自然灾害

本刊试题研究中心

第一部分 单句语法填空

1.The room was flooded _______warm and golden sunlight.

2.The firemen rescued a baby _______the burning house.

3.Eating too much meat one time will cause damage _______your stomach.

4.Most people present at the meeting were greatly _______(affect)by his speech.

5.The whole city lay _______ruins after the earthquake,which made us awake all night.

6.I was quite _______(shock)to see my face on that screen!

7.Because of the greenhouse effect, the earth is warmed by gases _______(trap) in the atmosphere.

8.My father was buried _______a book when I walked into the room.

9.People are concerned about the quality of the air they _______(breath).

10.Many parents arrange everything for their children and spare no _______(effort)to pave the way for their success.

11.Many companies are suffering _______a shortage of skilled staff.

12.The government has supplied the local people _______plenty of food and clothes since the flood occurred.

13.His presence had a _______(calm)influence.

14.The old man gets around _______the aid of a walking stick.

15.The old man became one of the few _______(survive)of the family.

第二部分 完成句子

1.暴雨对庄稼造成了很大的损害。（cause）

The heavy rain has ____________________________the crops.

2.这个班男孩的数量是20。（number）

_______boys in this class is 20.

3.那一刻，似乎世界末日就要来临了！（as if）

_______the world was coming to an end at that moment!

4.今天早上我比平时更早到教室。（usual）

This morning I came to my class a little earlier ______________.

5.最后，真相被挖了出来。（dig）

At last,the truth _____________________.

6.医生让我吸气，然后慢慢呼出。（breathe）

The doctor told me to breathe in and ______________slowly.

7.一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两名被困在山里两天的游客。（trap）

A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists___________________________________the mountain for two days.

8.她沉浸在书中，没有听到电话铃声。（bury）

_______,she did not hear the phone ringing.

9.他们冲了出去，没有把门锁上。（leave+宾语+宾语补足语）

They rushed out, ____________________________.

10.随着时间的推移，我习惯了那里的生活。（with的复合结构）

_______,I got used to the life there.

11.并非所有的竹子都会长得很高。（部分否定）

_______bamboo grows tall.

12.住在我们隔壁的那位男士是一位警官。（定语从句）

The man ___________________________________is a police officer.

13.窗户朝南的那个房间是我的。（定语从句）

The room ______________faces south is mine.

14.这就是他错过公共汽车的原因。（定语从句）

_______________________________________________he missed his bus.

15.他总是记得他父亲从国外回来的那一天。（定语从句）

He always remembered _____________________his father returned from abroad.

第三部分 阅读

第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years, and it is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future. Some of the world's leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.

London

London's flood defences are getting older.Since 1982,the Thames Barrier (水闸) has protected the city from the threat of flooding,but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. About 26 years later, the barrier closed five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency's predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not addressed.

There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals, an airport and 80 billion worth of property in London's flood risk area, so a large scale flooding would be disastrous.

Paris

Over a six-week period in July and August 2003, more than 11,400—mainly elderly people—died in France from dehydration (脱水)and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave.Heat waves of similar intensity (强度)are expected every seven years by 2050,so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?

One solution is to have air conditioners installed in elderly care homes. But this is considered a short-term solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emission(排放).

In Paris, the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings, such as the building“Flower Tower”, which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air conditioner.

Shanghai

Shanghai is one of the fastest growing cities on Earth. It has a population of over 24 million and is only 2.19 meters above sea level. Sea level is predicted to rise by 20 centimeters within the next century.

Warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.Measures have been taken by the local authorities to lessen energy consumption and slow the speed of global warming.

1.What problem should be settled now in London?

A.How to protect the city's property.

B.Where to build its flood defences.

C.How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city.

D.How to improve the function of the old flood defences.

2.The purpose of the text is________.

A.to tell us how to protect big cities

B.to give advice on how to defend natural disasters

C.to explain what causes floods and heat waves

D.to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big cities

3.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A.Big cities facing big disasters

B.Big disasters in the future

C.The increase of natural disasters

D.Solutions to natural disasters

B

After erupting almost continuously for over three decades—from 1983 to 2018, Hawaii's Kilauea volcano finally seemed to lose steam, producing no lava (岩浆) for nearly two years.The stillness ended on the night of December 20,2020,when the active volcano began erupting lava fountains, gas and steam from a crack in the northwest wall of the Halema'uma'u crater(火山口).

