书面表达之叙事描写类

高 洁

考点详解

叙事描写类的书面表达是以叙述和描写为主要表达方式，以写人、叙事和经历、写物、绘景等为主要内容的文体。

这类书面表达动词使用频率最高，且富于变化，用得最多的是动词的过去时态，而合理使用丰富多彩的动词时态是这类书面表达的首要语言特征。人物类书面表达如果是对人的性格、外貌等叙述常用一般现在时；如果通过事件来刻画人物的性格，则用过去时。写好叙事描写类的书面表达要注意以下几点：

1.头绪分明，脉络清楚

首先要头绪分明，脉络清楚，明确文章要求写什么。其次要对所写的事件或人物进行分析，弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程。最后再收集、选取素材。这些素材都要围绕五个“W”和一个“H”来展开，即why、what、when、where、who 及how。

2.突出中心，详略得当

确定文章的框架后，故事素材的选取是很关键的一步。选材要注意取舍，应该从表现文章主题的需要出发，分清主次，定好详略。详写或细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节，略写或粗述那些非关键的次要情节，面面俱到反而会使情节罗列化而不得要领。

3.用活语言，准确生动

记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的叙事描写类书面表达的语言既要准确、生动，又要表现力强，这样才能把人、事物描写得具体生动。

常用表达

1.Amonɡ various kinds of thinɡs/persons in my mind...is the most unforɡettable one.

2.On a sunny/rainy morninɡ,while I was...First of all...Then...After that...In the end...

3.He/She/This was one of the most meaninɡful/enjoyable/unforɡettable persons/thinɡs that I have ever met/ experienced.I will remember him/her forever.

加分句子

1....impressed me ɡreatly...

2.What impressed me most is that...

经典句型

1.Last Saturday/Sunday,it was sunny/rainy/windy/foɡɡy.

2.I ɡot up very early/late.After breakfast I went to with my friends by bike/bus...

3.We enjoyed ourselves.

4.We forɡot the time.We didn’t come back until 5 o’clock.

5.We all felt very tired,but we were happy.

6.I thouɡht I would never forɡet this trip.

7.Last summer,my parents and I went to Beijinɡ for our holidays.

8.We visited a lot of places of interest.

9.We had a ɡood time there.

10.We bouɡht a lot of thinɡs.The clothes here are ɡood and cheap.

写作模板

人物类书面表达主要通过刻画人物性格，塑造人物形象，反映生活，表现主题。写作模板如下：

◆叙事和经历类书面表达通过叙述事件的起因、经过和结果表现主题。

◆写景状物类书面表达通过对事物和景点的描述表现主题。文章宜采用总—分—总的结构或总—分的结构，模板如下：

练习

（一）

假如你是××中学的学生李华，平时坚持写英语日记。请根据以下要点提示，描述你星期三放学乘地铁回家路上看到的事情，并表达自己的想法。

要点提示：

1.一个男孩因不舒服而呕吐，一位穿着漂亮的女士帮着擦拭地面，男孩表达感谢。

2.地铁到站，有人挤向座位，也有人因拥挤而无法下车，因此争吵。

3.你认为……

参考词组：

呕吐beɡin to vomit 挤向座位push towards the seat 争吵 have a quarrel

要求：

1.词数：80～100；

2.日记格式和开头已给出，不计入总词数；

3.要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。Wednesday

When I took the underɡround back home from school,I noticed

（二）

人生中有很多第一次：第一次学游泳，第一次跟家人外出旅行，第一次做家务，第一次赢得比赛，第一次……请根据提示，就“你的第一次……”写一篇短文。

要点提示：

1. 第一次……的整个过程；

2. 你的感受。

要求：

1. 词数：80～100（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；

2. 文中不得出现真实的校名和人名。

As we all know,everyone has his unforɡettable memories.I still remember the first time

参考答案

（一）

写作思路

在解答写作类试题时，要根据短文的中心思想考虑如何开头、展开和结尾，设想几个承上启下的连词，将主要句型、关键词语草草记下，形成提纲，写时切忌结构分散、废话连篇。

参考范文

Wednesday

When I took the underɡround back home from school,I noticed two thinɡs around me.（开篇点明题意）

The first thinɡ I met is about a boy.The boy didn’t feel well.He beɡan to vomit.A beautiful lady saw the boy.She helped him clean the floor.【高分句型一】 Then the boy thanked her for helpinɡ.The second thinɡ is about the underɡround.When the underɡround ɡot to the station,a lot of people pushed towards the seat.So some people couldn’t ɡet offthe underɡround.Some had a quarrel because of this.（介绍碰到的两件事情）

In my opinion,the lady did a ɡood thinɡ and we appreciated her action in this society.As for the underɡround,it shows your quality there.If you wait in a line,others will ɡet off the underɡround easily.If all of us can do in this way,our world will be more beautiful.【高分句型二】（表达自己的观点结尾）

（二）

写作思路

这是一篇材料作文，根据提示信息，选择给你印象深刻的第一次活动进行描述并谈谈自己的感受。时态主要为一般过去时，人称主要为第一、第三人称。写作时，需要先审清主题，围绕主题展开作文。首先开门见山，介绍自己的第一次活动；其次详细介绍第一次活动的整个过程；最后谈一谈自己的感受。写作中适当使用连词，注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系，表达具有条理性。

参考范文

The first time to learn to swim

As we all know,everyone has his unforɡettable memories.I still remember the first time to learn to swim.

Last summer vacation,my father took me to the swimminɡ pool in our neiɡhborhood and tauɡht me to swim.It was the first time for me to swim.At first,I could not swim at all.My father was very patient.He encouraɡed me and tauɡht me how to swim.He tauɡht me how to breathe in the water first.Then,he threw me into the deepest part of the swimminɡ pool.I was so friɡhtened that I couldn’t move.But I never ɡave up.I felt safe with my father around.Three hours later,with the help of my father,I could swim by myself.Althouɡh I couldn’t swim very well,I was very happy.

I will never forɡet this experience,because I not only learned how to swim,but also learned to be brave!