Unit 2 Onwards and upwards

Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas

基礎训练

根据首字母或汉语提示，用本部分所学单词的正确形式填空。 单词拼写

1.In fact， no one can g that John or Emily will be here tomorrow.

2.You will end up in d if you go on spending money without limit.

3.My favorite novel， A Dream of Red Mansions， is a c which takes up an important place in the history of Chinese literature.

4.The tradition of going out for a meal has been under pressure from the fast p of  life in the city.

5.Alice r takes an umbrella with her because she spend most of her time indoors.

6.Mr White showed remarkable （忍耐力） throughout his illness.

7.Not surprisingly， Leos （拒绝） letter came a few weeks later.

8. （不过）， emotional eating can be linked to positive feelings too.

9.The social network has faced （批评） many times for over 14 years.

10.Hope has proved a powerful predictor of the （结果） in every study weve done so far.

用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。 选择填空

turn down   take… for example stick… on regret to do have… in common

1. Susan invited Joe to attend her birthday party， but he her invitation.

2. The two sisters something with each other in appearance， but they are different in hobbies.

3. Eric ， he is one of the tallest boys in class.

4. We inform you that your request has not been successful.

5. Jason a stamp the envelope and went out soon.

课文语法填空

“We regret 1 （inform） you…” These are the words that every writer dreads receiving， but words every writer knows well. The response from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly opens and reads it， their hearts sinking 2 they reach that final sentence. You may have spent years 3 （give） up your weekends and free time to write your lifes work， yet still this is often not enough. Everyone knows that success 4 （rare） happens overnight， but perhaps not many know that a lot of highly 5 （success） writers have previously faced rejection.

Take for example J. K. Rowling. When she 6 （receive） her first rejection letter， she decided that it meant she now had something in common with her favourite writers， and stuck it on her kitchen wall. Rowling had spent years surviving 7 little money， spending all her time writing. When she finally finished her first book， she received comments from publishers along the lines such as “too difficult for children”. Nevertheless， she persevered. After a total of twelve 9 （reject）， one publisher eventually agreed to print 500 copies of her first book， and as we know， Harry Potter became 9 global success， with over 400 million books sold and 10 （translate） into more than seventy different languages.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

能力提升

閱读理解

Robert Frost （1874—1963） was the statesman （政治家） of American letters in the twentieth century， a rare national poet who was read and respected by both university professors and everyday citizens. In his life， Frost won four Pulitzer Prizes for his works—more than any other poet in American history. His most famous poems include The Road Not Taken， Fire and Ice and Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening. Though his works are widely read， Frost is also one of the most misunderstood writers in the United States for the complexity of his poems.

Though born in California， Frost was brought up in New England， where he is inseparably linked. After dropping out of Dartmouth College to seek his literary dream， he remained upset for years， producing collections of works but failing to get enough of them published to make his efforts financially （经济上） worthwhile. Finally， Frost left the United States in 1912 to see whether his works might be better received in London. It was， and in 1913 his first full collection was published in Great Britain. Fellow American poet Amy Lowell liked Frosts work very much and brought it back to the United States， publicizing it insistently. Soon afterwards Frosts collections became best-sellers， and he became a famous figure.

From then on， Frost was on his way to the lifelong respect and recognition for his achievements in poetry. In 1961， he was invited to read a poem for the presidential inauguration

（总统就职典礼） of John F. Kennedy. He recited his poem， The Gift Outright， from memory at the ceremony. This was perhaps his last poetry reading in front of a wide national audience before his death in 1963. More importantly， Frost became the first poet to read a poem at a presidential inauguration.

