跨越二十六载的非洲之情

何贤君 薛文春

一位非洲友人曾经说过，和合文化作为中华文化的精髓之一，在非洲不少地方广为流传，弘扬光大。而把和合文化带到非洲的正是一个师范类的高校——浙江师范大学。

浙师大于1996年开始与非洲结缘，二十六年的深厚情谊，见证了和合文化在非洲的开花结果。如今，浙师大由于深耕非洲研究，已逐渐成为中国非洲区域国别研究的学术高地、非洲事务咨询的重要智库、涉非人才培养的重要基地和对非民间外交的重要力量。

三大平台推动中非合作

浙师大的新月湖畔，有一座敞亮的四层楼。棕黑色的楹联式门牌，刻着一行金黄色的字：浙江师范大学非洲研究院。如今，这里已经成为中国非洲研究的一支重要生力军。

浙师大基于长期的学术研究和实践，创造性地提出了中非共建共享共通的知识、情感、行动体系架构，其中，非洲研究院、非洲博物馆、中非智库论坛作为体系架构的三大实践“主平台”不断得以发展和延伸，浙师大也由此走出了一条地方高校特色办学的新路。

浙师大非洲研究院的创建之路要追溯到2006年。“当时，有人建议我，在国内高校创办一个实体性研究机构，发挥智库功效服务中非合作。”非洲研究院院长刘鸿武回忆说。第二年，身为云南大学非洲研究专家的他，来到浙师大创立非洲研究院，提出以学科建设为本体的“五位一体”智库发展思路，即“学科建设为主体，智库服务为功用，媒体传播为手段，扎根非洲为前提，中非合作为路径”。

经过十几年的努力，如今，这一学科建构起了从本科到硕士、博士学位点完整的课程体系、教材体系、师资体系和人才培养体系。一批富有情怀、学有专攻的中非学者成长起来，产出了一系列原创性的成果，有的研究填补了相关领域的空白。自2007年建院以来，浙师大非洲研究院专注非洲发展和中非合作两大领域的研究，2020年成为国家教育部与浙江省“省部共建非洲研究与中非合作协同创新研究中心”。

浙师大非洲博物馆作为国内首个和非洲相关的综合性博物馆，业已成为传播非洲文化的“立体教科书”。馆藏非洲艺术品1000多件，接待国内外参观者十几万人次，到上海、宁波、杭州等城市举办巡展10余场……交谈中，刘鸿武从相册中翻出一张泛黄的照片递给笔者。照片中的他一袭白衣，半蹲在一个桁架上刷油漆。身后一块木板上写着5个大字：非洲博物馆。这是当年他亲自参与建馆时的留影。如今，非洲博物馆二期工程“中非交流博物馆”正在筹建中，计划今年年底开馆。

“非洲是人类艺术生活的重要摇篮，这是一个把生活变成艺术、又把艺术变成生活的地方。”分管博物馆工作的副院长杨文佳说。笔者走进博物馆，立刻就被热烈而动感的非洲本土音乐所吸引。衬着温柔的橘色灯光，各类造型夸张、风格迥异的艺术品摆放在展示台上，散发出浓浓的异域风情。国之交在民相亲。非洲博物馆重塑了参观者对非洲的认知，也为非洲朋友们带来了家的感觉。

为了让中非双方和整个发展中国家的学术界、思想界、智库界有主动设置議题、创设概念、贡献知识、提供思想的意识与能力，2011年，由浙师大牵头操办的中非智库论坛诞生。创办以来，论坛每年分别在中国和非洲举行，设置了“新世纪第二个十年的中非关系”“新形势下中非如何维护与拓展共同利益”“中非关系的提升与中非软实力建设”等重要议题，为中非合作战略贡献了巨大力量。中国和非洲上千位高端学术人才，通过这一对话平台进行思想碰撞和交流，推进了中非学术思想界的合作。2012年，中非智库论坛正式纳入中非合作论坛框架，成为中非民间对话的固定机制。

深入非洲传播中国文化

1996年，浙师大选派了汉语教师赴喀麦隆教授汉语，传播中国文化。多年来，浙江师范大学通过孔子学院的平台，致力于非洲本土的中文教育。该校国际处处长、国际中文教育实践与研究非洲基地执行主任徐丽华教授表示，孔子学院在中非人文交流等领域发挥了桥梁和窗口作用，在构建中非命运共同体的过程中起到了重要的助推作用。

