泽漆全草中二萜类成分研究

2022-08-02 08:04梁旭博赵珍珠
中草药 2022年15期
关键词:乙腈甲醇化合物

王 妍,梁旭博,赵珍珠

泽漆全草中二萜类成分研究

王 妍,梁旭博*,赵珍珠*

河南中医药大学药学院,河南 郑州 450046

研究泽漆全草的二萜类化学成分及其抗炎活性。用醋酸乙酯对泽漆的95%乙醇提取物进行萃取得粗提物,然后采用大孔树脂、硅胶、中压制备色谱、Sephadex LH-20和高效液相色谱等多种色谱技术对醋酸乙酯部位分离纯化,根据波谱数据及理化性质鉴定化合物结构。从泽漆的醋酸乙酯部位分离得到20个二萜,分别鉴定为euphoscopin A(1)、euphoscopin B(2)、euphoscopin C(3)、euphoscopin E(4)、euphorbiapene D(5)、euphornin A(6)、euphornin B(7)、euphornin(8)、helioscopianoid M(9)、euphoheliosnoid D(10)、2α-hydroxy helioscopinolide B(11)、helioscopinolide A(12)、helioscopinolide B(13)、helioscopinolide C(14)、helioscopinolide D(15)、helioscopinolide H(16)、helioscopinolide L(17)、-16β,17-dihydroxyatlsan-3-one(18)、20--acetylingenol(19)、altotibetol(20)。并且所有化合物均筛选了NO生成抑制活性。化合物15~17、20为首次从泽漆中分离得到,所有化合物均报道于大戟属的不同植物,说明大戟属植物合成二萜的酶系具有高度同源性;活性结果显示6、8~10和19显示了微弱的抗炎活性。

泽漆;二萜;抗炎活性;euphornin A ;helioscopinolide D;altotibetol

大戟属的植物种类繁多、生境复杂、变异性大,广泛分布于世界各地[1]。二萜作为大戟属植物的主要及特征性成分,因为其结构多样性和活性多样性一直是研究热点[2]。泽漆L.别名猫眼草、五朵云、五灯草、五风草,隶属于大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)大戟属L.,生长于亚洲、欧洲及北非等地区。泽漆性凉,味辛苦,全草入药,有清热、祛痰、利尿消肿及杀虫之效[1]。临床可用于治疗结核性瘘管,细菌性痢疾,食道癌,治疗无黄疸型传染性肝炎和防治流行性腮腺炎等[2]。现代研究表明,泽漆主要含二萜类、黄酮、三萜、甾醇、多酚类化合物[3-5]。二萜作为泽漆中主要的生物活性物质,具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、清除自由基、抗炎等作用[6-10]。目前,从泽漆中分离的二萜已超过100个,涉及的骨架类型有13种[7-8,10-19]。近期,从该植物报道了3个5/10骈合双环体系的新颖且具有抗炎活性的贾白榄烷二萜类[2]。为了更好地阐明泽漆的类药效物质基础,发现更多的结构新颖和活性显著的二萜,本研究选择泽漆作为研究对象,共从醋酸乙酯部位分离并鉴定了20个二萜,分别为euphoscopin A(1)、euphoscopin B(2)、euphoscopin C(3)、euphoscopin E(4)、euphorbiapene D(5)、euphornin A(6)、euphornin B(7)、euphornin(8)、helioscopianoid M(9)、euphoheliosnoid D(10)、2α-hydroxy helioscopinolide B(11)、helioscopinolide A(12)、helioscopinolide B(13)、helioscopinolide C(14)、helioscopinolide D(15)、helioscopinolide H(16)、helioscopinolide L(17)、-16β,17- dihydroxyatlsan-3-one(18)、20--acetylingenol(19)、altotibetol(20),化合物15、16、17、20为首次从泽漆中分离得到。并对这些化合物进行了抗炎活性研究,部分化合物显示了微弱的抗炎活性。

1 仪器与材料

Bruker Avance III 500 MHz型核磁共振仪(德国Bruker公司);Agilent 1260 Series高效液相色谱仪(美国Agilent公司);AB SCIEX Qtrap 5500三重四级杆质谱仪(美国AB公司);LC-52型高压制备液相色谱仪(赛谱锐思科技有限公司);FLEXA-HP中压快速制备色谱仪HP-Q-P050(天津博纳艾杰尔科技有限公司);N-1300D-WB型旋转蒸发仪(日本EYELA公司);200-300目硅胶(青岛海洋化工厂);5 cm×10 cm薄层色谱硅胶板(青岛海洋化工厂);大孔树脂Diaion HP-20(日本三菱化学);RP18柱色谱填料(12 nm,粒径50 μm)(日本YMC公司);Sephadex LH-20(GE Healthcare公司);ZORBAX RX-C8(250 mm×9.4 mm,5 μm)色谱柱(美国Agilent公司),YMC-PACK ODS-A(250 mm×20 mm,5 μm)色谱柱(日本YMC公司);YMC-PACK ODS-A(250 mm×10 mm,5 μm)色谱柱(日本YMC公司);色谱纯甲醇(天津四友精细化学品有限公司)、色谱纯乙腈(德国Merck公司);分析纯醋酸乙酯、石油醚、丙酮(天津富宇精细化学品有限公司)。小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7购自中科院上海细胞库,DMEM培养基和胎牛血清购自BI公司;Griess Reagent、对照药物-NMMA购自Sigma公司;脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)购自索莱宝公司。

泽漆于2017年5月采自河南省开封市陈留镇,经河南中医药大学药学院董诚明教授鉴定为大戟科植物泽漆L.,标本(HFC 201705)收藏于河南中医药大学天然产物研究室。

2 提取与分离

泽漆干燥全草6.0 kg,95%乙醇冷浸提取4次,每次72 h。合并滤液,减压浓缩后,加入蒸馏水混悬,用醋酸乙酯萃取4次,萃取液经减压浓缩得到醋酸乙酯部位浸膏420 g。醋酸乙酯部位经硅胶柱色谱分离,石油醚-丙酮(20∶1、2∶1、1∶1)梯度洗脱,得到F(第1部分)、S(第2部分)、T(第3部分)3个洗脱部位。

