Application of ETA in the Management of Mental Health Education for College Students

Fei YAN, Hua LI, Jiang YUAN

Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China; Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China

Abstract In view of the common psychological problems of college students, this paper analyzed the current situation and problems of college students, and found that the management of mental health education is complex and difficult.A main reason is the lack of scientific method guidance.According to this phenomenon and the existing problems, using the event tree analysis(ETA), the qualitative and quantitative analysis, it found that emergency treatment is the most important link in mental health education management of college students, test education talk emergency four links missing and failure will lead to hidden danger.Finally, combined with the principle of education and management, and psychological principle, it proposed method for the event tree mental health education management.

Key words Event tree analysis(ETA)method, College students, Mental health, Health education management

1 Introduction

Under the background of college enrollment expansion, the number of college students and graduate students has separately reached 32.85 and 3.13 million in 2021, resulting in more and more mental health problems.Relevant statistics show that 28.3% of college students need help in mental health.This situation brings a great test to the mental health education management of college students.College students’ mental health is the basis of college student work.Their mental health is no small matter, only by strengthening their mental health education and management, can we do a good job of their mental health work, can ensure the smooth progress of various teaching activities in colleges and universities.And more importantly, it is possible to protect the physical and mental health of college students.How to do a good job in the mental health education management of college students under this background is an important topic for college students and workers to study.

2 Analysis on the current situation of mental health education management for college students

2.1 Mental health status of college studentsWith the continuous progress of the times and the development of the society, the psychological problems of contemporary college students are also constantly developing and showing new situations.According to the relevant survey results, the top three psychological problems of college students are: interpersonal communication problems, self-regulation problems and employment guidance problems.Because all colleges and universities are equipped with psychological counseling services, and nearly one-third of the students have used psychological counseling services, and many students have not passed the campus psychological counseling services, school psychological counseling services are often in short supply because of the site staff time and other reasons.The demand of college students for mental health knowledge is also growing, and schools lack relevant courses.Some students are disappointed and take other ways to meet their needs.In addition, there are also numerous cases developing from psychological problems to psychological problems, including conflicts with classmates and teachers, or self-sinking and decadent academic neglect, or even death events.Therefore, the mental health problems of modern and contemporary college students have been very serious, which is also an important social problem that has attracted more social attention.

2.2 Analysis on the management of college students

2.2.1Education aspects.At present, most colleges and universities have taken corresponding measures for the mental health problems of college students, among which education is one of the most important means.Mental health education mainly includes the following forms: freshmen’s mental health education lectures, a series of mental health education lectures, public selected courses related to mental health education, mental health education activities carried out by counselors, the main activities of mentally healthy students,etc.However, according to the relevant survey report, students are not particularly satisfied with the forms and means of education, and they largely disagree with the effect of education, which directly leads to the failure of mental health education results.In addition, many colleges and universities also have formalism, just carry out mental health education activities to complete the task, as well as the lack of careful design and research on the educational content, leading to students’ resistance to many educational activities and links.

2.2.2Management aspects.The mental health management of college students is also an important part of the management activities of students in various universities.Different universities have large differences in their management systems and means.According to the relevant survey report, the main management means have the following forms: freshmen admission psychological baseline test, regular psychological test, psychological counseling station(hierarchical), key psychological problems students separate file management, counselor first responsibility system, counselor to talk activities, emergency treatment,etc.However, according to the relevant survey report, many students do not recognize the test content(of course, this is also a problem that psychology tries to solve), the test content reliability and validity have some problems; college student management staff still have many empirical knowledge and technical means; some macro level systems are unsound or out of date.

2.2.3Impact of education management.Overall, college students mental health from hidden trouble into problems or events is a certain link and process, and in the process of college students health education management, such as the lack of link or failure is easy to turn the potential psychological hidden problems into actual mental health events, and health education management can be through human control and intervention, this is also the college students mental health problems through adjusting the easiest breakthrough.