By December 31, 2020, the volcano had erupted over 27 million cubic meters of molten rock—enough to fill more than 8,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools—and replaced the existing water lake with a nearly 600-foot-deep lava lake. Fortunately, the magma (岩浆) was contained inside the volcano's crater and did not bring a risk to people or property as it did in 2018,when the molten rock flowed through a residential neighborhood,destroying over 700 homes.

Residents, however, were asked to limit outdoor activities in areas with high volcanic smog,which is a form of air pollution created when sulfur dioxide and other pollutants sent out from volcanic activity interact chemically with atmospheric steam, oxygen, dust, and sunlight.While not deadly,it can bring unpleasant feelings to skin,eyes,noses and throats,and it can be particularly harmful to individuals with breathing problems.

Now recognized as one of the world's youngest and most active volcanoes,Kilauea was initially believed to be one offshoot of a bigger volcano.It was only after researchers discovered a magma system extending over 37 miles inside its crater in 1884 that the volcano was finally accepted as a separate unit.

Many locals believe that Kilauea's eruptions are caused by Pele, a Hawaiian volcano goddess who lives in the mountain. According to a popular folk story, the goddess was forced to leave Tahiti. Upon arriving at Hawaii, she burst with anger, creating destructive fire caves and volcanoes. While Pele was killed during a historic battle with her sister Nāmaka on the island of Maui,her spirit lives on inside the Halema'uma'u crater.

4.What can we infer from paragraph 2?

A.The volcano is located near a lake.

B.Kilauea was completely dead in 2020.

C.Magma seldom erupts out of craters.

D.The 2018 eruption did some damage.

5.Why were citizens asked to stay indoors as much as possible?

A.The roads were ruined after the eruption.

B.The volcano may erupt at any time.

C.The volcanic smog can be harmful to people.

D.The atmosphere outside was deadly.

6.What does the underlined word“offshoot”in paragraph 4 mean?

A.Branch. B.Mixture.

C.Ancestor. D.Product.

7.What is paragraph 5 mainly about?

A.How Kilauea got its name. B.Why Kilauea became active.

C.The origin of Kilauea. D.A tale about Kilauea.

C

A sandstorm, also known as a dust storm, is exactly what it sounds like. A very strong windstorm, especially in the desert, carries clouds of sand or dust that greatly reduces visibility. This wind is usually caused by convection currents (对流气流) which are created by intense heating of the ground and is usually strong enough to move entire sand dunes.Air is unstable when heated and this instability (不稳定)in the air will cause higher winds to mix with winds in the lower atmosphere,producing strong surface winds.

Sandstorms can disturb people's travel and can sometimes destroy whole roads, and dry flat areas. Similar dust storms can be found on the planet Mars, and are thought to be seasonal. Today the destruction of forests and too much farming of farmland can lead to sandstorms.Too much use of water resources can also cause sandstorms.

In the United States of America, sandstorms are rare because of the lack of large deserts and more importantly the development of proper agricultural techniques. The last recorded destructive sandstorm in American history was the Dust Bowl, which occurred on July 16,1971 and was widely recorded by meteorologists(气象学家).

To protect themselves from sandstorms, some people wear protective suits. Special equipment can be fixed in some cars to prevent sand from getting into the engine. Sandstorms can cause coughs, and the sand and dust has also been known to carry“infectious diseases”. Sand particles, unlike dust ones, will block air passages, and cause a person who breathes them in to choke.Dust particles may cause an allergic(过敏的)reaction.

8.Which of the following plays the first part in forming sandstorms?

A.The instability of the sand.

B.The instability of the wind.

B.The speed of the wind.

D.The intense heating of the ground.

9.What can be learned from the second paragraph?

A.Sandstorms are more often seen on Mars than on Earth.

B.Human activities are a major cause of sandstorms.

C.Farming brings more harm than benefits to humans.

D.Sandstorms have led to the lack of clean water resources.

10.Why are sandstorms uncommon in the USA?