S部位(130 g)经大孔树脂,洗脱剂为甲醇-水(20%、40%、60%、80%、100%)梯度洗脱,得11个组分Sa~Sk。组分Sd经凝胶色谱柱Sephadex LH-20(甲醇)得到4个组分Sd1~Sd4,其中Sd3经正相硅胶色谱柱以石油醚-丙酮(2∶1)等度洗脱得到Sd3a、Sd3b、Sd3c,其中Sd3a经半制备HPLC(乙腈-水70∶30→100∶0,R= 30 min, 4 mL/min)分离纯化得到化合物3(82.6 mg,R= 9.2 min)、8(1.6 mg,R= 17.6 min);Sd4经正相硅胶色谱柱以石油醚-丙酮(2∶1)等度洗脱得到4个组分Sd4a~Sd4d,Sd4b经半制备HPLC(乙腈-水60∶40→80∶20,R= 50 min,5 mL/min)分离纯化得到化合物4(3.1 mg,R= 28.7 min)、5(1.9 mg,R= 36.1 min)。组分Sf经凝胶色谱柱Sephadex LH-20(甲醇)得到5个组分Sf1~Sf5,Sf3经半制备HPLC(乙腈-水42∶58→100∶0,R= 40 min,4 mL/min)分离纯化得到化合物13(7.7 mg,R= 17.3 min)、10(2.6 mg,R= 20.6 min)、9(2.1 mg,R= 25.4 min);Sf4经半制备HPLC(乙腈-水55∶45→80∶20,R= 30 min,5 mL/min)分离纯化得到化合物6(2.3 mg,R= 9.8 min)、2(4.6 mg,R= 16.6 min)。

T部位(120 g)经大孔树脂,甲醇-水(10%、30%、60%、80%、100%)梯度洗脱,得11个组分T1~T10。组分T8、T9经RP18色谱柱甲醇-水(50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、100%)得到4个组分T8a~T8d。T8a经半制备HPLC(甲醇-水35∶65→100∶0,R= 60 min,10 mL/min)得6个组分T8a1~T8a6,T8a3经半制备HPLC(乙腈-水30∶70→50∶50,R= 30 min,4 mL/min)分离纯化得化合物15(2.8 mg,R= 25.1 min);T8a4经半制备HPLC(乙腈-水30∶70→50∶50,R= 30 min,4 mL/min)分离纯化得化合物20(2.9 mg,R= 29.0 min);T8a5经半制备HPLC(乙腈∶水30∶70→55∶45,R= 30 min,4 mL/min)分离纯化得化合物16(1.9 mg,R= 18.1 min)。T8b经半制备HPLC(甲醇-水35∶65→100∶0,R= 60 min,10 mL/min)得4个组分T8b1~T8b4,T8b2经半制备HPLC(乙腈-水28∶72→58∶42,R= 30 min,4 mL/min)分离纯化得化合物17(4.1 mg,R= 30.5 min);T8b3经半制备HPLC(乙腈-水30∶70→75∶25,R= 40 min,4 mL/min)分离纯化得到化合物19(3.9 mg,R= 35.2 min)。组分T10经RP18色谱柱甲醇-水(40%、60%、80%、100%)梯度洗脱得17个组分T10a~T10r。T10f经半制备HPLC(甲醇-水65∶35→80∶20,R= 30 min,10 mL/min)制备得T10f1~T10f8,T10f6经半制备HPLC(乙腈-水35∶65→60∶40,R= 30 min,4 mL/min)分离纯化得到化合物14(2.0 mg,R= 21.7 min)。T10h经半制备HPLC(甲醇-水65∶35→90∶10,R= 40 min,10 mL/min)制备得到7个组分T10h1~T10h7,T10h3经半制备HPLC(乙腈-水40∶60→70∶30,R= 35 min,4 mL/min)分离纯化得化合物11(23.6 mg,R= 15.2 min);T10h4经半制备HPLC(乙腈-水47∶53→75∶25,R= 35 min,4 mL/min)分离纯化得到化合物18(3.9 mg,R= 12.6 min)、12(7.3 mg,R= 17.9 min)、7(1.5 mg,R= 24.2 min);T10h5经半制备HPLC(乙腈-水50∶50→75∶25,R= 35 min,4 mL/min)分离纯化得到化合物1(2.1 mg,R= 32.8 min)。

3 结构鉴定

化合物1:无色油状物,ESI-MS/: 541 [M+H]+,分子式为C31H40O8。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 7.98 (2H, d,= 7.8 Hz, H-3ʹ, 7ʹ), 7.56 (1H, t,= 7.4 Hz, H-5ʹ), 7.44 (2H, t,= 7.7 Hz, H-4ʹ, 6ʹ), 5.91 (1H, s, H-14), 5.64 (1H, d,= 8.9 Hz, H-5), 5.30 (1H, d,= 16.0 Hz, H-11), 5.22 (1H, dd,= 7.2, 3.6 Hz, H-3), 5.11 (1H, dd,= 15.9, 8.9 Hz, H-12), 4.42 (1H, d,= 4.2 Hz, H-7), 3.28 (1H, t,= 8.2 Hz, H-4), 2.99 (1H, dd,= 15.0, 8.5 Hz, H-1), 2.96 (1H, dd,= 15.7, 10.1 Hz, H-8), 2.65 (1H, dd,= 15.5, 4.4 Hz, H-8), 2.39 (1H, m, H-2), 2.25 (1H, m, H-13), 2.18 (3H, s, 15-OCOCH3), 2.15 (3H, s, 14-OCOCH3), 1.82 (3H, s, 17-CH3), 1.43 (1H, dd,= 15.1, 9.1 Hz, H-1), 1.21 (3H, s, 19-CH3), 1.09 (3H, d,= 7.1 Hz, 20-CH3), 1.07 (3H, s, 18-CH3), 0.90 (3H, d,= 7.1 Hz, 16-CH3);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 209.6 (C-9), 170.2 (14, 15-OCOCH3), 166.4 (C-1ʹ), 140.2 (C-6), 134.0 (C-11), 133.4 (C-5ʹ), 133.1 (C-12), 130.3 (C-2ʹ), 129.5 (C-3ʹ, 7ʹ), 128.7 (C-4ʹ, 6ʹ), 120.7 (C-5), 92.2 (C-15), 83.7 (C-3), 75.6 (C-14), 71.8 (C-7), 49.2 (C-10), 45.5 (C-4), 44.6 (C-1), 42.9 (C-8), 38.1 (C-2), 37.2 (C-13), 25.5 (C-18), 25.1 (C-19), 22.9 (C-20), 22.2 (15-OCOCH3), 21.2 (14-OCOCH3), 18.9 (C-16), 18.7 (C-17)。以上数据与文献报道一致[14],故鉴定化合物1为euphoscopin A。

