土地耕种，生存之本

本刊试题研究中心

第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Today,some 815 million people suffer from long-term hunger.And although this is significantly fewer people than the numbers we saw a decade ago, hunger still kills more people than AIDS,tuberculosis(结核病)and malaria(疟疾)combined.

Despite an adequate availability of food nearly everywhere, globally some 21,000 people die every day from hunger or malnutrition. People do go hungry because the world does not produce enough food for everyone. According to the World Hunger Education Service,over the past three decades,significant growth in food production,along with improved access to food, has helped reduce the percentage of chronically undernourished people in developing countries from 34 percent to 15 percent. The most important problem is that many people in the world still do not have resources to purchase or grow enough food.

Indeed, hunger is a consequence of poverty, and also one of its causes. Hunger exists because many countries lack social safety nets.In many countries,women,although they do most of the farming,do not have as much access as men to training,credit or land.

Conflict, governance systems that do not encourage investment in agriculture, poor management of land and natural resources,lack of educational opportunity,displacement of small farmers by natural disasters, and financial and economic difficulties that remove jobs at the lowest levels,all contribute to creating conditions that push the poorest into hunger.

Over the past decade,a global push to reduce hunger and extreme poverty has marked some significant successes,thanks in part to the efforts of numerous international and transnational institutions,foundations,NGOs and governments.

Let us not forget that with some 815 million people still living in daily food insecurity,we still have a long way to go before we can safely say that no child goes to bed hungrily most nights and that no parent skimps on(节省)their own dinner so the children can eat.

1.The three deadly diseases are mentioned in paragraph 1 to stress ________.

A.hunger is as critical a problem as they are

B.disease is still the leading cause of death

C.hunger remains to be a rather serious problem

D.disease goes hand in hand with starvation

2.Paragraphs 3,4 and 5 are intended to tell us ________.

A.poor management in agriculture

B.reasons for low food production

C.consequences caused by hunger

D.various contributors to hunger

3.What is the author's attitude to the world starvation issue?

A.Pessimistic. B.Reserved.

C.Concerned. D.Ambiguous.

B

Have you ever heard of agritourism where you can experience farm life? If not, Dr Cindy Ayers-Elliott will tell you the real story of Foot Print Farms.

The original concept of building Foot Print Farms was simple. When Ayers-Elliott returned to her hometown after graduation,she didn't have to look any further than her state's alarming health statistics to find a mission.Everywhere she went,there were reports of high blood pressure, obesity and heart disease.“The problem was already identified,”explains Ayers-Elliott.“Too many Mississippians were seriously unhealthy and it didn't take research to see that. And many of the state's greatest health challenges could directly result from poor diet.”

These days, Foot Print Farms, which started with a few raised beds of herbs and vegetables, is making fresh, naturally grown food.“Speaking of the key to my success, the cooperative model works because we share the work and rewards,”notes Ayers-Elliott.“A perfect example is the Wingfield High School football team. To earn the money for equipment and other items, players committed to working five hours a week on the farm, and by the end of the summer they'd produced 1,000 melons and the profits from their sales helped to buy weights, T-shirts, sweatsuits and pregame meals. But the lessons they learned about the rewards of hard work and working together to accomplish something were even more valuable products of their efforts.”

“It's a model that can easily be learned in other places and I'm looking forward to seeing some of our current partners do just that—to take what they have learned here and spin it off in other communities,”remarks Ayers-Elliott. She is now looking forward to developing an agritourism area to the farm, where visitors can experience farm life, learn new skills and take with them seeds of inspiration they can sow in their own communities when they return home.

4.What made Ayers-Elliott set up Foot Print Farms?

A.The problems faced by local farmers.

B.Her further research into heart disease.

C.The failure of her career after graduation.

D.The health state of people in her hometown.

5.Why does the author take the football team as an example?

A.To advocate the concept of independence.

B.To stress the importance of teamwork.

C.To support the idea of cooperative model.

D.To explore the key to success.

6.What is Ayers-Elliott's attitude towards the future of Foot Print Farms?

A.Optimistic. B.Skeptical.

C.Cautious. D.Ambiguous.

7.What is the main idea of the text?

A.Naturally grown food benefits people's health.

B.Food Print Farms is making a difference in Mississippi.

C.Ayers-Elliott encourages people to experience farm life.

D.Agritourism is becoming increasingly popular in America.

C

Can small, organic agriculture really feed the world? Won't we need science to produce enough food as the world population is growing to 9 billion by 2050? The answer to both questions is YES—but that science may look different than you think.

We've been told that the only way we'll be able to feed the growing population is through the science of GM crops and chemicals. But the latest scientific studies are saying just the opposite. In study after study, the message about agriculture is that to feed the world, we need to support sustainable (可持续的) agriculture on different local family farms that work with nature.

In 2008, an international study found that sustainable agriculture, not GM crops,shows more hope of ending hunger.The International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge,Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD), calls for a change of the world's food and farming systems.

