2023年高考热门主题语境7：做人与处事

四川 蒋建平

一、素材积累

Ⅰ. 核心单词

1. modest adj. 谦虚的；谦逊的modesty n. 谦虚；谦逊

2. low-key adj. 低调的

3. generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的generosity n. 慷慨

4. apologize vi. 道歉；谢罪apology n. 道歉；致歉

5. bear vt. 承受；承担责任；忍受

6. beg vt. & vi. 请求；乞求；乞讨

7. bow vi. & n. 鞠躬；低（头）

8. calm adj. 镇静；沉着的vt. 使镇静；使平静

9. caution n. 谨慎；小心；警告cautious adj. 小心的；谨慎的

10. devote vt. 献身；把……专用（于）devotion n. 奉献；忠诚

11. honest adj. 诚实的；正直的

12. mercy n. 仁慈merciful adj. 仁慈的；宽大的

13. patient adj. 有耐心的；能忍耐的patience n. 恒心；耐心

14. sacrifice n. 牺牲；舍弃；祭品vt. 牺牲；献出

15. virtue n. 美德；优秀品质

16. dignity n. 尊贵；高尚

17. grateful adj. 感激的

18. plain adj. 朴素的；简单的plainly adv. 明白地；坦率地

19. concern n. 担心；关爱vt.涉及；让（某人）担忧；对……感兴趣concerned adj. 忧虑的；关注的

Ⅱ. 高频短语

1. feel wronged 觉得委屈

2. make much of 重视；认为很重要

3. observe public order 遵守公共秩序

4. keep pace with the times 与时俱进

5. be devoted to 投身于……

6. make contributions to 对……做出奉献

7. care about 担心；关心

8. put up with 容忍；忍受

9. tend to do sth 往往会做某事；倾向于做某事

10. make it a point of doing sth （因重要或必要）保证做某事

11. worry about 担心；担忧

12. carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关

13. assist sb to do/in doing sth 帮助某人做某事

14. long for sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事

15. have an optimistic attitude towards对……保持乐观的态度

16. be moved to tears 感动得流泪

Ⅲ. 靓句积累

1. that引导同位语从句

His charming personality lies in a simple fact that he never hesitates to help others. 他的人格魅力在于一个简单的事实：对帮助别人，他从不犹豫。

2. only放在句首修饰状语，句子要部分倒装

Only through persistent pursuit can we be able to make progress and development. 只有通过坚持不懈的追求，我们才能够取得进步和发展。

3. whatever引导让步状语从句

Whatever you are after, if you are too focused on the end result, you may miss the rewarding journey that will ultimately get you there. 无论你追求的是什么，如果你太专注于最终的结果，你可能会错过最终将你带到那里的有益旅程。

二、续写金句

1. Virtually nothing is impossible in this world if you just put your mind to it and maintain a positive attitude. 如果你把心思放在某件事上并保持积极的态度，那么在这个世界上几乎没有什么是不可能的。

2. Don't hate the mistakes of fate,don't be afraid of the bumps of the journey, go forward to your dreams, and don't regret even if you are wrong. 不要怨恨命运的错误，不要害怕旅途的坎坷，向着梦想前进，即使错了也不要后悔。

3. I can't care for so much gossip. I can only have beautiful scenery, many opportunities and short life, and don't curl up in a small shadow. 我顾不了那么多的闲言碎语，我只能拥有美丽的风景、众多的机遇，人生很短，不要蜷缩在一小块阴影里。

4. My mission in life is not merely to survive, but to thrive; and to do so with some passion, some compassion, some humour, and some style. 我的人生使命不仅仅是为了生存，而是为了茁壮成长；并以一些激情、一些同情心、一些幽默和一些风格来做到这一点。

5. It doesn't matter how many times you fail. What matters is how many times you stand up and try again. 失败多少次不重要，重要的是你能重新站起来多少次，并且再次尝试。

三、主题测评

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

体裁：议论文 篇幅：343词

建议用时：7分钟 来源：改编

新颖度：★★★★

素养视角：坦诚地表达自己

In the late 1960s, the anthropologist(人类学家) Edmund Carpenter arrived in New Guinea armed with mirrors, videos and Polaroid cameras, and a mission: to disrupt (扰乱) the minds of members of the Biami tribe, who had never seen full reflections or images of themselves. “After their first astonished response—covering their mouths and ducking their heads—they stood frozen, staring at their images,”said Carpenter. Carpenter's devices disturb that inner image, causing discomfort, but not for long. Within days, the villagers groomed themselves openly before mirrors and began taking Polaroid shots of each other.

