昝亚娟
随着英语课程标准的修订和新高考的深入推进,英语高考加大了对学生关键能力和学科核心素养的考查。英语教学应高度重视对学生关键能力的培养和核心素养的落实。在听、说、读、写四种能力中,读写能力是高考考查的重中之重。本文旨在探索如何优化高中英语阅读教学,通过创造性地设计课堂活动,实现读写结合,提升素养。
一、教学分析
(一)教材分析
教学内容为人教版《英语》必修第一册 Unit 3 Period 2 Reading and ThinkingLiving Legends。课文介绍了中国著名排球教练郎平和美国篮球运动员“飞人”迈克尔·乔丹的励志人生故事。课文内容简短,语言精炼,生词和复杂结构较少,适合一节课讲完。
(二)学情分析
授课对象为安徽省阜阳市临泉县第二中学高一年级B层学生。学生求知欲旺盛、学习积极性高,但说英语的能力相对较弱。在教师的启发和鼓励下,学生发言踊跃,敢于大胆用英语表达思想。
(三)教学目标
1. 通过浏览图片和标题,能够大致推测文本内容和出处;
2. 通过阅读,了解文章大意,能回答出关于郎平和迈克尔·乔丹的问题;
3. 通过小组讨论,分析郎平和迈克尔·乔丹的高尚品质;
4. 通过分析文本,总结出描述人物时应包含哪些内容,并能够描述自己心目中的体坛传奇人物。
二、教学过程
Step 1 Warming up: Play a guessing game
1. Known as “Little Giant”, he was born in a basketball family in Shanghai. He was considered an international sports legend. He played for the Chinese Basketball Association in the Shanghai Sharks team as well as the National Basketball Association (NBA)in the Houston Rockets team. He is currently Chairman of the Chinese Basketball Association. Who is he?
2. She was born in the city of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, and started diving at the age of seven. In 2018, she joined the Guangdong Diving Team. She spent three years there before joining the national team at the end of 2020. She got the gold medal at the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. Who is she?
3. He was a former American basketball player who led the Chicago Bulls to six NBA championships and won the Most Valuable Player Award five times. Who is he?
4. Coming from Zhengzhou, Henan Province, she is well known as a table tennis player. She won six world championships and four Olympic championships between 1989 and 1997. She is regarded as one of the greatest players in the history of the sport. Who is she?
【设计意图】猜谜游戏具有很强的趣味性,能很好地调动学生的积极性,快速把学生的注意力引向本课的学习内容。讲谜语时,教师围绕单元话题为学生增加语言输入,启发学生思维,不仅开拓学生视野,而且使他们了解什么样的人才能被称为“Living Legends”,起到“一石两鸟”的作用。
Step 2 Look at the pictures and titles on the page. Make predictions.
1. What is the text about?
2. Where is the text taken from?
【设计意图】开始阅读之前,让学生浏览教材38页的全部内容,使他们对本课有一个整体的概念。先了解文章大意,然后推测材料出处,为深度理解课文打下良好的基础。利用阅读课对学生进行阅读技巧训练也是阅读教学的重要内容之一。引导学生根据标题、副标题和图片对内容进行预测,有助于学生掌握阅读技巧。
Step 3 Read the text quickly for the structure and main idea
【设计意图】快速浏览课文,完成表格。本课文本由三部分组成:第一部分为导语段,介绍“Living Legends”的评选标准,第二段和第三段分别讲述中国著名排球教练郎平和美国篮球运动员“飞人”迈克尔·乔丹的励志人生故事。这个任务旨在培养学生抓主旨大意的能力。
Step 4 Read carefully for detailed information
1. Lang Ping
(1)What was the China womens volleyball team preparing for in 2015?
(2)What challenges did the China women's volleyball team face?
(3)How did Lang Ping overcome these challenges?
(4)What made it possible for the China womens volleyball team to win the world championship?
(5)What do we know about Lang Ping as a coach from the text?
(6)What examples does the writer use to describe Lang Ping?
2. Michael Jordan
(1)What does “When Michael Jordans feet left the ground, time seemed to stand still” mean?
(2)How did Michael Jordan change basketball?
(3)What makes Michael Jordan unique?
(4)What did Michael Jordan do in the final seconds of a game?
(5)What is the secret to success according to Michael Jordan?
(6)What does “I cannot accept not trying” mean?
(7)What did Michael Jordan learn from losing games?
(8)How has Michael Jordan done to help poor kids in Chicago?
【设计意图】本环节旨在引导学生通过认真阅读文本,了解两位“活的传奇人物”的典型事迹和高尚品质。为了帮助学生理解课文,笔者设计了一些阅读理解题。在寻找答案的过程中,学生需要认真阅读文本,深度思考,甚至还要进行简单的逻辑推论。在此过程中,学生的思维品质得到培养,语言得到内化,对文章的理解进一步加深。
Step 5 Analyze the writing skills used in the text
1. As a player, Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country. As a coach, she led the China womens volleyball team to medals at world championships and the Olympics. As a person, Lang Ping is loved by fans at home and abroad.
2. When Michael Jordans feet left the ground, time seemed to stand still.
3. “I can accept failure; everyone fails at something. But I cant accept not trying.”
【设计意图】在阅读文本后,引导学生分析文中使用的写作技巧。课文中的三个重点句子分别使用了相似句式并列、拟人化、引用和双重否定。分析这些方法和技巧,能够帮助学生更好地理解文章。
Step 6 How to describe a “Living Legend of Sports”?