A.There are few deserts.

B.There is not much agriculture.

C.Proper agricultural techniques are used.

D.Meteorologists do research on sandstorms.

11.What does the author probably agree with according to the text?

A.Humans should make more efforts to stop soil turning into deserts.

B.Humans haven't thought of any way to deal with sandstorms.

C.Death caused by sandstorms is increasing all the time.

D.There will soon be no sandstorms in the USA.

D

The number of weather-related disasters has increased by five times over the past 50 years, the latest report by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said. However,thanks to improved early warning systems and disaster management, the number of deaths from these hazards has been almost three times less.

According to the WMO, from 1970 to 2019, weather, climate and water hazards accounted for 50 percent of all disasters.Among the top 10 hazards that led to the largest loss of human life during this period were droughts, storms, floods and extreme temperatures.However,deaths fell from over 50,000 in the 1970s to less than 20,000 in the 2010s.

“Weather, climate and water extremes are increasing and will become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world as a result of climate change,”says WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas.

“That means more heat waves, droughts and forest fires such as those we have observed recently in Europe and North America. More water vapor (水蒸气) in the atmosphere is worsening extreme rainfall and deadly flooding.The warming of the oceans has affected the frequency and area of existence of the most intense tropical storms.”

“Economic losses are increasing as exposure increases.But behind the statistics lies a message of hope.Improved multi-hazard early warning systems have led to a significant reduction in deaths.Quite simply,we are better than ever before at saving lives,”Taalas said.

12.What does the underlined word“hazards”in paragraph 1 probably mean?

A.Something polluted. B.Something reported.

C.Something dangerous. D.Something safe.

13.What do we know from the first paragraph?

A.Disasters connected with weather have gone up.

B.The number of weather-related disasters has decreased.

C.The number of deaths from hazards has been increasing.

D.Early warning systems have made disasters decline much.

14.What will happen according to Petteri Taalas?

A.There will be more extreme weather.

B.Extreme rainfall will no longer exist.

C.Water vapor in the atmosphere will go down.

D.Humans will defeat extreme weather in the end.

15.What is hopeful behind the bad news?

A.Improved warning systems will save economic losses.

B.Economic losses are going down as exposure increases.

C.More lives will be saved thanks to early warning systems.

D.Improved early warning systems will control extreme weather.

第二节

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

The thought of a natural disaster can be frightening, but you can prepare yourself and your family with an emergency kit. Though you may not know what kind of disasters will strike or when, 16 .

Pack a 3-day supply of food and water. Choose food items with a long shelf life,which don't require refrigeration or little cooking, such as canned goods and packaged items,in case you don't have power due to a disaster.Besides,Store 1 gallon (3.8 L)of water per person (and per pet) per day. 17 , so be sure to include plenty of purified (净化的)water in bottles.

18 . Pack emergency blankets, sleeping bags, and a tent or two in case you can't stay in your home. A multipurpose tool like a knife and a whistle would also be handy to have in your kit.

Pack electronics and batteries.In the event of a big disaster,be sure to have several flashlights,an AM/FM radio,and extra batteries, 19 .

Include medicines and a first-aid kit.Prescriptions and over-the-counter medicines should be included in your kit. 20 . Pack extra glasses and any other medical supplies that may be needed,like hearing aids with extra batteries.

A.here are some tips for you

B.Add shelter and safety supplies

C.It's best to store enough water for 2 weeks

D.Tap water may be unsafe to drink in the event of a disaster

E.you'll be ready for an emergency if you take the time to get well prepared

F.Add a basic first-aid kit containing instant ice packs,bandages,scissors and so on

G.because your landline and cellphone will probably not work during a natural disaster

第四部分 语言运用

第一节

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Hurricane Harvey struck Texas about five years ago, and many communities continue to feel its effects today.The areas that were 1 most by Harvey faced many economic 2 .After Harvey hit, the people who were 3 to meet their basic needs were faced with having to rebuild their lives and their homes as well. 4 Harvey and the affected communities, the East Harris County Recovery Project was created to help individuals and families that were hit particularly 5 by the hurricane and support them until they 6 .Good360, a non-profit charity group, is 7 to partner this organization to assist the 8 communities.