1. What makes Frost “the statesman of American letters”？

A. His political activities. B. His literary achievements.

C. The complexity of his poems. D. The comments of other writers.

2. What do we know about Frost before 1912？

A. He produced enough works. B. He was well received in London.

C. He continued writing after his graduation. D. He failed to earn a lot with his publication.

3. What brought Frost immediate success in the US？

A. The literary value of his poetry. B. The publication of his first collection.

C. The invitation from John F. Kennedy. D. The recommendation by Amy Lowell.

4. What can be the best title for the text？

A. The Literary Life of Robert Frost： An Overview

B. Robert Frost and the Twentieth Century

C. Robert Frost： A Historical Figure

D. The Popularity of Robert Frost

阅读七选五

Like many people， the start of the day maybe isnt your favorite time. 1 Try at least one of these tomorrow.

Stretch every part of your body for 15 minutes.

Try this before you open your eyes. Lift your arm and begin by stretching each finger， then your hand， then your wrist， then your arm. 2 Then your toes， feet， ankles and legs. In this way， you upped the flow of blood through your body， providing more oxygen to all parts of your body.

Set your alarm 10 minutes earlier.

3 You can begin your day by lying in bed， slowly waking up， mentally ticking off （給……画上钩） the decisions you made in advance about what youre going to wear and what you are going to do.

Brush your teeth for 2—3 minutes.

Theres no better way to rid you of bad morning breath and begin your day fresh and clean. After all， more than 300 types of bacteria （细菌） stay in your mouth every night. 4

Avoid any decisions.

For truly relaxing mornings， reduce the number of choices and decisions you make to zero.

5 Really， theres no need to vary your breakfast， timetable or clothes to wear every morning.

A. Repeat with the other arm.

B. You can change your living habits.

C. Make your decisions the night before.

D. These few minutes in bed are all yours.

E. Quick brush cant make them all disappear.

F. Here are some healthy habits you can learn without much effort.

G. In this way， you dont have to jump out of bed and rush through your morning.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Section Ⅱ Using language

基础训练

在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 单句语法填空

1. The company just （guarantee） to deliver the goods to me within a week.

2. A large amount of food， （blanket）， and other necessities reached the city.

3. We stress that we dont allow （smoke） in the lecture room.

4.Few （contest） in the recent history of British boxing were as exciting as this one.

5. We greatly appreciate you giving us timely hand when faced with trouble.

6. Mr Wilson （elect） by a majority of 40 votes against 10 yesterday.

7. No one can match him it comes to speaking in public.

8. Tom is very （enthusiasm） about the place which he is going to in two days.

9. The movie star wears sunglasses so he can go shopping being recognized.

10. This decision is likely （upset） a lot of people.

結合动词的不定式或-ing形式作宾语的用法，转换下列句子，每空一词。 同义句转换

1. Tom began to learn how to use a computer.

Tom how to use a computer.

2. Bob preferred working far into the night.

Bob far into the night.

3. The trees require watering in this hot weather.

The trees in this hot weather.

4. The rain continued to fall all afternoon.

The rain all afternoon.

5. Jasons car really needs  repairing before driving on the road again.

Jasons car really before driving on the road again.

根据汉语句意，用动词的不定式或-ing形式补全句子，每空一词。 补全句子

1.Alice不能容忍和Adam在一间办公室工作，因为他总是抽烟。

Alice cant stand because he smokes all the time.

2.老师最终找到了那本他一直在找的历史书。

The teacher finally managed that he had been looking for.

3.学生们盼望再次见到你。

Students are looking forward to .

4.Lily无法负担出国学习的费用。

Lily cant afford .

5.我记得离家时锁了门，但是我忘记告诉你这件事了。

I remember when I left the house， but I forgot to tell you about it.

能力提升

完形填空

Every time I passed boys who were playing basketball， I stopped to watch them silently.  But as a girl， I once 1 that I could never play basketball.

I like playing basketball though Im not good at it. Ive had a basketball since I was a child. At first， I could 2 play because no one 3 when I was just a kid. But as I 4 up it seemed harder and harder for me to enjoy basketball. My parents did not 5 me to play basketball at home. 6 when I went to play basketball with my friends， boys stared at me as if I were 7 .

