Trade-marks（II）商标（下）

V. M. Hillyer

——V.M.希利爾（仲秋译）

“But I thought the Louvre was an art gallery！”you say. So it is now， the biggest art gallery in the world， but it wasn't built as an art gallery. It was built by kings of France for their use as a palace.

The Louvre is so big—one gallery in it is a quarter of a mile long—that it would take you hours and hours just to walk all through it. Of course it wasn't built all at one time. Francis I built part of it. Then other kings added other parts. It wasn't finished till late in the nineteenth century. So the Louvre is a good building to study for a complete history of Renaissance architecture in France， from the earliest to the latest styles.

The Louvre is so big that a photograph doesn't do it justice. In a photograph you can only see one part of it at a time and as each main part looks quite different from its other parts， you really have to be in Paris and see it for yourself to get a good view of it.

“不过，”你肯定会说，“我记得罗浮宫是一座艺术博物馆啊！”是的，现在的罗浮宫的确是一座艺术博物馆，而且是现在世界上最大的一座博物馆，但当时它并不是作为博物馆来修建的，而是法国王室修建来作为自己的宫殿用的。

罗浮宫非常非常大——一个画廊就有四百米那么长——你就是只走路穿过去就要花掉好几个小时。当然，这么大的罗浮宫也不是一次性就建好的，弗朗索瓦一世修建了其中的一部分，后来的国王又增建了建筑的其他部分，直到19世纪才全部完工。由于修建时间跨度长，涵盖了法国文艺复兴各个时期的风格，因此罗浮宫成为研究整个法国文艺复兴风格建筑的最佳范例。

也因为罗浮宫太大了，所以一张照片根本不能展示出它的全貌。在一张照片里，你都只能看到罗浮宫的一个角落、一个部分，然而罗浮宫的每个角落、各个区域又是风格迥异的，所以如果有机会的话，你应该亲自去一趟巴黎，亲眼看看罗浮宫的风采，那样的话每个角落都可以被你尽收眼底。

Two of the most important of the many architects of the Louvre were Pierre Lescot and Claude Perrault.

Lescot was the architect for Francis I. Perrault's work is a century later than Lescot's. Perrault did the famous east fa?ade with its long row of coupled Corinthian columns. The strange fact is that Perrault was the king's doctor， not an architect at all， but he managed to make a very good job of the east fa?ade of the Louvre.

The Louvre was used as the kings' palace till the French Revolution. Then the king was beheaded and the Louvre was made into a national art gallery. An art gallery is what it has been ever since.

But though Francis I was showy and spent too much money in building， there was a later French king who was even showier and spent even more money in building even more magnificent palaces. This king was Louis XIV， whose architect built the tremendous palace of Versailles. The palace at Versailles was added to by later kings until France became a republic. It is now owned and cared for by the French Government.

Its beautifully laid out grounds add to the magnificence of the palace， but the buildings themselves are monotonous， too much alike， too long and regular. The most famous part is the Hall of Mirrors， a gigantic room with mirrors along the walls. The Hall of Mirrors is where the peace treaty was signed after World War I.

在参与罗浮宫修建的众多建筑师中，有两位是非常重要的，他俩分别是皮埃尔·莱斯科和克洛德·佩罗。

皮埃尔·莱斯科是弗朗索瓦一世时期的建筑师，而克洛德·佩罗参与罗浮宫设计的时间要比皮埃尔·莱斯科晚一个世纪。罗浮宫东部面门的长排科林斯对柱便是克洛德·佩罗最著名的设计了。不可思议的是，克洛德·佩罗其实是国王的御医，完全不是建筑师，但是不得不承认他设计的罗浮宫东部面门确实十分漂亮。

罗浮宫自建成，一直都被用作王室的宫殿，这一用途延续到法国革命爆发。在那次革命中，法国国王被斩首，罗浮宫也变成了国家艺术博物馆，直到现在。

但即使弗朗索瓦一世非常爱炫耀，喜欢大兴土木、挥霍无度，在他之后的一位法国国王，在修建富丽堂皇的宫殿用于炫富上更加挥霍无度。这位国王就是路易十四，他的建筑师为他修建了金碧辉煌的凡尔赛宫。在那之后的法国国王也都不断地增建凡尔赛宫，这种情况一直延续到法国最终成为共和国。目前，这座华丽的宫殿属于法国政府，并由政府来维护。