化合物3:无色油状物,ESI-MS/: 645 [M+H]+,分子式为C38H44O9。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 7.85 (2H, d,= 7.4 Hz, H-3ʹ, 7ʹ), 7.56 (2H, d,= 7.5 Hz, H-3ʹʹ, 7ʹʹ), 7.46 (1H, t,= 7.4 Hz, H-5ʹ), 7.30 (3H, dd,= 12.4, 7.6 Hz, H-4ʹ, 6ʹ, 5ʹʹ), 6.97 (2H, t,= 7.7 Hz, H-4ʹʹ, 6ʹʹ), 5.94 (1H, s, H-14), 5.86 (1H, d,= 8.7 Hz, H-5), 5.70 (1H, dd,= 11.4, 4.2 Hz, H-7), 5.39 (1H, d,= 16.0 Hz, H-11), 5.21 (1H, dd,= 16.0, 8.9 Hz, H-12), 5.13 (1H, dd,= 6.5, 2.0 Hz, H-3), 3.32 (1H, m, H-8), 3.29 (1H, m, H-4), 3.00 (1H, dd,= 15.5, 8.4 Hz, H-1), 2.85 (1H, dd,= 15.8, 4.2 Hz, H-8), 2.46 (1H, m, H-2), 2.20 (3H, s, 15-OCOCH3), 2.17 (3H, s, 14-OCOCH3), 2.13 (1H, m, H-13), 1.95 (3H, s, 17-CH3), 1.49 (1H, dd,= 15.5, 7.8 Hz, H-1), 1.31 (3H, s, 19-CH3), 1.14 (3H, s, 18-CH3), 1.09 (3H, d,= 7.2 Hz, 20-CH3), 0.93 (3H, d,= 7.1 Hz, 16-CH3);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 207.6 (C-9), 170.1 (14-OCOCH3), 170.1 (15-OCOCH3), 165.9 (C-1ʹ), 165.5 (C-1ʹʹ), 135.5 (C-6), 133.7 (C-11), 133.7 (C-5ʹ), 132.7 (C-5ʹʹ), 132.5 (C-12), 130.5 (C-2ʹ), 129.9 (C-2ʹʹ), 129.4 (C-3ʹ, 7ʹ), 129.3 (C-3ʹʹ, 7ʹʹ), 128.3 (C-4ʹ, 6ʹ), 128.0 (C-4ʹʹ, 6ʹʹ), 122.8 (C-5), 92.5 (C-15), 84.3 (C-3), 75.7 (C-14), 74.2 (C-7), 49.2 (C-10), 44.1 (C-4), 43.7 (C-1), 42.9 (C-8), 38.0 (C-2), 37.9 (C-13), 25.5 (C-18), 25.0 (C-19), 22.9 (C-20), 22.1 (15-OCOCH3), 21.1 (14-OCOCH3), 19.3 (C-16), 18.9 (C-17)。以上数据与文献报道一致[15],故鉴定化合物3为euphoscopin C。

化合物4:无色油状物,ESI-MS/: 497 [M+H]+,分子式为C29H36O7。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 8.03 (2H, dd,= 8.3, 1.3 Hz, H-3ʹ, 7ʹ), 7.58 (1H, t,= 7.4 Hz, H-5ʹ), 7.46 (1H, t,= 7.7 Hz, H-4ʹ, 6ʹ), 5.81(1H, d,= 10.4 Hz, H-5), 5.49 (1H, d,= 15.6 Hz, H-11), 5.18 (1H, dd,= 6.6, 2.9 Hz, H-3), 5.08 (1H, dd,= 15.6, 9.0 Hz, H-12), 4.36 (1H, m, H-7), 3.40 (1H, m, H-13), 3.12 (1H, dd,= 9.6, 6.6 Hz, H-4), 2.88 (1H, dd,= 14.4, 10.2 Hz, H-8), 2.71 (1H, m, H-8), 2.67 (1H, m, H-1), 2.34 (1H, m, H-2), 2.30 (3H, s, 15-OCOCH3), 2.24 (1H, m, H-1), 1.55 (3H, s, 17-CH3), 1.22 (3H, d,= 7.1 Hz, 16-CH3), 1.17 (3H, s, 19-CH3), 1.12 (3H, d,= 6.6 Hz, 20-CH3), 1.11 (3H, s, 18-CH3);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 211.8 (C-14), 209.3 (C-9), 171.0 (15-OCOCH3), 166.2 (C-1ʹ), 143.5 (C-6), 136.4 (C-11), 133.4 (C-5ʹ), 131.2 (C-12), 130.3 (C-2ʹ), 129.6 (C-3ʹ, 7ʹ), 128.7 (C-4ʹ, 6ʹ), 117.8 (C-5), 96.1 (C-15), 84.0 (C-3), 72.0 (C-7), 51.5 (C-4), 49.6 (C-10), 45.8 (C-13), 45.1 (C-8), 42.5 (C-1), 39.0 (C-2), 25.8 (C-19), 22.0 (C-18), 21.9 (15-OCOCH3), 18.8 (C-16), 18.7 (C-20), 18.3 (C-17)。以上数据与文献报道一致[16],故鉴定化合物4为euphoscopin E。

化合物5:白色无定形粉末,ESI-MS/: 623 [M+Na]+,分子式为C36H40O8。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 7.85 (2H, d,= 7.3 Hz, H-3ʹʹ, 7ʹʹ), 7.61 (2H, d,= 7.4 Hz, H-3ʹ, 7ʹ), 7.48 (1H, t,= 7.4 Hz, H-5ʹʹ), 7.29 (3H, t,= 7.7 Hz, H-4ʹʹ, 6ʹʹ, 5ʹ), 6.94 (2H, t,= 7.8 Hz, H-4ʹ, 6ʹ), 5.88 (1H, d,= 9.2 Hz, H-5), 5.58 (1H, d,= 15.5 Hz, H-11), 5.55 (1H, dd,= 11.3, 4.3 Hz, H-7), 5.11 (1H, dd,= 6.1, 1.3 Hz, H-3), 5.07 (1H, dd,= 15.6, 9.5 Hz, H-12), 3.47 (1H, dd,= 9.4, 6.7 Hz, H-4), 3.24 (1H, dd,= 14.8, 11.4 Hz, H-8), 3.14 (1H, dd,= 9.0, 6.1 Hz, H-13), 2.89 (1H, dd,= 14.8, 4.5 Hz, H-8), 2.65 (1H, dd,= 14.0, 7.2 Hz, H-1), 2.33 (3H, s, 15-OCOCH3), 2.24 (1H, m, H-2), 2.22 (1H, m, H-1), 1.77 (3H, s, 17-CH3), 1.27 (3H, s, 19-CH3), 1.22 (3H, d,= 6.9 Hz, 16-CH3), 1.15 (6H, t,= 3.2 Hz, 18, 20-CH3);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 212.0 (C-14), 206.7 (C-9), 171.0 (15-OCOCH3), 165.4 (C-1ʹ, 1ʹʹ), 139.8 (C-6), 136.5 (C-11), 132.9 (C-5ʹ), 132.7 (C-5ʹʹ), 132.6 (C-12), 130.4 (C-2ʹ), 129.9 (C-2ʹʹ), 129.5 (C-3ʹʹ, 7ʹʹ), 129.3 (C-3ʹ, 7ʹ), 128.4 (C-4ʹʹ, 6ʹʹ), 128.1 (C-4ʹ, 6ʹ), 119.5 (C-5), 96.3 (C-15), 84.4 (C-3), 74.1 (C-7), 51.3 (C-13), 49.5 (C-10), 45.8 (C-4), 43.8 (C-8), 43.1 (C-1), 39.6 (C-2), 25.3 (C-19), 22.5 (C-20), 22.0 (15-OCOCH3), 19.2 (C-17, 18), 19.0 (C-16)。以上数据与文献报道一致[17],故鉴定化合物5为euphorbiapene D。

