杨同玉
感受北极圈的冬季,最好的方式莫过于搭乘邮轮。一个冬日,我搭乘海达路德号,沿着挪威漫长的海岸线北上,于漫漫长夜里,在地球最北段的心脏地带,探寻北极圈最自然、最原始的一面。
邮轮从卑尔根群山环绕的海港出发,到挪威的尽头希尔科内斯,为挪威西部海岸34个港口运送乘客、邮包和食物。这条航线是这些偏远地区的生命线,一百年来,挪威西北海岸的居民就是依靠海达路德号与几百公里以外的城市进行交流和贸易。这条沿海航线也是最受欢迎的旅行线路,清新的空气、美丽的峡湾、冰封的瀑布、巍峨的雪山、神秘的极光,最原始的自然景致把人带入童话般的世界里。
挪威的海岸線漫长而曲折,许多峡湾深入内陆。挪威人从远古时代起就有了航海传统,天生具备冒险的基因,宏大的船只、先进的航海技术和英勇事迹是当地人骄傲的资本。弗里德持乔夫·南森是挪威一位北极探险家、动物学家和政治家。他于1893年至1896年到北极探险,到达当时人类所能到达的最高纬度——北纬86度14分。南森所表现出来的自信、勇气和智慧与海达路德“前进号”一起被载入史册。南森俨然是挪威的一位民族英雄,在很多地方都可以见到他的雕像,当地还建有南森博物馆、南森剧场、南森研究中心等。
特罗姆瑟是挪威北部最大的港口城市,其地理位置靠近欧洲大陆最顶端,是全世界最北城市之一,被称为“北极之门”。这里也是北极圈内最大的居民聚集地,拥有世界最北端的大学、酿酒厂和教堂。尽管位于地球的最北面,温热的墨西哥暖流却赐予特罗姆瑟温暖的气候,人们在冬天和夏天有机会目睹“美丽的北极光”和“金色的午夜太阳”两大自然奇观。
北角是挪威马格尔岛北端的一个海岬,霍宁斯沃格是其首府。每年数千艘船只进入海港,带动了当地贸易的发展。北角是观赏北极光的最佳地点之一。不过,神奇的北极光捉摸不定,它主要是取决于太阳表面活动变化和当地云层的厚度。极光降临的那天晚上,我正在熟睡中,因此错过了观赏的机会,只能引用一百多年前南森对北极光的描写:“天穹下出现了一片抖动着银光闪闪的面纱,一会儿呈黄色,一会儿呈绿色,一会儿又变成红色,时而舒展,时而收缩,变幻无穷……”
北极之旅,我用相机记录了诸多自然风光和人文历史,如同一次心灵回归自然的旅程。镜头之下,寒冷已不再是生命最后的底色,生命,反而因为寒冷充满希望。
Norway is one of the globally recognized most fascinating countries of natural wonders, and most of its territory is located in the Arctic Circle.
The best way to feel the winter in the Arctic Circle is taking a cruise. One winter day, I traveled by Hurtigruten, heading north along Norways long coastline. This coastal route is also the most popular tourist route, where the most pristine natural spectacles like fresh air, beautiful fjords, frozen waterfalls, lofty snow mountains, and mysterious auroras could take you into a fairytale world.
Fridtjof Nansen was a Norwegian arctic explorer, zoologist and politician. From 1893 to 1896, he explored the Arctic regions, and reached the highest latitude(86 degrees 14 minutes north latitude) yet attained by man. Nansens confidence, courage and wisdom, together with Hurtigrutens “MS FRAM”, have gone down in history.
Tromso is the largest port city in northern Norway. Adjoining the top of Continental Europe, it is one of the northernmost cities worldwide. Though Tromso is located in the northernmost part of the earth, the warm Gulf Stream has given it a warm climate. In winter and summer, the people there have a chance to see two natural wonders, the “Gorgeous Aurora Borealis” and the “Golden Midnight Sun”.
Nordkapp (North Cape) is a cape at the northernmost point of Mageroya, Norway, and its capital is Honningsvag, with 2,800 residents. Every year, thousands of ships may enter the seaport, stimulating the development of local trade. Nordkapp is one of the best places to enjoy the aurora borealis (northern lights). However, the miraculous aurora is unpredictable, and mainly depends on the changes in solar surface activity and the thickness of local clouds.