3 Case analysis of education and management of mental health events for college students

3.1 Event casesThe following will be a specific event case in a university to analyze the actual causes of mental health events.A freshman girl(Therada, not the real name)because of psychological problems find school psychological counseling, counseling psychological counseling teacher immediately will reflect to her counselor, counselor know situation immediately contact the small passenger parents, parents learned after the telephone contact small ride, severe criticism, and not from the perspective of mental health education for good communication and guidance.After being criticized by her parents, Therada was very excited that the counselor should not tell her parents about her privacy and violated her personal privacy.She picked up the fruit knife in the dormitory and threatened to find the counselor, but she had to give up because she did not find the counselor.However, the student’s personal psychological state and emotional condition became increasingly unstable, so she went to the top floor of the teaching building to prepare to jump off the building, and was finally rescued by the school security staff.Then, through the patient guidance of the psychological teacher, she gave up the idea of jumping off the building, to avoid the tragedy.

3.2 Reasons for event education and managementThis is a typical mental health problem event for college students.Through the counter-check trace management analysis, the reasons for this incident are as follows: the school had a psychological evaluation when entering school, but the passenger showed normal, However, the psychological test was invalid when the performance and the behavior description were enrolled, and can not provide effective resources for the timely discovery of the student’s mental health risks; the psychological tutor informed the instructor of the cabin passenger students, the counselor informed the Theravada’s parents without the ride’s knowledge, causing rebellious psychology of students, feeling psychologically betrayed, can’t ever believe in the counselor anymore, and then the emotional outlet points to the counselor; when the young passenger’s parents knew that the counselor had reported the student’s psychological problems, not being appreciated, no care measures were taken, then the effective communication and guidance led to the student’s psychological state nearly collapse, and brought about serious consequences.

3.3 Comprehensive cause analysisAfter investigation and study of college student psychological events and related documents, there are many reasons for education management, such as(i)school education management, weak staff awareness, or failure to attend relevant training;(i)education management policies are not standardized and random;(iii)related psychological test coping or formality, test failure or distortion,(iv)daily education, trace management;(v)emergency treatment, accelerated event deterioration,etc.

4 Analysis of mental health education management for college students

4.1 Event tree analysis methodEvent Tree Analysis(ETA)is a common analysis method in safety system engineering.It is a method to identify the possible consequences of the accident development.The preparation procedure of the accident tree is to determine the initial event, judge the safety function, draw the event tree, and finally simplify the event tree.Event tree analysis method can help understand the dynamic development process of events and provide scientific basis for accident prevention and formulation of safety management measures.

4.2 Construction of the event treeIn view of the above cases and the general process of mental health education management for college students, in order to prevent the occurrence of psychological problems for college students, corresponding education management measures should be taken in all links of education management and relevant psychological intervention in the corresponding event nodes.When students have psychological problems, we generally take reverse check, the first is to see whether the relevant staff did the emergency work, the second is to see whether the counselor has targeted to talk work, the third is to see whether the relevant event node do the mental health education, the fourth is the school level for all the students,etc.According to the logic of the event tree analysis method, it happened to turn the order of the countercheck around.Therefore, according to the above general event development process for specific analysis, for the purpose of mental health education and management for college students, it can also be said an initial event, to test(test completed and effective is result 1, missing and invalid is result 2), regular mental health education(education completed and effective is result 1, missing and invalid is result 2), counselor individual conversation(conversation completed and effective is result 1, missing and invalid is result 2), emergency treatment(proper is result 1, shall not be the result 2)as each link in the process of event forward events, following the construction method of the event tree model graph, the event tree of mental health education management of college students(missing and invalid)caused by psychological problems of college students was built(Fig.1).

Fig.1 Event tree model of mental health education management for college students

As shown in Fig.1, according to the event tree model, the event outcome states are normal and hidden danger, among which R1, R3, R5, R7, R9, R11, R13 and R15 are in the normal state, and R2, R4, R6, R8, R10, R12, R14 and R16 are in the hidden danger state, the safety problems can be divided into accidents at different levels according to the specific situation.Although R2, R4, R6, R8, R10, R12, R14 and R16 are all hidden dangers, their probability in the process of mental health education management of college students is not the same.