化合物6:无色油状物,ESI-MS/: 543 [M+H]+,分子式为C31H42O8。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 8.06 (2H, dd,= 8.3, 1.3 Hz, H-3ʹ, 7ʹ), 7.53 (1H, t,= 7.4 Hz, H-5ʹ), 7.43 (2H, t,= 7.7 Hz, H-4ʹ, 6ʹ), 5.82 (1H, d,= 10.5 Hz, H-5), 5.62 (1H, dd,= 15.6, 9.5 Hz, H-12), 5.40 (1H, t,= 4.3 Hz, H-3), 5.06 (1H, d,= 15.6 Hz, H-11), 4.93 (1H, d,= 2.8 Hz, H-14), 4.36 (1H, dd,= 5.2, 1.7 Hz, H-7), 4.09 (1H, t,= 4.5 Hz, H-9), 2.97 (1H, dd,= 10.7, 5.2 Hz, H-4), 2.60 (1H, m, H-13), 2.22 (3H, brs, 14-OCOCH3), 2.17 (1H, m, H-2), 2.05 (3H, s, 9-OCOCH3), 2.00 (1H, m, H-1), 1.98 (1H, m, H-8), 1.77 (1H, m, H-1), 1.74 (1H, m, H-8), 1.68 (3H, d,= 1.0 Hz, 17-CH3), 1.03 (3H, s, 19-CH3), 0.97 (3H, d,= 6.7 Hz, 16-CH3), 0.95 (3H, d,= 7.0 Hz, 20-CH3), 0.94 (3H, s, 18-CH3);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 172.1 (14-OCOCH3), 171.5 (9-OCOCH3), 166.5 (C-1ʹ), 138.6 (C-11), 137.8 (C-6), 132.9 (C-5ʹ), 130.4 (C-2ʹ), 129.9 (C-3ʹ, 7ʹ), 129.0 (C-12), 128.5 (C-4ʹ, 6ʹ), 119.1 (C-5), 83.9 (C-15), 81.2 (C-3), 80.9 (C-14), 75.5 (C-7), 71.9 (C-9), 47.8 (C-4), 45.8 (C-1), 39.6 (C-10), 39.4 (C-13), 37.0 (C-2), 35.2 (C-8), 23.2 (14-OCOCH3), 21.5 (C-19), 21.2 (9-OCOCH3), 20.4 (C-20), 19.6(C-18), 16.6 (C-17), 13.9 (C-16)。以上数据与文献报道一致[16],故鉴定化合物6为euphornin A。

化合物7:无色油状物,ESI-MS/: 543 [M+H]+,分子式为C31H42O8。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 8.07 (2H, d,= 7.7 Hz, H-3ʹ, 7ʹ), 7.54 (1H, t,= 7.0 Hz, H-5ʹ), 7.44 (2H, t,= 7.6 Hz, H-4ʹ, 6ʹ), 5.59 (1H, dd,= 15.5, 9.3 Hz, H-12), 5.49 (1H, d,= 10.8 Hz, H-5), 5.42 (1H, t,= 3.7 Hz, H-3), 5.08 (2H, m, H-7, 11), 4.93 (1H, d,= 2.1 Hz, H-14), 3.33 (1H, t,= 4.8 Hz, H-9), 2.87 (1H, dd,= 10.3, 4.6 Hz, H-4), 2.54 (1H, m, H-13), 2.23 (3H, s, 14-OCOCH3), 2.14 (1H, m, H-2), 2.03 (2H, m, H-1, 8), 1.96 (1H, m, H-8), 1.78 (1H, m, H-1), 1.73 (3H, s, 17-CH3), 1.25 (3H, s, 7-OCOCH3), 1.11 (3H, s, 18-CH3), 0.95 (6H, d,= 6.6 Hz, 16, 20-CH3), 0.85 (3H, s, 19-CH3);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 173.1 (14-OCOCH3), 171.2 (7-OCOCH3), 165.4 (C-1ʹ), 140.3 (C-11), 134.5 (C-6), 132.9 (C-5ʹ), 130.2 (C-2ʹ), 129.7 (C-3ʹ, 7ʹ), 128.4 (C-12), 127.7 (C-4ʹ, 6ʹ), 119.2 (C-5), 84.0 (C-15), 80.9 (C-3), 80.7 (C-14), 73.6 (C-9), 73.3 (C-7), 47.8 (C-4), 45.9 (C-1), 40.2 (C-10), 39.5 (C-13), 36.6 (C-2), 34.8 (C-8), 22.8 (C-18), 21.0 (14-OCOCH3), 20.4 (7-OCOCH3), 20.0 (C-19), 18.6 (C-20), 16.3 (C-17), 13.4 (C-16)。以上数据与文献报道一致[18],故鉴定化合物7为euphornin B。