2007年起，浙江师范大学先后与喀麦隆雅温得第二大学、莫桑比克蒙德拉内大学、坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆大学和南非西开普大学合作成立4所孔子学院。10多年来，浙江师范大学已先后派出数百名汉语教师，先后培养了数万名通晓中文的非洲“中国通”，其中有近千名汉语专业的毕业生。

麦晓晴是喀麦隆雅温得第二大学孔子学院汉语教师志愿者。“你好，这里是雅温得第二大学孔子学院……”一天下午，初来喀麦隆的她坐在出租车上，突然听到了熟悉的中文，当时的她激动坏了。

不仅能让身在异国他乡的她听到中文，同时还是一档教中文、普及中国文化的节目，这让参与其中并从事汉语教育事业的她倍感自豪：“漂洋过海来到遥远的喀麦隆是值得的。”更让她没想到的是，司机突然用中文跟她对话了起来。“你好！今天天气真好！”虽然发音不是很准，但能够感受到司机对汉语的热爱。“我一遍一遍地教，他一遍一遍地跟着学，连带着后面的乘客也跟着我念起来了。”在这小小的车厢里，伴随着广播里传来的中文歌声与主持人的实用汉语教学，麦晓晴与司机、乘客也展开了一堂生动的汉语课。下车前，司机还向麦晓晴打听去哪里可以学汉语，“他想让他儿子学习中文，然后到中国留学”。司机说起中文时脸上的笑容，让她至今难忘。

除了培养汉语专业学生外，在浙江师范大学帮助下，这4所孔子学院通过“一院多点”的方式，将汉语学习辐射到了更广范围。

从对中国知之甚少到“汉语热”不断升温，越来越多的非洲人对会说汉语、交中国朋友表现出极大的热情。通过孔子学院，浙江师范大学不仅向非洲四国人民传播汉语、推广中华文化，还加深了中非之间的传统友谊。

“我想您Amanda，不要忘了我！”“老师，我今天读了您写的诗《水要蒸发》，很想念您！”……这是浙师大公派教师蒋玲月结束为期两年的汉语教学，从莫桑比克回国后收到的来自当地学生的祝福。

几名志愿者围在当地居民的炭炉旁做西红柿炒蛋；第一次端着饺子向当地邻居示好，换来了巧克力蛋糕；自己指导的学生出现在湖南卫视“汉语桥”大赛舞台上并荣获非洲组第七名；学生在中秋晚会现场忘情地朗诵她指导的汉语诗歌；她的声音出现在马普托车载电台的访问节目上……如今，每每收到学生从微信、邮箱、社交媒体平台发来的问候，她的脑海中都会泛起自己在莫桑比克的记忆涟漪。每条留言，每声问候，她都会轻声朗读很多次。

双向交流搭建友谊之桥

浙江师范大学还通过多平台培养涉非人才，助力“一带一路”民心相通，每年有1000多名非洲留学生在校学习。学校积极承担对非人力资源培训项目，十多年来，共承办200多个对非研修项目，共有来自49个非洲国家和地区的4000余名高级教育官员和大中小学校长、智库专家、教师等参加研修，不少人已成为非洲政界、学界的重要人物。2010年，学校还成立了全国高校首家融人才培养、人员培训、学术研究、商务咨询于一体的实体性中非国际商学院，同时在国际文化教育学院建立对非汉语国际教育本科专业与硕士专业，与南非斯坦陵布什大学合作，在非洲三国建立海外实训基地，招收中国和非洲国家的本科生、研究生，迄今已培养中国“非洲通”和非洲“中国通”人才万余人。

约罗 · 迪亚洛（Yoro · Diallo）来自马里，毕业于法国巴黎第一大学，2013年作为外交官来华任职，现在是浙江师范大学非洲研究院马里籍高级研究员、非洲博物馆馆长、非洲法语国家研究中心执行主任。