The IAASTD reports that industrial agriculture has greatly destroyed the world's soils and other natural resources,and now is causing water pollution,energy crisis,and air pollution. The report warns that expensive, short-term ways—including GM crops are not likely to cut down long-term hunger,and could even make environment and social problems worse in many places.

A recent report by the UN Environment Program shows that food problems are becoming more serious and strongly supports sustainable agriculture on small family farms. It also shows that a worldwide change to organics can actually increase the world's food production by as much as 50%—enough to feed a population of 9 billion people with the land we have now.GM crops,once popular,are now being questioned worldwide.

8.How can we feed the growing population of the world?

A.In expensive,short-term planting ways.

B.By encouraging industrial agriculture.

C.By developing small,organic agriculture.

D.Through the science of GM crops and chemicals.

9.Which of the following can best interpret sustainable agriculture?

A.The science of GM crops.

B.Working on small family farms.

C.A fast way to increase the world's food production.

D.An approach to agriculture without harming the environment.

10.What is suggested in the last paragraph?

A.There will be fewer food problems if we use big family farms.

B.There will be fewer food problems if the world supports GM food.

C.There will be fewer food problems if we increase a lot of farmland.

D.There will be fewer food problems if the world supports sustainable agriculture.

11.Where is this text most likely from?

A.A diary.

B.A magazine.

C.A novel.

D.A guide book.

D

The over 48,000 orange trees in Seville, Spain, not only fill the city's air with the pleasant smell of orange blossoms in spring,but they also produce over 16,500 tons of fruit every winter. Though that makes the capital of southern Spain's Andalusia region Europe's top orange-producing city,the fruit is too sour to be consumed fresh.While some of the produce is used to make orange jam and an alcoholic drink,most of it ends up in Seville's landfills (填埋场).However,that may change soon thanks to a clever idea to use the oranges to produce clean energy.

The trial programme is being launched by the city's council and park department in cooperation with Emasesa, Seville's water supply and sanitation (卫生设施体系) division.Juice from 38.6 tons of oranges will be left to ferment (发酵) in a specialised facility. The methane (甲烷) released from the fermented liquid will be captured and used to drive a generator to produce clean power. The officials estimate the test run will produce about 1,500 kWh of energy—enough to run one of Emasesa's water purification plants.To ensure there is no waste,the orange,peels and flesh will be used as fertiliser.

“It's not just about saving money. The oranges are a problem for the city, and we're producing added value from waste,”said Benigno Lopez, head of Emasesa's environmental department.

If successful,by 2023,the city hopes to recycle all the oranges and add the electricity produced back into its power transmission network. In trial runs, one ton of oranges produced 50 kWh of clean energy—enough to cover the daily electricity needs of five homes.The project team estimates that if all the fruit is recycled, it will produce enough energy to power as many as 73,000 residences.

“This project will help us to reach our targets for reducing emissions, energy selfsufficiency, and the circular economy,”Juan Espadas Cejas, mayor of Seville, said in the press conference announcing the trial scheme.

12.What do we know about oranges in Seville?

A.They are usually picked in spring.

B.They are not recommended to be eaten fresh.

C.They are mostly used to make jams and juice.

D.They make Seville the world's top orange-producing city.

13.What is paragraph 2 mainly about?

A.Different uses of Seville oranges.

B.Ways to produce power from juice.

C.An introduction to the trial programme.

D.Reasons for launching the trial programme.

14.What can we infer about the trial programme if it is successful?

A.The energy produced will be used to purify water.

B.All the oranges of the city can be recycled.

C.The electricity produced will go to Seville's power plants.

D.14,600 tons of recycled oranges are needed to power 73,000 homes.

15.What is the best title for the text?

A.Seville is developing new energy

B.Seville is turning waste into energy

C.Seville is seeking a market for oranges

D.Seville is contributing to energy saving

第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Five ways to reduce food waste

●Plan ahead

Before you head out for your weekly shop,create a meal plan for the week.Think about what you are going to cook each day and how you are going to use the leftovers.__16_,make a shopping list and most importantly,stick to it!

●Shop smartly

Shopping smartly may sound simple, but it is an important way to reduce food waste.When you go food shopping,avoid overbuying as this can lead to throwing food away.__17_.It may also be useful to take a photo of your fridge and cupboards to remind you of what you already have.

●__1__8

When purchasing fresh food products, be sure to check the use-by dates to make you have enough time to use it and avoid any waste. If a product is labelled“best before”, it is a guideline and is about quality,not safety.The food will be safe to eat but may not be at its best.

●Freeze your leftovers

When you cook a big meal, make sure to save the leftovers and eat them at a later date. You should label your leftovers, so you can keep track of how long they've been in your fridge.__19_.

●Store things wisely

__2_0_. For example, fruits should be stored in the fridge, except bananas and pineapples. It will extend its life and make it fresh and crisp for snacking on. And potatoes and onions are not friends,as they produce gases which spoil each other.Both should be stored separately in cool,dry and dark places.