It's unclear if the people of Biami were really as unfamiliar with mirrors as Carpenter thought. But in any case, what's striking isn't how strange their reaction seems, but how their reaction is related.Do you know how it feels when you make a pleasant remark in a lift, but nobody responds? Or when two people greeting each other misjudge whether to go for a handshake, a hug or a social kiss? That's the same awkwardness—“self-consciousness tinged with uncertainty”, as Melissa Dahl defines it. Suddenly, I see I'm viewed not as a friendly conversationalist, but as a strange person who talks in the lift.

As awkwardness feels unpleasant, it's natural to want to overcome it. Dahl's initial motivation for writing her book Cringeworthy: A Theory of Awkwardness, was to get over her own awkwardness. But after a journey through various awkward experiences, she made a persuasive case for celebrating it. We live in an era with more opportunities than ever to improve the image we're presenting, and more pressure than ever to do so. But awkwardness breaks that false appearance, exposing the imperfect life behind it. It creates a strange kind of social bond—how much in common we have when seeing that behind the disguise(伪装)—we're all just trying our best to seem perfect.

The awkward you, then, are the real you, the one without the defensive performance. Dahl even indicates that taking a friendlier attitude toward awkwardness might help us make the connections with people holding different opinions.

1. How did the people of Biami feel when they first saw themselves in the mirror?

A. Ashamed of their appearance.

B. Shocked at their reflections.

C. Satisfied with their images.

D. Curious about their looks.

2. Which of the following awkwardness is“self-consciousness tinged with uncertainty”?

A. You slip over just to the face of the girl in your dream.

B. You are caught cheating but get nothing in an exam.

C. You are found standing in public with your trousers' zip open.

D. You're refused when offering your seat to a seemingly pregnant woman.

3. What causes you to feel embarrassed from time to time according to the text?

A. Lacking courage to face some problems.

B. Avoiding pressure from others.

C. Not knowing anything novel.

D. Seeking perfection.

4. What should you do to solve your awkwardness according to the text?

A. Express yourself honestly with no defensive cover.

B. Get ready to guard against any threat from others.

C. Connect with your friends regularly.

D. Treat others in a friendly way.

Ⅱ. 补全信息

体裁：说明文 篇幅：274词

建议用时：6分钟 来源：改编

新颖度：★★★★

素养视角：保持乐观的好处与方法

Learned optimism is about developing the ability to view the world from a positive point of view. 1 According to research, people who were more optimistic at age 25 were much healthier later between the ages of 45 and 60 than the pessimistic （悲观的） people. Optimistic people tend to live longer. 2 When trying to lose weight, for example, optimists are more likely to focus on positive changes,which will help them reach their goals.

According to research, in addition to being partly hereditary （遗传的）,optimism levels are also influenced by childhood experiences. Research suggests that it may be beneficial to teach kids optimism skills late enough in childhood, but before the arrival of puberty （青春期）. 3 Teaching children such skills at their young ages might help them avoid psychological problems.

4 Now let's use an example to show it: Imagine that you recently started a new exercise plan but you're having trouble sticking with it. Then write down the thoughts running through your mind.You might think things like “Maybe I'm not strong enough to reach my goals”. Meanwhile, ask yourself, “Did such beliefs result in positive actions, or prevent me reaching my goals?” Then you may quickly realize that the negative beliefs make it more difficult to stick with your workout plan. 5 And in this way, you'll be left feeling more motivated.

A. There is an effective approach to becoming optimistic.

B. There are many benefits of becoming an optimistic person.

C. They don't let it influence their beliefs about their abilities in other areas.

D. Optimists, on the other hand, expect that good things will happen to them.

E. Next, try to consider all of the times when you did successfully finish your workout.

F. This is because kids have skills to think about their own thoughts during this period.

G. Additionally,optimism can also help you maintain motivation when pursuing goals.

Ⅲ. 书面表达

在高中毕业典礼上，你想做一次感恩演讲，感谢你的英语老师Mr Li三年来的付出。请根据以下要点写一篇演讲稿。

1. 感恩的具体事例；

2. 给你带来的积极影响；

3. 你的祝福。

注意：

1. 词数80左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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