布达佩斯，多瑙河上的明珠

文／飞扬 图／李沐

多瑙河两岸的布达与佩斯原是两座独立的城市，1873年合并成了一座城市，并取名为布达佩斯。Buda and Pest on both banks of the Danube were originally two independent cities.In 1873，they were combined into a city named Budapest.

多瑙河是欧洲第二长河，自西向东流经德国、奥地利、斯洛伐克、匈牙利等中欧和东欧的10个国家，滋养着两岸城市。多瑙河有三分之一的长度位于匈牙利，匈牙利的首都、欧洲著名古城布达佩斯坐落在多瑙河中游两岸，被其一分为二。河右岸多山，称为“布达”；左岸地势平坦，称为“佩斯”。

人们将布达佩斯誉为“多瑙河上的明珠”，可以说，多瑙河是布达佩斯的灵魂，而布达佩斯是匈牙利的骄傲。布达佩斯是匈牙利政治、经济、文化和科技中心，境内的多瑙河两岸、布达城堡区和安德拉什大街被列入世界文化遗产名录。走进这座古城，沿着多瑙河畔，既可以欣赏到迷人的风光，又可以领略到历史的变迁。

城内主要的历史遗迹集中于海拔167米的布达区城堡山上，著名的布达城堡位于山的南侧。这座狭长的古城长约1500米，宽约500米，13世纪时修建的城堡围墙至今保存完好，分布着国家画廊、历史博物馆、渔人堡等景点，古老壮观的中世纪建筑、巴洛克式建筑闻名于世，吸引世界各地的游客和建筑设计师纷至沓来。站在城堡山上，可以俯瞰整个布达佩斯，多瑙河和城市风采尽收眼底。

安德拉什大街是布达佩斯的一条林荫大道，以支持修建这条大街的首相安德拉什的名字命名。街道两边坐落着匈牙利国家歌剧院、恐怖大厦博物馆、英雄广场等知名建筑，这些建筑于1884年基本建设完成，当时入住的大部分是贵族、银行家、富商等人士。安德拉什大街如今是布达佩斯最主要的购物街之一，各式咖啡厅、饭店、剧院、精品店林立两旁，是购物者的天堂。

自由桥原名费兰茨桥，以茜茜公主丈夫的名字命名。桥上原有铁轨电车穿梭于两岸，如今改为行人专用。The Liberty Bridge was formerly known as the Franz Joseph Bridge，named after husband of the Empress Elisabeth (Sissi).The bridge had tramcars shuttling between both banks.But now it is for pedestrians only.

匈牙利国会大厦于1904年建成，外表装饰华美壮观，夜色中更显璀璨。The Hungarian House of Parliament，completed in 1904，has a gorgeous and spectacular exterior，and becomes more resplendent in the nighttime.

匈牙利人爱读书，在首都布达佩斯街头，随处可见售卖书籍的小摊。The Hungarians like reading.On the streets of the capital Budapest，there are bookstalls everywhere.

历代匈牙利国王的加冕仪式都在马加什教堂举行。众所周知的奥匈帝国皇后——茜茜公主的加冕仪式也是在这里举行的。The coronation of every Hungarian ruler was held at the Matthias Church.The coronation of the well-known Austro-Hungary Empress Elisabeth (Sissi) also took place here.

布达佩斯有9座桥梁跨越多瑙河，其中最古老的是链子桥，于1849年建成，是布达佩斯的标志之一。“没有行走在链子桥上，就不能真正感受到真实的布达佩斯。”选个清晨，牵着爱人的手踱过链子桥，自然成了游客欣然自乐的事情。桥并不长，头尾4座石狮，目光坚毅，守望着来往的人们。桥下，野鸭怡然地在水中逆流而上，桥上，往来于政治中心布达与商业中心佩斯的车辆有序地驶向彼岸，不时有晨跑和上班的人匆匆经过……布达佩斯人的小日子，灵动地跃然于桥上。

每年新年前后，布达佩斯新年集市会拉开大幕，展示出售各类优质产品，吸引逾百万人次游览。图为集市上售卖的匈牙利传统新年美食。Around every New Year，Budapest New Year fair kicks off，where all sorts of quality products are displayed and sold，and may attract over 1 million visitors.The picture depicts the traditional Hungarian New Year food sold at the fair.

One third of the Danube is in Hungary.Budapest，as the capital of Hungary and a famous old city in Europe，is located on both banks of the middle reaches of the Danube，and split in two.The right river bank is mountainous，known as“Buda”;the left bank is flat，known as “Pest”.

Budapest is reputed as a “Pearl on the Danube”.It is Hungary’s center of politics，economy，culture，as well as science &technology.Both banks of the Danube，the Buda Castle，and the Andrassy Avenue(Andrassy Ut) are all on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List.

The historic sites of the city are mainly distributed on the Buda Castle Hill with an elevation of 167 m.The famous Buda Castle District is located in the south of the hill.This long，narrow old city is dotted with such tourist attractions as the National Gallery，the History Museum，and the Fisherman’s Bastion.Besides，there are old and magnificent medieval and baroque buildings，which are world-famous and attract visitors and architects from all over the world.

The Andrassy Avenue is a boulevard in Budapest，named after Hungary’s former Prime Minister Gyula Andrassy.The avenue is lined with the Hungarian State Opera House，the House of Terror Museum，the Heroes’ Square and other renowned buildings，which were basically completed in 1884，and inhabited mostly by aristocrats，bankers and rich businessmen.Now，the avenue has become one of the main shopping streets in Budapest.

Budapest has nine bridges across the Danube.The oldest one is the Chain Bridge completed in 1849，which is one of the symbols of Budapest.Under the bridge，wild ducks swim smoothly against the current.On the bridge，vehicles shuttling between the political center Buda and the business center Pest head for the opposite bank in an orderly fashion;morning runners and workers hurry by from time to time...