I was feeling 8 and had lost hope of playing basketball. 9 something changed the first day of high school. I made some friends who also 10 playing basketball. One of them told me with a smile， “Go your own 11 ; let others talk.” This girl would always play basketball with me. Even the boy who sat next to me in class talked about 12 with me almost every day.

I was encouraged by them. Confidence 13 to my heart. I am ready to stand up and play. Basketball has become an important part of my 14 . Through basketball， not only do I feel happy and confident， but also 15 a lot from others.

Ive heard the NBA star Tracy McGrady say， “Nothing is impossible.” It is from an advertisement on TV. I have 16 to realize that life is just like playing basketball. You should have an 17 . After that， just be confident and 18 going. Never give up and youll 19 it sooner or later.

I love the motto （座右銘） of the NBA. It can 20 my strong feelings for basketball， “I love this game！”

1. A. heard B. explained C. thought D. expressed

2. A. sadly B. noisily C. crazily D. freely

3. A. noticed B. cared C. attented D. interrupted

4. A. cheered B. grew C. gave D. set

5. A. instruct B. force C. allow D. help

6. A. Still B. Yet C. Just D. Even

7. A. rare B. valuable C. magical D. mad

8. A. bored B. down C. excited D. satisfied

9. A. Luckily B. Naturally C. Badly D. Clearly

10. A. enjoyed B. allowed C. minded D. finished

11. A. effort B. way C. business D. direction

12. A. lessons B. sports C. interests D. dreams

13. A. related B. replied C. jumped D. returned

14. A. wish B. life C. work D. study

15. A. experience B. borrow C. learn D. buy

16. A. come B. turned C. refused D. happened

17. A. result B. aim C. idea D. advantage

18. A. consider B. remain C. keep D. last

19. A. devote B. survive C. host D. make

20. A. organize B. express C. ignore D. connect

语法填空

New research published by a team of psychologists at the University of Missouri-Columbia suggests that our own happiness 1 （influence） by the kindness and generosity we show to others.

2 （arrive） at this conclusion， the researchers asked a group of research participants to engage in a series of 3 （experiment） that examine them in acts of their own happiness against those 4 （aim） at improving the happiness of others. In one study， participants were given a few coins by a research assistant on the street after parking their cars. They were asked to put some coins either into their own parking meters （停车收费器） 5 in others nearby. 6 （interesting）， people who put coins in others meters showed 7 （great） happiness than those who put money in their own， despite not knowing who they were helping.

The researchers offer a good 8 （explain） for the reasons why they come to such a conclusion. According to the researchers， an effort to make another person happy inspires feelings of closeness， 9 ， in turn， explains why people end up feeling happy themselves.

But it is not just financial （财务的） generosity that has the power to increase our happiness. Simply adopting an attitude that puts others happiness above our own has 10 positive influence on our psychological happiness.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

短文改錯

Once I was praised because I did something meaningful on my pocket money. One day， I happened to knowing some students in a faraway school were hungry for knowledges because they didnt have enough books. I decide to offer my help. With all the pocket money I saved it， I bought some books online， and gave them away to the school. My parents was very happy and praised me great when they heard about it. They said I did good thing. I believe that every little bit makes a different. I will continue to help those which are in trouble.

Section Ⅲ Developing ideas

基础训练

用所给词的适当形式填空。 单词填空

1.Those villagers are with good health and its a that nobody has ever suffered from the disease. （bless）

2.Lisa said she would settle in London， but what she said was always lacks . （permanent）

3.Susans life is full of and her house is just as she it for two years. （imagine）

4.Leos co-workers his support greatly and his company was very of his efforts， too. （appreciate）

5.Emma is always to go to the library because of those books. （delight）

6.The man tried to escape ， but he by the police at last. （observe）

7.The house is about 30，000 dollars of money， but the Smiths think its quality is so of the price. （worth）

8.Alice doesnt like this kind of situation because she always feels at being the center of attention. （embarrass）

9.Jack missed her mothers so much because she used to hold little Jack in her arms when he was very young. （gentle）