化合物8:白色针晶(甲醇),ESI-MS/: 585 [M+H]+,分子式为C33H44O9。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 8.08 (2H, d,= 7.1 Hz, H-3ʹ, 7ʹ), 7.52 (1H, dd,= 10.5, 4.2 Hz, H-5ʹ), 7.44 (2H, t,= 7.5 Hz, H-4ʹ, 6ʹ), 5.70 (1H, d,= 10.3 Hz, H-5), 5.62 (1H, dd,= 15.5, 9.3 Hz, H-12), 5.42 (1H, t,= 4.1 Hz, H-3), 5.05 (1H, d,= 15.6 Hz, H-11), 4.93 (1H, t,= 4.0 Hz, H-14), 4.76 (1H, t,= 3.6 Hz, H-9), 2.88 (1H, dd,= 10.3, 4.8 Hz, H-4), 2.55 (1H, m, H-13), 2.22 (3H, s, 14-OCOCH3), 2.13 (1H, m, H-2), 2.05 (1H, m, H-1), 1.89~2.00 (2H, m, H-2), 1.95 (3H, s, 9-OCOCH3), 1.77 (1H, m, H-1), 1.72 (3H, brs, 17-CH3), 1.17 (3H, brs, 7-OCOCH3), 0.95 (9H, t,= 5.5 Hz, 16, 18, 20-CH3), 0.88 (3H, s, 19-CH3);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 171.4 (14-OCOCH3), 169.8 (7-OCOCH3), 169.2 (9-OCOCH3), 165.8 (C-1ʹ), 138.4 (C-11), 133.9 (C-6), 133.0 (C-5ʹ), 130.3 (C-2ʹ), 129.9 (C-3ʹ, 7ʹ), 128.7 (C-12), 128.6 (C-4ʹ, 6ʹ), 120.2 (C-5), 83.9 (C-15), 81.1 (C-3), 80.8 (C-14), 73.7 (C-9), 73.0 (C-7), 48.0 (C-4), 46.3 (C-1), 39.8 (C-10), 39.6 (C-13), 36.8 (C-2), 32.5 (C-8), 22.7 (C-18), 21.2 (9-OCOCH3), 21.1 (14-OCOCH3), 20.3 (C-19), 20.0 (7-OCOCH3), 19.6 (C-20), 16.3 (C-17), 13.6 (C-16)。以上数据与文献报道一致[16],故鉴定化合物8为euphornin。

化合物9:无色油状物,ESI-MS/: 519 [M+Na]+,分子式为C29H36O7。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 7.94 (1H, d,= 7.1 Hz, H-3ʹ, 7ʹ), 7.60 (1H, t,= 7.4 Hz, H-5ʹ), 7.49 (1H, t,= 7.7 Hz, H-4ʹ, 6ʹ), 5.66 (1H, d,= 15.8 Hz, H-11), 5.44 (2H, dd,= 10.7, 4.3 Hz, H-3, 5), 5.27 (1H, dd,= 15.9, 9.3 Hz, H-12), 5.11 (1H, brs, H-17), 4.98 (1H, brs, H-17), 4.05 (1H, m, H-13), 3.49 (1H, dd,= 10.5, 4.2 Hz, H-4), 2.59 (1H, m, H-7), 2.54 (1H, m, H-8), 2.42 (2H, m, H-2, 8), 2.26 (1H, dd,= 14.8, 8.6 Hz, H-1), 2.21 (1H, m, H-7), 1.86 (3H, s, 5-OCOCH3), 1.78 (1H, dd,= 14.7, 3.3 Hz, H-1), 1.25 (3H, s, 18-CH3), 1.19 (3H, s, 19-CH3), 1.17 (3H, d,= 6.7 Hz, 20-CH3), 1.14 (3H, d,= 7.3 Hz, 16-CH3);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 211.9 (C-14), 211.2 (C-9), 170.2 (5-OCOCH3), 165.8 (C-1ʹ), 145.1 (C-6), 137.4 (C-11), 133.5 (C-5ʹ), 131.0 (C-12), 130.0 (C-2ʹ), 129.6 (C-3ʹ, 7ʹ), 128.9 (C-4ʹ, 6ʹ), 115.4 (C-17), 88.6 (C-15), 84.8 (C-3), 70.0 (C-5), 50.7 (C-1), 50.0 (C-10), 49.2 (C-4), 43.7 (C-13), 38.0 (C-2), 35.4 (C-8), 30.0 (C-7), 24.3 (C-18), 24.0 (C-19), 21.1 (5-OCOCH3), 18.9 (C-16), 17.6 (C-20)。以上数据与文献报道一致[19],故鉴定化合物9为helioscopianoid M。

由图2可以看出,随着升温速率的增加,DTG曲线峰值向较高温度区域移动,并且挥发分析出的温度范围(失重第二阶段)也呈现增加趋势,这可以促进污泥内部有机物质的热分解反应的进行。同时,升温速率的增加可以明显提高污泥热解的最大失重速率。这主要是由于升温速率的增加缩短了热解反应时间,从而影响了污泥热解过程中化学转化反应的发生。同时,在较高的升温速率下,由于传热与传质扩散的影响,污泥样品与热重仪反应室中的温差也会变大,样品内部颗粒的温度和外部颗粒的温差增大,挥发分的析出释放峰滞后,从而使污泥的转化率降低。因此,一定程度上可以通过提高污泥热解的升温速率达到提高污泥整体处理效率的目的。

化合物10:无色油状物,ESI-MS/: 513 [M+H]+,分子式为C29H36O8。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 8.04 (2H, d,= 8.0 Hz, H-3ʹ, 7ʹ), 7.56 (1H, t,= 7.1 Hz, H-5ʹ), 7.45 (1H, t,= 7.7 Hz, H-4ʹ, 6ʹ), 6.37 (1H, d,= 8.7 Hz, H-12), 5.93 (1H, d,= 11.0 Hz, H-5), 4.99 (1H, t,= 6.3 Hz, H-3), 4.21 (1H, d,= 8.7 Hz, H-11), 4.08 (1H, m, H-7), 3.66 (1H, d,= 17.1 Hz, H-8), 3.28 (1H, dd,= 10.9, 7.5 Hz, H-1), 2.64 (1H, dd,= 14.6, 9.0 Hz, H-4), 2.46 (2H, m, H-2, 8), 2.19 (3H, s, 15-OCOCH3), 1.83 (3H, s, 20-CH3), 1.49 (3H, brs, 17-CH3), 1.28 (3H, s, 18-CH3), 1.16 (3H, d,= 6.8 Hz, 16-CH3), 0.90 (3H, s, 19-CH3);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 219.5 (C-9), 200.7 (C-14), 170.8 (15-OCOCH3), 166.4 (C-1ʹ), 142.9 (C-6), 138.9 (C-13), 135.1 (C-12), 133.1 (C-5ʹ), 130.6 (C-2ʹ), 129.7 (C-3ʹ, 7ʹ), 128.5 (C-4ʹ, 6ʹ), 118.0 (C-5), 93.3 (C-15), 83.1 (C-3), 74.0 (C-7), 52.8 (C-10), 48.1 (C-1), 41.8 (C-4), 40.4 (C-8), 37.5 (C-2), 22.5 (C-19), 21.6 (15-OCOCH3), 20.4 (C-18), 17.2 (C-17), 15.7 (C-16), 12.2 (C-20)。以上数据与文献报道一致[20],故鉴定化合物10为euphoheliosnoid D。