4.3 Event tree analysis algorithm

4.3.1Qualitative analysis.As can be seen from Fig.1, there are a total of 16 results after the development of college mental health education management, among which R2, R4, R6, R8, R10, R12, R14 and R16 are all hidden dangers, but the reasons for the lack of management education are different.It can be seen that the follow-up events: thorough test, regular mental health education, individual conversation and emergency treatment will lead to hidden dangers, among which emergency treatment is the most critical and last link.

4.3.2Quantitative analysis.One of the methods used in the process of this study is Delphi method.We invited six college student mental health education management experts and scholars to participate in, including: two psychological professors, one student director, one senior counselor, one management professor, and one education professor.The experts and scholars have equal weight coefficient in the evaluation.Using the Delphi method, the event tree model of mental health education management and the probability of education management events are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Probability table of mental health teaching management tree for college students

In the process of this study, the second method is the reverse check management statistical method, which is based on the statistics of the mental health events of college students from five universities from 2018 to 2020.The five universities are one 985 university, one 211 university, one local undergraduate university, one certain industry characteristic university and one higher vocational college.Using the reverse check management statistical method, according to the event tree model of mental health education management in Fig.1, the absence of mental health events is shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Statistical data for the period of 2010-2020

In the process of this study, the third method is a sample based on the questionnaire data of five universities, including one 985 university, one 211 university, one ordinary local undergraduate university, one industry characteristic university and one higher vocational college.Using the questionnaire method, the missing statistics of the mental health events are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Probability table of the statistical questionnaire on the mental health education management event tree for college students

If the normal and effective education management of subsequent events is recorded as a, missing and ineffective education management is recorded as b, then a simplified version of the college student mental health education management event tree can be obtained, as shown in Fig.2.

Fig.2 Simplified model of mental health education management event tree for college students

The results of 16 clocks obtained in Fig.2 are recorded as follows:

R1=aaaaR2=aaabR3=aabaR4=aabbR5=abaaR6=ababR7=abbaR8=abbbR9=baaaR10=baabR11=babaR12=babbR13=bbaaR14=bbabR15=bbbaR16=bbbb

According to the preliminary statistics and empirical analysis, the test completion and effective probability is 0.8 missing and invalid probability is 0.2, regular health education is 0.9 missing or invalid is 0.1, 0.9, 0.7, 0.3.

According to the calculation formula, the probability results in 16 are as follows:

P(R1)=P1a.P2a.P3a.P4a=0.8×0.9×0.9×0.7=0.453 6

P(R2)=P1a.P2a.P3a.P4b=0.8×0.9×0.9×0.3=0.194 4

P(R3)=P1a.P2a.P3b.P4a=0.8×0.9×0.1×0.7=0.050 4

P(R4)=P1a.P2a.P3b.P4b=0.8×0.9×0.1×0.3=0.021 6

P(R5)=P1a.P2b.P3a.P4a=0.8×0.1×0.9×0.7=0.050 4

P(R6)=P1a.P2b.P3a.P4b=0.8×0.1×0.9×0.3=0.021 6

P(R7)=P1a.P2b.P3b.P4a=0.8×0.1×0.1×0.7=0.005 6

P(R8)=P1a.P2b.P3b.P4b=0.8×0.1×0.1×0.3=0.002 4

P(R9)=P1b.P2a.P3a.P4a=0.2×0.9×0.9×0.7=0.113 4

P(R10)=P1b.P2a.P3a.P4b=0.2×0.9×0.9×0.3=0.048 6

P(R11)=P1b.P2a.P3b.P4a=0.2×0.9×0.1×0.7=0.021 6

P(R12)=P1b.P2a.P3b.P4b=0.2×0.9×0.1×0.3=0.005 4

P(R13)=P1b.P2b.P3a.P4a=0.2×0.1×0.9×0.7=0.012 6

P(R14)=P1b.P2b.P3a.P4b=0.2×0.1×0.9×0.3=0.005 4

P(R15)=P1b.P2b.P3b.P4a=0.2×0.1×0.1×0.7=0.001 4

P(R16)=P1b.P2b.P3b.P4b=0.2×0.1×0.1×0.3=0.000 6

From the above results, the mental health of college students is in the safe state in education management process, with probability of 6.54%, probability of 3.54% because of missing and failure, and 3% because of emergency treatment.