凡尔赛宫内部有着非常精美的布置，使得原本就十分豪华的宫殿显得更加金碧辉煌。但是如果只看建筑结构，凡尔赛宫本身非常单调，就是在不断重复，既长又普通。在凡尔赛宫内，最有名的参观点是镜厅。镜厅非常宽敞，四周的墙面镶满了镜子。第一次世界大战的停战协议就是在凡尔赛宫的镜厅签署的。

Word Study

behead/b?'hed/v.将（某人）斩首（尤指刑罚）

magnificent/m?g'n?f?snt/adj.壮丽的;宏伟的;值得赞扬的

The Taj Mahal is a magnificent building.

monotonous/m?'n?t?n?s/adj.單调乏味的

At Versailles， not very far from the big palace， is a much smaller building called the Petit Trianon. It was built by Louis XV and became the favorite residence of Marie Antoinette， the queen who was later beheaded in the French Revolution.

The French Revolution brings us almost up to the nineteenth century. In the nineteenth century the French erected several buildings that have become famous. One of these is the Dome of the Invalides， a building sacred to Frenchmen because it contains the tomb of Napoleon. In it you can see Napoleon's badge or trade?mark—a capital letter N.

在凡尔赛宫庭院内，离主建筑不远的地方，有一座比凡尔赛宫小得多的建筑，名叫小特里亚农宫。这座建筑由路易十五修建，后来成为玛丽·安托瓦内特最喜爱的居所，这个玛丽·安托瓦内特就是后来在法国革命中被砍头的王后。

说到法国革命，时间就将我们带进了19世纪。19世纪法国修建的建筑中，有一些后来也变得很有名，其中一座闻名的建筑就是荣军院。这是一座被法国人奉为神圣之地的建筑，因为荣军院教堂底下有拿破仑的陵墓。在荣军院里，你还可以看到专属于拿破仑的标志——大写的字母N。

The French Pantheon has a somewhat similar dome， with however， a circle of slim columns around the base. The Pantheon is used as a church and is a shrine to the memory of Saint Genevieve， the patron saint of Paris. It contains the celebrated mural paintings of scenes from the life of Saint Genevieve.

France， and especially Paris， has many other handsome buildings. I wish I could tell you about them all. But I'm sure there are enough French names in this chapter already to keep your memory busy. If you can't name them all without looking back， you'll know why I'm not going even to mention the Madeleine， the Arc de Triomphe， L'Orangerie， the Eiffel Tower or the Opera.

What！ I've already mentioned them？So I have. Well， anyway， I won't say anything more about them. So there！

法国先贤祠的拱顶与希腊众神庙的拱顶很相像，只不过先贤祠的拱顶下面有一圈细细长长的圆柱。法国先贤祠曾经作为教堂使用，同时也是纪念巴黎守护神——圣女日南斐法的神社。先贤祠里面有许多著名的壁画，主要描述的场景是圣女日南斐法的生平。

法国，尤其是巴黎，还有许许多多漂亮的建筑。我真希望我能给你都介绍一遍。但是我相信现在这一章里提到的建筑名字已经把你的大脑都塞满了，如果你现在不回头看，已经记不得我刚才介绍过的那些著名建筑的话，你就知道为什么我没有再提玛德琳教堂、凯旋门、橘园、埃菲尔铁塔、巴黎歌剧院等更多的名胜了。

什么！我已经都介绍过了？好吧，就算我都说了吧。嗯，不管怎么样，我就不再多说什么了，这一章就到此为止吧！

Word Study

erect/?'rekt/v.建立;建造

The church was erected in 1582.

sacred/'se?kr?d/adj.上帝的;神的;神圣的

This memorial stands on sacred ground.