从小，他对中国就有着特殊的感情。他父亲是马里一所学校的校长，而这所学校就是中国援建的。那时，学校里经常播放中国歌曲，虽然当时年纪小，他还是学会了一些。

有一年，他母亲生病，看了很多医生都不见好，最后被援助马里的一位中国医生治好了。打听后才知道，这位医生来自“金华”，那是他第一次在心里记下了“金华”这座城市的名字。

2011年，约罗 · 迪亚洛第一次来到金华，就参观了浙江师范大学的非洲博物馆。“当时馆内藏品还不多，我发现没有自己家乡马里的藏品，就向学校表达了捐赠意愿。”约罗 · 迪亚洛回忆道。为了实现自己的愿望，2014年，当他再次因为工作交流来到浙江师范大学时，就向非洲博物馆捐赠了收藏多年的5件马里艺术品，“我捐赠的这些工艺品也填补了该馆马里藏品的空白，我很自豪”。

来到浙师大任职后，他梳理和丰富了博物馆内的藏品，研究来了它們的文化内涵，时常向中国的学生介绍这些国家的地理、人口、族群、语言，以及艺术与传统习俗，促进中非两国文化交流。

来自坦桑尼亚的王晓乐，现在是浙师大汉语国际教育专业的一名学生。从小，他就对中国和汉字充满好奇。“我家在坦赞铁路边，铁路是中国援建的，铁路旁超市里的商品上很多都是汉字。”小时候，他和很多非洲人一样爱看李小龙的电影，向往去中国。

2017年，来到浙师大学习汉语国际教育，这也成了他梦想的起点。“在金华5年多时间里，好多金华朋友夸我汉语说得好，说我是个‘老金华。”但王晓乐并不满足，他更想学习中国传统文化，融入中国人的生活，变成一个能读懂中国的老外，做一个“中国通”。除了在课堂上学习汉语，他还走进金华的大街小巷，交中国朋友。他学习了中国剪纸、参加划龙舟比赛，还常去雷锋文化馆做志愿者。

“我愿是一座金华桥，连接金华与非洲的文化交流。”2021年，他用母语斯瓦希里语翻译中国防疫注意事项宣传语，为在华外籍人士提供语言服务；他开抖音号，帮助很多在坦桑尼亚学习工作的中国朋友学习斯语；他参与浙师大学术公共纪录片《重走坦赞铁路》的拍摄，为纪录片创作歌曲；他听说了陈望道的故事，还尝试用斯语翻译《共产党宣言》……

如今，有不少外国朋友问他金华怎么样？他总会不厌其烦地向他们“种草”，并邀请他们来金华、来中国。“我想让更多非洲人了解中国文化，看到真实美好的中国。”将来，他希望自己能成为记者或文化传播者，为中非文化交流贡献力量。明年，学校还准备让他去给即将赴非洲孔子学院当志愿者的老师们上课，教授斯语和非洲文化。

据悉，10多年来，浙江师范大学培养了中非研究博士、硕士300多人，还承办了数十期国家级别的涉非高端人才研修班，累计培训非洲高端人才4000人次，其中不少学员已成为在非洲各国非常有影响力的人物。

African Friendship Spanning Twenty-Six Years

By He Xianjun Xue Wenchun

An African friend said， as part of the quintessential Chinese culture， the Hehe culture has been widely spread and carried forward in many parts of Africa. Zhejiang Normal University （ZJNU） brought the Hehe culture to Africa in 1996 from an academic highland in China for country-specific African studies， a think tank for African affairs consulting， a base for Africa-related training and as a force in non-governmental diplomacy with Africa.

In a spacious four-story building by the Crescent Lake in ZJNU， with its brown-black couplet-style door number plate engraved with the words “Institute of African Studies， Zhejiang Normal University” in a golden color， you can find a new force in African studies in China. The university creatively proposed a system of common knowledge and action for China-Africa co-construction and sharing， whose main practice platforms are Institute of African Studies， Africa Museum and China-Africa Think Tank Forum， so that ZJNU has embarked on a new path for running a local university.