化合物11:黄色针晶(甲醇),ESI-MS/: 333 [M+H]+,分子式为C20H28O4。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 6.30 (1H, s, H-14), 4.94 (1H, dd,= 13.1, 5.7 Hz, H-12), 4.20 (1H, d,= 3.0 Hz, H-2), 3.21 (1H, d,= 2.1 Hz, H-3), 2.63 (1H, dd,= 13.4, 6.2 Hz, H-11), 2.53 (1H, brd,= 12.7 Hz, H-7), 2.40 (1H, dd,= 14.3, 2.9 Hz, H-1), 2.21 (1H, td,= 13.0, 4.3 Hz, H-7), 2.16 (1H, d,= 8.7 Hz, H-9), 1.88 (1H, m, H-6), 1.82 (3H, s, 20-CH3), 1.55 (1H, m, H-6), 1.53 (1H, m, H-11), 1.40 (1H, dd,= 14.3, 2.5 Hz, H-1), 1.22 (1H, dd,= 12.3, 1.5 Hz, H-5), 1.17 (3H, s, 19-CH3), 1.03 (6H, d,= 4.6 Hz, 17-CH3, 18-CH3);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 175.9 (C-16), 156.7 (C-13), 151.8 (C-8), 116.5 (C-15), 114.6 (C-14), 78.1 (C-3), 76.4 (C-12), 70.7 (C-2), 54.4 (C-5), 52.5 (C-9), 43.3 (C-1), 40.7 (C-10), 38.7 (C-4), 37.1 (C-7), 30.5 (C-17), 27.7 (C-11), 23.4 (C-6), 18.5 (C-19), 17.3 (C-18), 8.4 (C-20)。以上数据与文献报道一致[20],故鉴定化合物11为2α-hydroxy helioscopinolide B。

化合物12:无色油状物,ESI-MS/: 317 [M+H]+,分子式为C20H28O3。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 6.28 (1H, s, H-14), 4.86 (1H, dd,= 13.3, 5.9 Hz, H-12), 3.28 (1H, dd,= 11.8, 4.2 Hz, H-3), 2.55 (1H, dd,= 13.5, 5.8 Hz, H-11), 2.51 (1H, m, H-7), 2.21 (1H, dd,= 13.1, 5.0 Hz, H-7), 2.16 (1H, d,= 8.2 Hz, H-9), 1.96 (1H, dt,= 12.9, 3.1 Hz, H-1), 1.83 (3H, s, 20-CH3), 1.76 (1H, m, H-2), 1.62 (1H, ddd,= 15.9, 13.4, 3.2 Hz, H-2), 1.52 (1H, m, H-11), 1.44 (1H, m, H-6), 1.25 (1H, td,= 13.2, 3.1 Hz, H-1), 1.15 (1H, dd,= 12.4, 1.8 Hz, H-5), 1.03 (3H, s, 17-CH3), 0.93 (3H, s, 19-CH3), 0.82 (3H, s, 18-CH3);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 175.4 (C-16), 156.2 (C-13), 151.5 (C-8), 116.7 (C-15), 114.4 (C-14), 78.7 (C-3), 76.0 (C-12), 54.5 (C-5), 51.7 (C-9), 41.4 (C-10), 39.2 (C-4), 37.6 (C-1), 37.1 (C-7), 28.8 (C-17), 27.8 (C-2), 27.7 (C-11), 23.6 (C-6), 16.9 (C-19), 15.7 (C-18), 8.4 (C-20)。以上数据与文献报道一致[21],故鉴定化合物12为helioscopinolide A。

化合物13:黄色针晶(甲醇),ESI-MS/: 317 [M+H]+,分子式为C20H28O3。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 6.27 (1H, s, H-14), 4.88 (1H, dd,= 13.1, 5.8 Hz, H-12), 3.49 (1H, t,= 2.7 Hz, H-3), 2.58 (1H, dd,= 13.6, 6.2 Hz, H-11), 2.51 (1H, m, H-7), 2.30 (1H, d,= 8.6 Hz, H-9), 2.24 (1H, m, H-7), 1.97 (1H, m, H-1), 1.83 (3H, s, 20-CH3), 1.70~1.77 (2H, m, H-2), 1.71 (1H, m, H-6), 1.66 (2H, m, H-1, 5), 1.51 (1H, m, H-11), 1.44 (1H, dd,= 12.9, 4.1 Hz, H-6), 1.00 (3H, s, 17-CH3), 0.95 (3H, s, 19-CH3), 0.88 (3H, s, 18-CH3);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 175.6 (C-16), 156.3 (C-13), 152.2 (C-8), 116.5 (C-15), 114.2 (C-14), 76.2 (C-12), 75.8 (C-3), 51.7 (C-9), 48.4 (C-5), 41.4 (C-10), 37.9 (C-4), 37.2 (C-7), 32.2 (C-1), 28.9 (C-17), 27.6 (C-11), 25.8 (C-2), 23.5 (C-6), 22.4 (C-18), 16.9 (C-19), 8.4 (C-20)。以上数据与文献报道一致[22],故鉴定化合物13为helioscopinolide B。

化合物14:白色针晶(甲醇),ESI-MS/: 331 [M+H]+,分子式为C20H26O4。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 6.35 (1H, s, H-14), 4.85 (1H, dd,= 13.2, 5.9 Hz, H-12), 3.97 (1H, d,= 4.7 Hz, H-3), 3.42 (1H, d,= 4.9 Hz, 3-OH), 2.74 (1H, d,= 12.4 Hz, H-1), 2.60 (1H, brd,= 13.7 Hz, H-7), 2.50 (1H, d,= 8.6 Hz, H-9), 2.41 (1H, dd,= 14.5, 6.9 Hz, H-11), 2.38 (1H, d,= 13.3 Hz, H-1), 2.30 (1H, td,= 13.3, 4.9 Hz, H-7), 1.98 (1H, dt,= 13.3, 2.5 Hz, H-6), 1.85 (3H, s, 20-CH3), 1.82 (1H, brd,= 12.6 Hz, H-5), 1.63 (1H, m, H-11), 1.52 (1H, ddd,= 17.1, 13.4, 4.2 Hz, H-6), 1.23 (3H, s, 17-CH3), 0.92 (3H, s, 19-CH3), 0.71 (3H, s, 18-CH3);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 209.5 (C-2), 175.0 (C-16), 155.1 (C-13), 149.3 (C-8), 117.8 (C-15), 115.5 (C-14), 82.6 (C-3), 75.5 (C-12), 53.7 (C-5), 51.5 (C-9), 51.4 (C-1), 47.1 (C-10), 45.3 (C-4), 36.5 (C-7), 29.7 (C-17), 27.8 (C-11), 23.2 (C-6), 17.5 (C-19), 16.6 (C-18), 8.5 (C-20)。以上数据与文献报道一致[21],故鉴定化合物14为helioscopinolide C。

