文/本刊编辑部
山东地方戏是中国戏曲的重要组成部分,拥有许多经典剧目。Shandong local opera is an important part of Chinese opera and has many classic repertoires.
戏曲,是传承中华优秀传统文化的重要载体,有着悠久的历史、独特的魅力和深厚的群众基础,与古希腊悲喜剧、古印度梵剧并称世界三大古老戏剧文化。除“国剧”京剧之外,流行于一定地区、具有地方特色的戏曲剧种,通称地方戏。
地方戏是“活态”的传统文化表现形式,蕴含着中华民族代代相传的文化基因和家国情怀,体现着中华美学精神,是宝贵的文化资源和精神财富。不同的地方戏虽然都带有地域性烙印,但又都具有戏曲的共同特征,“一体而万殊”的戏曲景观是中国对世界剧坛的独特贡献。作为中国的地方戏大省,山东目前拥有28个戏曲剧种,数量位居全国前列。
历史长河中,山东孕育了吕剧、柳子戏、山东梆子、五音戏、柳琴戏、茂腔等地方剧种,为中国戏曲百花园增添了更多亮丽色彩。这些剧种,既有各自不同的风格特色,又都带有明显的“山东味”,从而构成了绚丽多姿的山东地方戏,是山东非物质文化遗产大家庭中的重要成员。
随着经济社会的发展、群众审美取向的变化以及文化传播方式的多元化,山东的地方剧种同全国许多剧种一样,遇到了发展的瓶颈。近年来,山东采取一系列举措,大幅提升戏曲艺术服务群众的综合能力和水平,培育有利于戏曲活起来、传下去、出精品、出名家的良好环境,形成了全社会重视、关心、支持戏曲艺术发展的生动局面。工作开展以来,部分濒临消亡的剧种恢复生机,许多剧种焕发新的活力,一批在省内外产生巨大影响的优秀作品创作而成。
尽管取得一定成绩,但与全国戏曲强省相比,山东地方剧种影响力偏弱、发展不成规模也是不争的事实。地方戏在新时代的发展,需要聚合优质资源,结合群众审美需求,创新性开展工作。
去年5月,由山东省柳子戏艺术保护传承中心倡议,经山东省文化和旅游厅批准,协同全省所有地方戏曲国有院团,共同发起成立了山东地方戏联盟。山东地方戏联盟的应时而生,将作为山东地方戏发展的新起点、新征程,为守护地方戏曲,促进优秀传统文化的保护、传承与发展起到积极的推动作用。
时代潮流,浩浩汤汤。传唱了千百年的山东地方戏,依托齐鲁大地深厚的文化底蕴,必将在新时代展现出新的气象。
As a major local opera province in China, Shandong currently has 28 types of opera, the number of which ranks among the top nationwide. It has added more gorgeous colors to China’s opera garden. These operas have not only their own distinctive styles, but also evident “Characteristics of Shandong”, thereby constituting the gorgeous and varied local operas of Shandong, and becoming significant members of Shandon’s intangible cultural heritage family.
In recent years, Shandong has taken a series of measures, greatly improved the comprehensive ability and level of the opera art serving the masses, fostered an environment beneficial to the survival and inheritance of operas, as well as the emergence of quality works and masters thereof, and formed a vivid situation of the whole society valuing operas, thus caring for and supporting the development of the opera art. Since the work began, some operas which were on the brink of disappearance have revived; many operas have radiated new vigor; a number of excellent works with a huge influence in Shandong and beyond have been created.