Liu Hongwu， chief of the institution which plays the role of a think tank to serve China-Africa cooperation， recalled how in 2007， as an African research expert at Yunnan University， he moved to ZJNU and proposed the idea of a “five-in-one” think tank with discipline construction as the main body， think tank service as the functional operator， media communication as the means， rooting in Africa as the foundation， and China-Africa cooperation as the path. After years of hard work， this entity has formed a complete system of curriculum， teaching materials， teachers and talent training with programs from bachelors to masters and doctoral degrees. A group of enthusiastic and professional Chinese and African scholars have grown up and produced a series of publications. The Institute of Africa Studies has focused on African development and China-Africa cooperation， and in 2020， it became the national “Research Center for African Studies and China-Africa Innovative and Synergetic Cooperation.”

As the first comprehensive museum on Africa in China， the Africa Museum has become a “3D textbook” for the dissemination of African culture. The museum has more than 1，000 pieces of African art; it has received more than 100，000 domestic and foreign visitors; it has held a dozen touring exhibitions in Shanghai， Ningbo， Hangzhou and other cities. Now， the second-phase project， China-Africa Exchange Museum is scheduled to open soon.

“Africa is an important cradle of human artistic life， a place that turns life into art and art back into life，” said Yang Wenjia， deputy dean in charge of museum work. Walking into the museum， one would be immediately attracted by enthusiastic and dynamic African music. Against the gentle orange light， various artworks with exaggerated shapes and in different styles are placed on the display stands， exuding a strong exotic atmosphere. The friendship between countries lies in their peoples mutual affinity. The Africa Museum reshapes the visitors perception of Africa and brings the feeling of a “home from home” to African friends.

In order to provide the academia， thinkers and think tanks in both China and Africa and the entire developing countries with a platform to set topics， create concepts， contribute knowledge and ideas， the China-Africa Think Tank Forum led by ZJNU was born in 2011. Since its inception， the forum has been held in China and Africa respectively every year. Important topics like “China-Africa relations in the second decade of the new century”， “How do China and Africa maintain and expand common interests in the new situation” and “The promotion of China-Africa relations and the construction of China-Africa soft power” have contributed enormously to China-Africa cooperation. Thousands of scholars from China and Africa have brainstormed and exchanged ideas through this dialogue platform， and promoted the cooperation between the academic and ideological circles in China and Africa. In 2012， the China-Africa Think Tank Forum was formally incorporated into the framework of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation as a fixed mechanism for China-Africa people-to-people dialogues.

In 1996， ZJNU sent language teachers to Cameroon to teach Chinese and spread Chinese culture. Over the years， it has devoted itself to Chinese teaching in Africa through the platform of the Confucius Institute. Professor Xu Lihua， director of the International Office and executive director of the African Base for International Chinese Education Practice and Research， said that the Confucius Institute has played a role of a bridge and window in China-Africa humanistic exchanges.

Since 2007， ZJNU has established four Confucius Institutes in cooperation with the University of Yaoundé II in Cameroon， Eduardo Mondlane University in Mozambique， the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania and the University of the Western Cape in South Africa. It has dispatched hundreds of Chinese teachers and trained tens of thousands of African “China hands” who are proficient in Chinese， including nearly 1，000 graduates majoring in Chinese language.

Mai Xiaoqing is a volunteer Chinese teacher at the Confucius Institute at the University of Yaoundé II in Cameroon. “Hello， this is the Confucius Institute at the University of Yaoundé II ...” One afternoon， when she was sitting in a taxi in Cameroon for the first time， she suddenly heard familiar Chinese， and she was so excited at the time. Being in a foreign country， she could not only hear Chinese， but also a program that teaches Chinese and popularizes Chinese culture. For her， who is involved in Chinese education， she felt a sense of pride： “Its worth it to go as far as Cameroon.” What surprised her even more was that the driver suddenly started a conversation with her in Chinese. “Hello！ The weather is so nice today！” Although the pronunciation was not so good， she could feel the drivers love for Chinese. In this small car， accompanied by the singing of Chinese songs on the radio and the hosts practical Chinese teaching， Mai Xiaoqing， driver and passengers also started a lively Chinese class. The driver asked Mai Xiaoqing where to learn Chinese， “He wanted his son to learn Chinese and then study in China.” The smile on the drivers face speaking about Chinese is unforgettable to this day. In addition to cultivating Chinese majors， with the help of ZJNU， these four Confucius Institutes have radiated Chinese learning to a wider range through the “one institute with multiple campuses” approach.

