 之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作后置定语。故填required。

【关键点拨】解决本题的关键在于认清句子的谓语与非谓语。因此分析句子结构是根本。

【常考易错点】本题易错点在于辨别非谓语动词与谓语动词。解决此类问题需要分析句子结构，确定谓语动词，分析主语与谓语的关系，从而判断提示词是谓语还是非谓语。再根据非谓语动词的基本用法确定具体的形式。

8.a。考查冠词。

【全能解析】固定搭配a large number of...意为“大量的……”，故填a。

【常考易错点】a large number of 和the number of 结构相近，但意思不同。

9.which

10.to understand