A.Check use-by dates

B.Avoid wasting food

C.Once you have planned your meals

D.If you want to store fruits and vegetables

E.Storing your food in the right way can extend its life

F.It means shopping more often and buying less each time

G.Adding them to your daily meal plans saves your own time and money

第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

One cool morning, my mother and I went to several garage sales (宅前旧货出售) to find something that our family might want. We finally__21_at a pleasant house in the woods. The elderly__22_told me that he and his wife were retired teachers. As we were searching,I heard the gentleman's wife say her__23_to someone,and I immediately__2__4 who she was.She looked at me and said,“You're Lisa Miller.”I looked at her__25_,for it had been nearly thirty__26_since I had been in her class.

My mother immediately said sorry to her for any trouble I might have made. She did that again after learning that I wasn't the sweet little child. She thought that if this woman__2_7_me after so many years,I must have done something__28_.My teacher looked at my mother and softly said,“Oh,no.She was very good.”My teacher__29_that during the last week of school,I__30_her a plant from my mother's garden.It was a lamb's ear.She took us to her garden where she planted the lamb's ear. Over the years it__31_. As I looked down her driveway with lamb's ear on both sides, she said,“Every day when I leave my house and drive up the driveway, I think of you.”Tears__32_my eyes. There at her home was a piece of my life that she had raised.

At that moment,she taught me more about life than I could imagine.We give pieces of ourselves every day__33_thought. We seldom imagine the effects (影响) that we have on others' lives. That piece may grow and spread, becoming a(n)__34_part of a life. In the end, it isn't the big things that matter,__35_the small things that make all the difference in the world.

21.A.stopped B.searched C.started D.left

22.A.worker B.buyer C.owner D.player

23.A.price B.name C.address D.age

24.A.guessed B.forgot C.learned D.realized

25.A.tiredly B.worriedly C.wearily D.surprisedly

26.A.months B.days C.years D.weeks

27.A.remembered B.saw C.considered D.found

28.A.special B.lucky C.friendly D.terrible

29.A.warned B.reported C.explained D.expressed

30.A.lent B.brought C.posted D.bought

31.A.spread B.died C.fell D.disappeared

32.A.gave up B.turned to C.came into D.took away

33.A.within B.by C.through D.without

34.A.unimportant B.necessary C.large D.whole

35.A.but B.though C.because D.so

第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

We always think it's OK for us to leave our plants unattended during our vacation,but a recent study has led to a new 36. _________(discover).

Some scientists tested tobacco plants and tomato plants by cutting off their stems (茎)and 37. _________(stop) watering them. They then recorded their response with a microphone 38. _________(place)ten centimeters away.

They found that the plants began to scream ultrasonic (超声的)waves,which they believed could convey their suffering 39. _________other plants. When the stems of the tomato plants were cut,the scientists found that 40. _________screamed 25 ultrasonic waves of suffering within an hour. The tobacco plants that had their stems cut 41._________(send)out 15.

The plants also seemed to respond to different 42. _________(stress)with the different intensities (强度) of sounds. The scientists observed that the tobacco plants let out 43. _________(loud) sounds when they were not watered than when they had their stems cut.

The study answers the question that 44. _________plants can feel pain or not. It can change the way that we think about the plant kingdom, which has been 45._________(natural)considered to be almost silent.

第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节 （满分15分）

假定你家乡的一个于2015年创建的有机农场最近开设了英文网站，请你根据以下提示信息为其写一篇简短的介绍。

1.农场的主要经营项目；

2.农场的目标；

3.农场的特色服务。

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

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第二节 （满分25分）

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Akram would spend his day taking care of sheep on the grassland.When night fell,he only had one thing to entertain himself—to talk to the stars,and study the shape of the constellation (星座). Afterwards, he would move back to the camp late at night and rest before starting the same routine the next day. In fact, his life formed an endless cycle of traveling between the grassland and a small camp house with a roof made of grass, but that had only been his routine for two years. Before that, he had been living in a small village with his family.

He was just ten but was homeless two years ago, and was forced to travel across his country to the neighboring country,leaving behind a wonderful childhood on his own land.

After settling down in the valley in this new land, he was used to his new life by accepting that he was taking care of sheep, something that he had never thought of doing before. It was his job to lead the sheep to the grassland and let them eat grass. From time to time, he would take his sheep to a more remote valley, because it reminded him of his village and his grandfather.

Sometimes,he imagined losing himself in those sands blown by the wind,and going to another world, free of suffering, pain and cruelty. In this way, he passed his time, keeping his memories alive by simply recalling them again and again,refusing to let them disappear.

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

Paragraph 1:

Akram always remembered wonderful days with his grandfather on many nights.______

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Paragraph 2:

However,such thoughts broke when some sheep started bleating(咩咩叫).___________

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