化合物15:无色油状物,ESI-MS/: 331 [M+H]+,分子式为C20H26O4。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 6.56 (1H, s, H-14), 4.79 (1H, d,= 12.0 Hz, H-12), 3.02 (1H, m, H-11), 2.98 (1H, m, H-7), 2.6-2.7 (2H, m, H-2), 2.57 (2H, m, H-5, 7), 2.39 (1H, m, H-1), 1.94 (1H, m, H-1), 1.90 (3H, s, 20-CH3), 1.72 (1H, m, H-6), 1.54 (1H, m, H-6), 1.39 (1H, m, H-11), 1.37 (3H, s, 17-CH3), 1.31 (3H, s, 19-CH3), 1.25 (3H, s, 18-CH3)。以上数据与文献报道一致[21],故鉴定化合物15为helioscopinolide D。

化合物16:白色无定形粉末,ESI-MS/: 333 [M+H]+,分子式为C20H28O4。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 6.37 (1H, s, H-14), 4.88 (1H, dd,= 12.7, 6.0 Hz, H-12), 3.31 (1H, dd,= 12.0, 3.5 Hz, H-3), 3.10 (1H, dd,= 13.4, 6.3 Hz, H-11), 2.70 (1H, m, H-7), 2.31 (1H, m, H-7), 1.89 (2H, m, H-2, 5), 1.86 (3H, s, 20-CH3), 1.78 (2H, m, H-2, 6), 1.65 (1H, m, H-1), 1.62 (1H, m, H-1), 1.42 (1H, m, H-6), 1.33 (1H, m, H-11), 1.06 (3H, s, 17-CH3), 0.99 (3H, s, 19-CH3), 0.85 (3H, s, 18-CH3)。以上数据与文献报道一致[22],故鉴定化合物16为helioscopinolide H。

化合物17:白色无定形粉末,ESI-MS/: 333 [M+H]+,分子式为C19H24O5。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 6.38 (1H, s, H-14), 5.69 (1H, s, H-1), 4.94 (1H, dd,= 13.6, 5.8 Hz, H-12), 2.87 (1H, d,= 7.9 Hz, H-9), 2.54 (2H, m, H-7, 11), 2.40 (1H, brd,= 12.9 Hz, H-5), 2.25 (1H, td,= 13.4, 4.7 Hz, H-7), 1.85 (3H, s, 20-CH3), 1.81 (1H, m, H-6), 1.53 (1H, m, H-11), 1.50 (1H, m, H-6), 1.36 (3H, s, 17-CH3), 1.24 (3H, s, 18-CH3), 1.05 (3H, s, 19-CH3);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 177.7 (C-3), 176.0 (C-16), 156.2 (C-13), 150.7 (C-8), 117.3 (C-15), 115.4 (C-14), 98.9 (C-1), 76.1 (C-12), 43.5 (C-9), 43.0 (C-10), 42.9 (C-5), 40.5 (C-4), 36.1 (C-7), 29.7 (C-17), 27.3 (C-11), 24.3 (C-18), 24.2 (C-6), 14.6 (C-19), 8.4 (C-20)。以上数据与文献报道一致[22],故鉴定化合物17为helioscopinolide L。

化合物18:黄色针晶(甲醇),ESI-MS/: 321 [M+H]+,分子式为C20H32O3。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 3.58 (1H, d,= 10.9 Hz, H-17), 3.44 (1H, d,= 10.9 Hz, H-17), 2.58 (1H, ddd,= 16.0, 12.4, 6.9 Hz, H-2), 2.34 (1H, ddd,= 16.0, 6.0, 3.2 Hz, H-2), 2.02 (1H, m, H-11), 1.87 (1H, m, H-14), 1.84 (2H, m, H-1, 12), 1.62 (1H, m, H-13), 1.50 (1H, m, H-13), 1.46 (2H, m, H-6), 1.43 (1H, m, H-7), 1.37 (1H, m, H-1), 1.35 (1H, m, H-9), 1.31 (1H, m, H-5), 1.23 (2H, m, H-11, 15), 1.16 (1H, m, H-7), 1.11 (3H, s, 20-CH3), 1.10 (1H, m, H-15), 1.08 (3H, s, 18-CH3), 1.04 (3H, s, 19-CH3), 0.82 (1H, m, H-14);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 217.6 (C-3), 74.2 (C-16), 69.1 (C-17), 55.8 (C-5), 52.6 (C-15), 51.0 (C-9), 47.8 (C-4), 38.9 (C-7), 38.1 (C-1), 37.3 (C-10), 34.2 (C-2), 33.0 (C-8), 32.3 (C-12), 27.3 (C-14), 26.3 (C-18), 23.3 (C-13), 23.1 (C-11), 21.8 (C-19), 19.8 (C-6), 13.6 (C-20)。以上数据与文献报道一致[23],故鉴定化合物18为-16β,17-dihydroxyatlsan-3-one。