Zhejiang Normal University also cultivates African-related talents on multiple platforms and helps people to connect with people along the Belt and Road. Over a thousand African students enroll here every year. It has undertaken over 200 human resources training programs for Africa in a dozen years， enrolling more than 4，000 senior education officials and presidents of universities， middle and primary schools， think tank experts and teachers from 49 African countries and regions， and many of them have become important figures in African political and academic circles， including the current President of the Central African Republic Faustin Archange Touadera. In 2010， ZJNU established the first China-Africa International Business School that integrates training， academic research and business consulting in a Chinese university， as well as undergraduate and masters programs for international education in Chinese for Africa at its College of International Culture and Education. In cooperation with Stellenbosch University in South Africa， it established overseas training bases in three African countries and enrolled undergraduate and postgraduate students from China and African countries. So far， more than 10，000 Chinese “Africa hands” and African “China hands” have been trained.

Yoro Diallo is from Mali and graduated from University of Paris I. He came to China as a diplomat in 2013 and is now a Mali senior researcher at the Institute of African Studies， director of the Africa Museum， executive director of the Center for the Studies of African French-speaking Countries. Since childhood， he has had a special affection for China. His father is the principal of a school in Mali， which was built with Chinese aid. Chinese songs were frequently played in the school and he learned some of them. One year， his mother fell ill， and after seeing many doctors， she was finally cured by a Chinese doctor in Mali. He managed to find out that the doctor was from “Jinhua”， and that was the first time he wrote down the name of the city in his mind.

In 2011， when Yoro Diallo first came to Jinhua， he visited the Africa Museum. “At that time， there were not many collections in the museum. I found nothing from my hometown of Mali， so I expressed my willingness to donate to the university.” In 2014， when he came to ZJNU again for work exchange， he donated five pieces of Malian art that he had collected many years ago. “I am proud that these handicrafts I donated fill the gap in the museums collection of Mali.” After coming to teach at the University， he sorted out and enriched the collections in the museum， and studied their cultural connotations. He often introduced the geography， population， ethnic groups， languages， as well as arts and traditional customs of these countries to Chinese students to promote China-Africa Cultural exchanges.

Ayube Tewele Damiani， who goes by his Chinese name Wang Xiaole， from Tanzania is currently a student majoring in Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages. Since childhood， he has been curious about China and Chinese characters. “My home is by the Tanzania-Zambia Railway， built with assistance from China. Many commodities in the supermarkets next to the railway have Chinese characters on them.” Like many Africans， he loved watching Bruce Lees movies and longed to go to China. In 2017， he came to Zhejiang Normal University， which became the starting point of his dream.

“For more than 5 years in Jinhua， many Jinhua friends praised me for speaking Chinese well， saying that I am an ‘old Jinhua.” But Wang Xiaole was not satisfied. He wanted to learn traditional Chinese culture， integrate into Chinese life， and become a foreigner who can read China as a “China hand”. In addition to learning Chinese in class， he also walked into the streets of Jinhua and made Chinese friends. He learned Chinese paper cutting， participated in dragon boat races， and often volunteered at the Lei Feng Cultural Center.

“I would like to be a bridge connecting the cultural exchanges between Jinhua and Africa.” In 2021， he translated the slogans of Chinas epidemic prevention precautions into his native language Swahili， providing language services for foreigners in China; he opened a TikTok account to help Chinese friends who are studying and working in Tanzania to learn his language. He participated in the filming of ZJNUs public documentary Traveling Along the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Again and composed songs. After hearing the story of Chen Wangdao， he also tried to translate The Communist Manifest into Swahili.

Nowadays， many foreign friends ask him what Jinhua is like？ He would always go out of his way to share information and invite them to Jinhua and China. “I want more Africans to understand Chinese culture and see the real and beautiful China.” In the future， he hopes to become a journalist or cultural communicator and contribute to China-Africa cultural exchanges. Next year， ZJNU plans to ask him to tutor the teachers who will be volunteering at the Confucius Institutes in Africa， teaching them Swahili and African culture.

It is reported that over the past 10 years， Zhejiang Normal University has trained more than 300 doctors and masters in Chinese and African studies， and has hosted dozens of training courses for Africa-related officials from Chinese central ministries and commissions， and has trained 4，000 African professionals， many of whom have become influential figures in African countries.