10.People were surprised this island and the of some rare plants also made them excited. （discover）

根据括号内提示翻译句子。 单句表达

1. 那位摇滚歌手不喜欢媒体追问他的过去。（probe into）

2. 为了昨晚的决赛，数百名足球迷蜂拥入城。（descend upon）

3. 虽然战争在即，人们照常忙着自己的事。（go about）

4. 只有这样我们才能使这个小女孩平静下来。（only位于句首的倒装句）

5. 在严冬逼近时，村民们非常发愁。（close in on，as引导时间状语从句）

提示写作

选用所给词汇或句型造句并组成一段连贯的短文（80词左右）。

be stricken blind and deaf be worthy of guarantee inform

It is/was + … + that/who…  This is/was a time when…strains of give one hint to

能力提升

閱读理解

A

Skiing has always been a big part of Kamikaze Shiffrins life. Her dad ski raced all through college and her mom raced and coached skiing. The Siffrins taught Mikaela and her brother， Taylor， to ski at a very young age. At two and a half years old， Mikaela made her first ski run down her driveway on plastic skis.

Mikaela loved skiing. From ages 8 to 11， she did hundreds of training runs on small hills to learn the skills of slalom skiing （障碍滑雪）. When Mikaela was 11， she began to learn at the Burke Mountain Academy， a Vermont boarding school for skiers. She took classes， studied， and practiced her skiing. According to Burke Mountain Academy headmaster Kirk Dwyer， “What separated Mikaela from others was the degree of her commitment （投入） to be the best. Mikaela practiced more than anyone and believed in herself then and now.” At 14， Mikaela began her international career when she raced in the world championship for 13- and 14-year-olds. And she won！

By the time she was 17， she had already won her first World Cup race. “Living away from home four and five months at a time can be difficult.” Mikaela says. “But it can also be exciting. Im getting to see the world.” When Mikaela began ski racing in Europe， her mother， Eileen， stayed with her. She worked as her high school teacher while they were on the road. “She has always been a super-hard worker，” says Eileen.

For Mikaela， working hard is a full-time job. Even her off-season is work time. “If you want something， just try your best，” she says. At the 2014 Winter Olympic Games in Sochi， Russia， 18-year-old Mikaela Siffrin became the youngest slalom skier ever to win an Olympic gold medal.

1. What can we know about Mikaela according to the text？

A. She learned to ski by herself. B. She was born into a skiing family.

C. She first skied when she was 3 years old. D. She got to know slalom skiing at the age of 14.

2. What did Kirk Dwyer think of Mikaela？

A. Cleverer than other kids. B. Too young to learn.

C. Hard-working. D. Slow to learn.

3. Who helped Mikaela with her school lessons when she traveled to Europe？

A. Her father. B. Her mother. C. Kirk Dwyer. D. Taylor Shiffrin.

4. What can be the best title for the text？

A. The 2014 Winter Olympic Games B. An Introduction to Slalom Skiing

C. A Young Skiers Fight for Success D. The Burke Mountain Academy

B

Do you have a dream， something you always see yourself doing？ Perhaps you see yourself as a lawyer， businessman， or even a scientist. Whatever it is， dont let it die.

A dream is a wonderful thing. It can give you hope for your future and encourage you to try when all odds are against you.

However， there are dream killers that want to kill your dream. They may tell you that it is impossible for you， that you are not smart enough or that its never been done before. However， many times the biggest dream killer is yourself.

Dont let fear， doubt or lack of finances prevent you from fulfilling （实现） your dream. Talk back to these killers， “I can and will fulfill my dream.” You may have to do this every day. The more often you talk to your heart that you can do it， the more safely your dream will be held within you.

It is very important to take steps towards fulfilling your dream. For me， in order to fulfill my dream of owning my own magazine one day， I needed to go back to school and finish my college degree. For you， it may be something different. You know deep inside what the voice of your dream calls for. Dont be afraid and just do it. Try not to let too much time go by. Time is another one of those dream killers.