5 Suggestions and countermeasures for mental health education management of college students

5.1 Improving the standing position and strengthen the consciousnessThrough the event tree analysis, it is found that many mental health risks of college students are caused by the lack and failure of educational management links.Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the awareness of mental health education and management of college students, effectively improve their political standing and responsibility, and raise the mental health work of college students to the height of political tasks.The mental health problems of college students are not only directly related to every student, but also seriously affect the image of colleges and universities and even cause serious losses to the country.The mental health education management of college students should let all teachers and students pay attention to the ideology, earnestly implement it in action, and implement the mental health education management in the daily teaching and life management.The relevant work should be incorporated into the grid management of colleges and universities, and the person responsible for the implementation of each link should establish a sense of safety responsibility.

5.2 Establishing and improving the system and management systemThe event tree analysis shows that the mental health education management of college students needs clear system requirements, and the system has a guiding role to guide the specific development of mental health and safety education management.A comprehensive education management system of health education management, notification, rectification, interview and accountability should be gradually established.Mental health education management deployment at least once a semester, each relevant unit shall conduct health education management self-examination at least once a month, timely find hidden dangers links and hidden dangers of individual students, carry out the notification mechanism of mental health hidden dangers, and establish the administrative interview mechanism of mental health education management.Strengthen the basic and basic evaluation link of colleges and universities, and find out the state of students.Every college and university can establish their own mental health education management system according to their own characteristics.

5.3 Strengthening the training and improving the emergency response capacityIn the process of mental health education and management for college students, the probability of mental health events that should not be caused by emergency treatment is the greatest.Strengthening the training of relevant staff can effectively reduce the mental health incidents of college students caused by improper emergency treatment.The training is mainly divided into two aspects: the one is theoretical knowledge related to mental health, especially basic knowledge of psychology, such as adding mental health knowledge in the counselor recruitment examination; the other is strengthening emergency drills to improve emergency response ability.Emergency plans were formulated and drills were organized for the mental health emergencies of college students, such as jumping, self-harm, conflict and public opinion.Through the drill, it is recommended to test the feasibility of the emergency plan, the effectiveness of the reporting system, the necessity of duty system, summarize the experience, promptly adjust the corresponding implementation plan, mental health event reporting procedures and duty system, let the relevant teachers and students intuitively participate, improve the mental health emergency handling ability.

5.4 Establishing a monitoring mechanism by technical meansIn addition to improving the system and training, the mental health education management of college students should also be under technical control.For example, the test should have reasonable contents and methods to achieve effectiveness.The application technology of information technology with psychology, management and education is becoming more and more developed, and we should make full use of modern technical means.For example, the mental health monitoring and alarm system, can automatically alarm when the psychological monitoring reaches a critical point; the intelligent monitoring system can monitor the whole mental health of college students, the monitoring system of mental health education management, monitoring the completion and effectiveness of each link of education management.

6 Conclusions

To sum up, for the mental health education management of college students, the event tree analysis method in the safety system project and the mental health education management process can construct the mental health education management of college students.We analyzed and summarized 16 kinds of accidents, and classified them into two categories of normal and hidden dangers, which is more intuitive and more in line with the law of psychological events of college students.Through qualitative analysis and probability calculation, we found that students’ mental health education most of the time is in a normal state, and hidden danger probability and education management link have direct management, and from the mental health education management, mental health education plan, mental health safety management inspection, safety education rules and regulations and emergency treatment.Finally, we put forward the corresponding preventive measures, to ensure that college students’ mental health education management has practical guiding significance and has certain promotion and application prospects.