化合物19:无色油状物,ESI-MS/: 391 [M+H]+,分子式为C22H30O6。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 6.10 (1H, d,= 4.1 Hz, H-7), 5.94 (1H, s, H-1), 4.71 (1H, d,= 12.6 Hz, H-20), 4.51 (1H, d,= 12.6 Hz, H-20), 4.43 (1H, s, H-3), 4.09 (1H, d,= 11.6 Hz, H-8), 3.67 (1H, s, H-5), 2.31 (1H, m, H-11), 2.26 (1H, m, H-12), 2.05 (3H, s, 20-OCOCH3), 1.85 (3H, s, 19-CH3), 1.76 (1H, m, H-12), 1.11 (3H, s, 17-CH3), 1.06 (3H, s, 16-CH3), 0.97 (3H, d,= 7.0 Hz, 18-CH3), 0.91 (1H, m, H-14), 0.70 (1H, dd,= 15.0, 8.3 Hz, H-13);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 206.9 (C-9), 171.3 (20-OCOCH3), 138.9 (C-6), 136.8 (C-2), 130.2 (C-1), 128.7 (C-7), 84.5 (C-4), 80.8 (C-3), 73.9 (C-5), 72.7 (C-10), 66.8 (C-20), 44.3 (C-8), 40.0 (C-11), 31.1 (C-12), 28.6 (C-13), 24.1 (C-15), 23.3 (C-16), 23.1 (C-14), 21.3 (20-OCOCH3), 17.5 (C-18), 15.6 (C-19), 15.5 (C-17)。以上数据与文献报道一致[24],故鉴定化合物19为20--acetylingenol。

化合物20:无色油状物,ESI-MS/: 377 [M+H]+,分子式为C22H32O5。1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 6.59 (1H, d,= 11.5 Hz, H-12), 6.15 (1H, d,= 11.1 Hz, H-5), 4.06 (1H, dd,= 10.8, 2.7 Hz, H-7), 3.86 (1H, dd,= 6.3, 3.7 Hz, H-3), 2.72 (1H, dd,= 14.7, 7.7 Hz, H-1), 2.65 (1H, dd,= 10.9, 6.6 Hz, H-4), 2.40 (1H, d,= 13.6 Hz, H-8), 2.27 (1H, m, H-1), 2.20 (1H, dd,= 7.0, 3.2 Hz, H-2), 2.05 (3H, s, 15-OCOCH3), 1.86 (3H, s, 20-CH3), 1.72 (1H, m, H-8), 1.51 (3H, s, 17-CH3), 1.44 (1H, dd,= 11.3, 8.3 Hz, H-11), 1.21 (3H, s, 18-CH3), 1.16 (1H, m, H-9), 1.12 (3H, d,= 8.9 Hz, 16-CH3), 1.11 (3H, s, 19-CH3);13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): 194.8 (C-14), 169.8 (15-OCOCH3), 146.4 (C-6), 145.7 (C-12), 133.1 (C-13), 120.3 (C-5), 96.2 (C-15), 82.1 (C-3), 75.4 (C-7), 48.9 (C-4), 41.2 (C-2), 41.1 (C-1), 36.7 (C-8), 30.8 (C-9), 29.7 (C-11), 29.2 (C-18), 24.6 (C-10), 21.8 (15-OCOCH3), 19.1 (C-17), 18.5 (C-16), 16.4 (C-19), 12.4 (C-20)。以上数据与文献报道一致[25],故鉴定化合物20为altotibetol。

4 抗炎活性筛选

LPS可以刺激小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7生成诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(induced nitric oxide synthase,iNOS),进而产生炎症因子一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)。将RAW264.7细胞接种至96孔板,用1 μg/mL LPS进行诱导刺激,同时加入待测化合物(终浓度50 μmol/L),同时设对照组(不含药物)和阳性对照组(-NMMA)。细胞过夜培养后,取培养基检测吸取培养基,通过Griess法在570 nm波长测吸光度()值来检测亚硝酸盐(NO2−),根据公式计算NO生成抑制率。在剩余培养基中加入MTS进行细胞存活率检测,排除化合物对细胞的毒性影响。活性测试结果见表1。

NO生成抑制率=(对照-样品)/对照

5 讨论

对泽漆醋酸乙酯部位的研究中,共分离得到20个二萜类成分,包括10个假白榄烷二萜(1~10)、7个松香烷二萜(11~17)、1个阿替斯烷二萜(18)、1个巨大戟烷二萜(19)、1个续随子烷二萜(20)。

经文献查阅,大戟属的二萜通常具有细胞毒、抗炎等活性[2,14-15]。NO具有广泛而重要的生物学调控功能,在炎症、肿瘤及心血管系统等均有重要作用。当免疫细胞遭受微生物内毒素、炎症介质等刺激时,会生成大量的iNOS,产生NO进行免疫应答,因此抑制NO生成是化合物抗炎活性的直接指标。因此,本研究测试了化合物1~20的NO生成抑制活性,结果显示结构骨架为贾白榄烷二萜的化合物6、8~10和19显示了微弱的抗炎活性,说明贾白榄烷二萜是泽漆作为抗炎药物的主要药效物质基础。本研究为更好地开发利用泽漆奠定了一定的理论基础。

表1 化合物1~20的NO生成抑制率(浓度50 μmol·L−1)

利益冲突 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突

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Diterpenoids from whole herb of

WANG Yan, LIANG Xu-bo, ZHAO Zhen-zhu

School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China

To investigate the diterpenoids from the whole herb of.The ethyl acetate extract ofextracted by EtOH (95%) was separated and purified by various chromatographic columns, including macroporous resins, silica gels, medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC), Sephadex LH-20, and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC). The structures of purified compounds were determined by physiochemical properties and spectroscopic data.Twenty diterpenoids were isolated from of, and they are identified as euphoscopin A (1), euphoscopin B (2), euphoscopin C (3), euphoscopin E (4), euphorbiapene D (5), euphornin A (6), euphornin B (7), euphornin (8), helioscopianoid M (9), euphoheliosnoid D (10), 2α-hydroxy helioscopinolide B (11), helioscopinolide A (12), helioscopinolide B (13), helioscopinolide C (14), helioscopinolide D (15), helioscopinolide H (16), helioscopinolide L (17),-16β,17-dihydroxyatlsan-3-one (18), 20--acetylingenol (19) and altotibetol (20). Additionally, all compounds were tested for their inhibitory activity against NO production.All compounds were isolated from different plants ofbefore, among which compounds 15, 16, 17, and 20 are isolated fromfor the first time. And compounds 6, 8—10 and 19 showed weak anti-inflammatory activity.

L.; diterpenoids; anti-inflammatory activity; euphornin A; helioscopinolide D; altotibetol

R284.1

A

0253 - 2670(2022)15 - 4625 - 09

10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2022.15.005

2021-12-23

国家自然科学基金资助项目(82003607);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(21A360002);河南省中医药科学研究专项(20-21ZY1039)

王 妍,女,硕士研究生,从事中药活性成分研究。E-mail: k921_w328@163.com

通信作者:梁旭博,男,硕士,从事中药活性成分研究。E-mail: 15838258630@163.com

赵珍珠,女,博士,讲师,从事中药活性成分研究。E-mail: zzhenzhu0921@163.com

[责任编辑 王文倩]

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