Think about the words of a song by Yolanda Adams， “Keep the dream alive. Dont let it die. If something deep inside keeps inspiring you to try， dont stop. And never give up. Dont ever give up on you. Sometimes， life can place a stumbling （絆脚的） block in your way. But you have to keep the faith.”

When you dream， dream big and never give up. Your dream is just yours. Never let anyone tell you that your dream cant happen—it can！ Keep seeing yourself do whats never been done before. As you continue to feed your dream and protect it， not only will you keep it alive， but it will come true.

5. What do the underlined words in Paragraph 2 probably mean？

A. You have all your friends against you. B. You find everything seems strange.

C. You are not feeling quite well. D. You are in hopeless situation.

6. What did the author dream of？

A. Becoming a writer. B. Owning a college degree.

C. Publishing his own magazine. D. Getting his own book published.

7. What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us？

A. It takes money to fulfill our dream. B. It is important for us to take action.

C. The first step is to know our dream. D. People rarely listen to the call of our heart.

8. What is the purpose of the words of Yolanda Adams song？

A. To support the authors main point.

B. To explain Yolanda Adams is popular.

C. To make the authors writing interesting.

D. To show the same view of the author and Adams .

完形填空

Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Success 1 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 2 in our lives.

When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931， he had no 3 of knowing that his life was to change 4 . The class experiment that day was to 5 how heating a container of water would bring air bubbling to the surface. 6 ， the container the teacher gave Wilson to heat 7 held something more volatile （易挥发的） than water. When Wilson heated it， the container 8 ， leaving Wilson blind in both eyes.

When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later， his parents 9 to find a way to deal with the disaster that had 10 to their lives. But Wilson did not regard the accident as 11 . He learned braille （盲文） quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There， he not only did well as a student but also became a（n） 12 public speaker.

Later， he worked in Africa， where many people suffered from 13 for lack of proper treatment. For him， it was one thing to 14 his own fate （命運） of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue when it could be fixed so 15 . This moved him to action. And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the 16 Wilson made to preventing the 17 .

Wilson received several international 18 for his great contributions. He lost his 19 but found a vision. He proved that its not what happens to us that 20 our lives—its what we make of what happens.

1. A. depends B. holds C. keeps D. reflects

2. A. problems B. accidents C. events D. steps

3. A. way B. hope C. plan D. measure

4. A. continually B. gradually C. accidentally D. completely

5. A. direct B. show C. support D. declare

6. A. Anyway B. Moreover C. Somehow D. Thus

7. A. mistakenly B. informally C. amazingly D. awkwardly

8. A. erupted B. exploded C. emptied D. escaped

9. A. deserved B. attempted C. failed D. agreed

10. A. added B. applied C. led D. happened

11. A. fantastic B. extraordinary C. impressive D. disastrous

12. A. experienced B. important C. specific D. harmless

13. A. deafness B. sadness C. blindness D. speechlessness

14. A. decide B. try C. control D. accept

15. A. strongly B. easily C. quietly D. strangely

16. A. oppositions B. adjustments C. promises D. limitations

17. A. preventable B. possible C. spreadable D. influential

18. A. lessons B. aids C. awards D. gifts

19. A. fortune B. smell C. dream D. sight

20. A. distinguishes B. determines C. claims D. repairs

Writing

话题表达指导

话题介绍

话题：一次经历。要求通过学习课文能口头或书面描写自己的一次经历，一般为记叙文，注意表达的内容应与自己的生活、学习有关，如校园生活、交通、旅游、交友等。写作时可重点突出这次经历的过程和事后的感受。

建议体裁：记叙文。

注意事项：叙事性记叙文，最常用的时态是一般过去时和过去进行时，且常用第一、第三人称。第一人称是从“参与者”的角度进行叙述；第三人称是以“观察者”的身份展开叙述，要根据情况合理选用。同时，要交代清楚记叙文寫作的基本要素（时间、地点、人物、原因、经过、结果等）。

题例导学

题目

假定你是李华，你上周帮助一个迷路小孩，并带他回到自己家。请你给你的英国朋友Jenny写一封电子邮件，讲述此事。内容包括：

1．助人经过；

2．个人感受。

注意：

1．词数100左右（邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数）；

2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Jenny，

Im writing to tell you about the story.