教师展示中国著名网球运动员李娜的图片,并提出以下问题,让学生回答。这些问题的答案揭示了为什么李娜是体坛传奇人物。
1. What is her name?
2. What sports did she play?
3. What achievements has she made?
4. What is her attitude towards failure?
5. What makes her special?
6. What is her inner strength?
7. What quotes can we use to describe her?
8. What influence does she have on others?
9. What example can we use to describe her?
10. Which words can we use to describe her?
【设计意图】启发学生思考并总结出描述“Living Legends of Sports”应包括的主要内容:姓名、职业、个人成就、特质、对失败的态度、典型事例、名言和影响等。本环节基于文本,又超越文本,引导学生总结英语记叙文的写作方法,为描述自己心目中的“Living Legends of Sports”做好铺垫,也为今后的英语学习打下良好的基础。
Step 7 Group discussion
1. Why are Lang Ping and Michael Jordan masters in their fields? What good examples did they set for us?
2. What qualities can we find from them?
3. What similarities do they have in common?
在讨论两人各自具备的品质之后,让学生讨论郎平和迈克尔·乔丹具备的共同特点,培养学生归纳总结的能力,强化对思维品质的培养。
【设计意图】引导学生思考:为什么郎平和迈克尔·乔丹被称为“Living Legends of Sports”?培养学生根据文本进行推理判断的能力。引导学生根据文本中陈述的事实,推断人物身上具备的优秀品质,达到培养学生思维品质的目的。同时,引导学生思考应该从两位名人身上学习什么,才能拥有成功的人生,落实对学生人生观和价值观的培养。
Step 8 Voice your opinion
Who do you think is a “Living Legend of Sports”?
学生从预测教材内容、回答关于文本的问题,到小组讨论,再到自由表达观点,教学活动的难度逐步加大,开放性越来越强。教学活动从语言的输入,文本信息的梳理,对文本内容的思考,到最后语言的输出,培养了学生思维品质,提升了学生的人文素养,发展了学生的语言能力,落实了学科核心素养。
【设计意图】在阅读文本、梳理文本信息、小组讨论的基础上,让学生思考自己心目中的“Living Legends of Sports”,并畅所欲言,表达自己的观点。为了回答这些问题,学生们需要思考谁符合“Living Legends of Sports”标准:他们身上具备哪些高尚品质?他们在体育方面做出了什么巨大贡献?他们对别人产生了什么影响?他们成功的秘诀是什么?这些是学生需要思考的问题,也是他们表达思想时需要涵盖的内容。
Step 9 Homework
Write about your own “Living Legend of Sports” within 100 words. You are supposed to use the writing skills we learn from the text, including:
1. Who is the “Living Legend of Sports”?
2. What achievements has he / she made?
3. How does he / she influence others?
【设计意图】通过短文写作,学生可以把课堂上最后一个环节的“说”变为“写”,从而巩固本节课的教学效果。要求学生把本课所学的写作方法和技巧(相似句式并列、拟人化、引用等)付诸实践,提高写作能力。
Step 10 Inspiring quotes
Each person must live their life as a model for others.
I think role models also start in the home with your parents.
When you see a role model, what you see is a person who has the courage to be who you wish you could be. Stop wishing and just be.
Role models are important. Role models set goals for you and try to make you as good as they are.
【设计意图】在最后一个环节,教师围绕本课的主题“role model”为学生提供励志名言,丰富课堂内涵,滋润学生心灵,启迪学生智慧,帮助他们形成正确的人生观和价值观,促进他们的身心健康发展,同时对本节课的主题进行升华。
三、教学反思
从学生的课堂表现来看,本节课的教学非常成功。学生在课堂上专心投入,积极参与课堂活动,主动回答老师的问题,愉快地与同学合作交流,能够从课文中找到问题的答案,充满自信地用自己的语言描述“Living Legends of Sports”,语言流畅,具有逻辑性,能够使用本课所学的语言表达自己的观点,教学目标基本达成。本节课教学反思如下:
(一)围绕主题设计教学活动
本课的主题是“role model”,本节课所有的教学活动都围绕主题展开:教师引导学生根据教材分析郎平和迈克尔·乔丹取得的巨大成就、具备的高尚品质和对世人产生的影响,找出他们成为“Living Legends of Sports”的原因,然后用本课所学的语言描述自己心目中的偶像。最后,学习关于偶像的名言,使学生认识到偶像的价值,下定决心奋力拼搏,追求成功,有朝一日成为别人的偶像。
(二)关注语篇的构建
本课课文是描述人的记叙文,讲述两位体育名人的励志人生故事。教学活动关注语篇的构建,教师引导学生从文本中提取描述“Living Legends of Sports”的几个要素,用来描述体坛励志人物李娜和自己心目中的“Living Legends of Sports”,使学生掌握了记叙文的写作要素和框架结构,为发展写作能力打好基础。
(三)“以生为本”设计教学
教学设计体现“以生为本”,教师引导学生预测课文内容、总结描写人物的写作方法,谈论自己心目中的“Living Legends of Sports”,启发学生积极思考,各抒己见,充分发挥学生的主体作用,有助于培养学生的思维品质和学习能力。
(四)在课堂上落实学科核心素养
本节课坚持英语学习活动观,教师设计各种各样的教学活动,使学生在活动中积极思考,勇于表达,总结方法,学会学习和合作,不仅提高学习能力,而且培养正确的人生观和价值观,把学科核心素养落在实处。
总之,教学改革的时代已经来临。我们只有认真学习新课标,积极投身教学改革,勇于探索教学改革的新途径,才能在教学中不断创新。在教学实践中,教师应坚持读写结合,以读促写,并重注方法引导,从而提高课堂教学的实效性,更好地满足学生未来发展的需要。
本文系北京市海淀区教育科学“十四五”规划一般课题《“双新”背景下高中生英语读写能力培养的策略研究》(课题编号:HDGH20210427)的阶段成果。