Good360 donated backpacks to the East Harris County Empowerment Council for students returning to school who would not have been able to 9 new backpacks.The weeks 10 the start of school were particularly hard for families. Parents were often forced to choose between having 11 on the dinner table,putting gas in the car,and buying school 12 for their children. The donation of backpacks allowed them to 13 meeting other needs.

One family in the county was especially impacted by this donation. When it was time to buy school items, the mother was 14 that she would not have enough money for her two children in school. Thanks to Good360's 15 , both children received brand new backpacks.

1.A.applied B.hit C.funded D.relieved

2.A.challenges B.impressions C.currents D.services

3.A.signaling B.struggling C.confirming D.marching

4.A.In case of B.In addition to C.In response to D.In place of

5.A.clearly B.deep C.hard D.tidily

6.A.recover B.revise C.reflect D.retire

7.A.shocked B.unlikely C.unwilling D.proud

8.A.defeated B.deserted C.unearthed D.impacted

9.A.buy B.produce C.design D.rent

10.A.setting a limit to B.referring to C.leading up to D.giving rise to

11.A.fun B.food C.difficulty D.argument

12.A.games B.businesses C.sources D.supplies

13.A.focus on B.give up C.draw on D.object to

14.A.inspired B.concerned C.determined D.scared

15.A.procedure B.rescue C.donation D.power

第二节

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) was formed in 2001. The team brings help and hope to those 16. ________lives are changed by a storm, a flood, an earthquake,or any other natural disaster.

After long and careful training, the team went on its first international rescue mission in 2003. That year, the Chinese team helped save 17. ________(life) after earthquakes in Algeria and Iran. It was the first time that a Chinese team had worked outside China, and the team was 18. ________(high)praised for their bravery and skill.

Since then, the CISAR 19. ________(complete) many missions. The list of people 20. ________whom help has been given is long. The team treated more than 3,000 people who were injured in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia, helped 25,000 21.________(wound) people after the earthquake that hit Haiti in 2010, and spent several months 22. ________(give)aid to over 25,000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan.

Rescue workers are trained to find people,treat injuries,and hand out food,water and other supplies. 23. ________they have to do is difficult under conditions which can be very dangerous. After a disaster, there is usually no electricity or water, and there may be diseases and accidents. Rescue workers get to save lives, but they must also bury 24. ________dead.That means they have to be strong in both body 25. ________mind.

第五部分 写作

第一节

假定你是李华，你校将举办一场以“How to survive an earthquake”为主题的讲座。请你写一封邮件邀请你的外国朋友George参加，内容包括：

1.邮件的目的；

2.讲座的主要内容；

3.讲座的时间和地点。

注意：词数80左右。

Dear George,

________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

第二节

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

A holiday in Penang is an annual affair for my family. My parents grew up in Penang and are very fond of Penang food. In December every year, we would drive up to the island to spend three days visiting their favorite food haunts(常去的地方).

This year,we started our journey up north on a Friday morning.It took us six hours to reach our destination. We stayed at one of the hotels in Batu Ferringhi. The beach was just a short walk from the hotel entrance and our rooms had a lovely view of the sea. We spent our first evening playing on the beach. After dinner, we returned to our rooms to play games.My parents had a rule for our holidays,which was that we were to spend time doing things together. There was to be no TV and no Internet.

The next morning, we went to Bukit Bendera and then spent the rest of the afternoon in town visiting our favorite hawker stalls (小贩摊位). As we were having tea at a coffee shop,we overheard people talking about an earthquake near Sumatera,an island in Indonesia. We headed back to the hotel and then went to the beach. We took a walk along the beach, picking up seashells along the way. Looking up, I saw the sun shining brighter than I ever knew before. I saw a tree trembling in the distance as it reflected the sun's rays. It never occurred to us that something awful would take place. Suddenly, I noticed a strange thing.The sea seemed to be leaving from the shore.I called my father to look at the curious occurrence.My father took one look and went pale.We saw a grey line in the distance moving towards the shore.It seemed to grow taller by the second.

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

Paragraph 1:

My father shouted at us to run back to the hotel.

________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

Paragraph 2:

We waited a long time before going downstairs.

________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________