Yours，

Li Hua

思路引导1·要点分析

1．邮件的目的：引出助人故事等；

2．助人的经过：助人的时间、地点、人物、起因、经过、结果等；

3．自己的感受：助人之后的感想、收获等。

思路引导2·本单元语言知识运用

根据汉语意思及提示翻译句子。

1.上周，我在人群中遇到一个男孩，他看起来无助又难过。（in the crowd，who引导的定语从句）

2.我走近他，问发生了什么事。（get close to）

3.我立刻把这个可怜的男孩带到派出所，并保证他的安全。（guarantee）

4.令我高兴的是，警察后来把他焦急的母亲带来了。（to ones delight）

5.从这次经历中，我意识到帮助别人是很值得去做的事，这不仅帮助了需要帮助的人，而且丰富了我自己的心灵。（worthy of，which引导的非限制性定语从句）

思路引导3·连句成篇

范例展示

Dear Jenny，

Im writing to tell you about the story. Last week， I met a little boy who seemed helpless and upset in the crowd. I got close to him and asked what had happened. He told me he had got lost and couldnt find his parents. Immediately， I took the poor boy to the police station and guaranteed his safety. To my delight， the police brought back his anxious mother later. After she calmed down， she expressed sincere appreciation for my enthusiasm and kindness.

From this experience， I realize helping others is worthy of being done， which not only helps the one in need， but enriches my own mind.

Yours，

Li Hua

話题表达

假定你是李华。你的美国笔友Adam对钓鱼很感兴趣。请你根据以下要点，用英语给他写一封电子邮件，与他分享你的一次钓鱼经历。内容包括：

1. 所带器具和食物等；

2. 钓鱼过程（包括时间、地点、人物等）；

3. 一天的收获和感受。

注意：

1. 词数100左右（邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数）；

2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：沙蚕 clam worm；鱼钩 fish hook

Dear Adam，

How are you！ Im glad to tell you something about fishing.

Yours，

Li Hua

Section Ⅳ Presenting ideas

核心短语与句型回顾

短语

1. sth  遗憾要做……

2. take for 以……为例；譬如

3. have... 有……共同点

4. ... on  靠/抵在……上

5. Poet Laureate  桂冠诗人

6. be blind and deaf  遭受失聪、失明

7. be 对……感激/赞赏

8. 值得……的

9. the of  （历史事件的）缤纷场景

10. 细查，深究

11. 忙于某事；继续做某事

12. close in on  包围，围住；紧逼

13. upon  突然袭击

14. give one hint to  给一个提示

15. 音乐的曲调或旋律

句型

1. “with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”复合结构

… and as we know， Harry Potter became a global success， （销量超过4亿册，被翻译成了） more than seventy different languages.

2. This/There is/was a time when… 句型

（然而，这是……时期） women were not encouraged to become writers.

3. It is/was + … + that/who… 强调句型

In fact， （正是在《简·爱》的页面中）we can find these words： “I honour endurance， perseverance， industry， talent; because these are the means by which men achieve great ends…”

4. “祈使句 + and + 陈述句”句型

（继续努力，最终你会看到这些话） “We are delighted to inform you…”

5. “Only + 状语（从句）”位于句首引起的部分倒装

（只有当黑暗重新降临到我身上时） should I realize how much I had left unseen.

6. as if/as though引导状语从句

Use your eyes （就好像明天你会失明一样）.

请根据提示，运用本单元核心知识，以“我最难忘的一次经历”为话题，谈谈你的想法。

提示：需用以下句型。

1. One of my most unforgettable experiences is that…

2. It was on a/an… day… when…

3. From this experience， I realize that…