如何写好议论文

安徽 朱 君

❖典题感知

近日，你们班就“学校每天清晨开展冬季跑操活动”进行了一次讨论。请根据以下内容，给学校英文报写一篇短文，并谈谈你的看法。支持（多数）：增强体质，磨炼意志，放松自我……反对（少数）：天气寒冷，学业繁重……

注意：

1.词数80左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Recently our class had a heated discussion about the Winter Morning Jogging Activity in our school.______________________________________________________________

【佳作赏析1】

Recently our class had a heated discussion about the Winter Morning Jogging Activity in our school. There are different views on this topic.The majority of students①support the proposal for participating in this activity.They believe that the activ⁃ity can not only build up their body but also train their will②.In addition, it can reduce the pressure from study.However, the minority are against it③.They think the ac⁃tivity is lacking in excitement.What's worse④,they would rather stay indoors to study continuously because of the heavy homework and cold weather⑤.In my opinion, I am in favor of this activity because it benefits us greatly⑥.We need to be strong and brave in亮点评析①The majority 与下文的the minority 为对应性表达，精准到位。②not only...but also...的使用较好地诠释了这项活动的益处。③介词短语against it作表语的运用，简洁明了地表达了反对者的态度。④短语What's worse，起到了承上启下的作用。⑤用介词短语because of the heavy home⁃work and cold weather 解释would rather stay indoors的原因，准确到位。⑥because引导原因状语从句，表达自然。learning at the same time.________________________________________________________________

【佳句仿写1】

①在会上，每个人都有不同的观点。

②我们鼓励学生全面参与创建文明校园。

________________________________

③锻炼可以增强你的体力。

________________________________

④我完全支持同工同酬。

________________________________

【佳作赏析2】

Recently our class had a heated discussion about the Winter Morning Jogging Activity in our school. But different people have different points of view.Most of students agree to this activity①.They believe that the activity can help them keep fit and strengthen the will.Besides,through the activity they can ease their pressure.However, others don't agree to it.They think the activity is too boring②.Moreover,亮点评析①agree to 意为“同意”，使用恰当。②宾语从句使用得当。③prefer to为高阶表达。④For one thing...For another thing的表达，归纳总结到位。the weather in winter is too cold,and they prefer to stay in the class⁃room to finish their heavy homework③.As for me, I completely adopt the proposal.For one thing, it can benefit us greatly.For another thing④, it can help us to over⁃come any difficulties.

【佳句仿写2】

①她每天慢跑以保持健康。

________________________________

②这些活动的目的是增强你的体质。

________________________________

③音乐事实上能帮助我们舒缓现实中遇到的压力。

________________________________

④一方面，我坚信阅读能增长我们的知识。另一方面，当我们感到沮丧时，阅读帮助我们平静下来。

________________________________

❖写作指导

1.命题分析

本篇写作素材要求学生根据所提供的文字提示，就“学校每天清晨开展冬季跑操活动”写一篇观点对比型的议论文。通过审题，我们可以确定时态应为一般现在时，人称应使用第一、第三人称。此类文章一般分为三段：第一段提出问题（引论），第二段为不同观点的对比（本论），第三段说明自己的观点（结论）。

2.写作导图

❖经典模板

模板1：观点对比型

（1）要求论述两个对立的观点，并给出自己的看法

Recently,we have had a discussion about__________（主题）.There are two opposite opinions about it.Those who favour the idea think/Some students hold their view for the reason that/Some students agree to the point that___________（支持的理由一）.What is more,__________（理由二）.Moreover,__________（理由三）.

On the other hand, the majority of people believe that.../Those who are against the idea think that.../Others prefer to do...Firstly,__________（反对的理由一）.Secondly/Be⁃sides,__________（理由二）.Thirdly/Finally,__________（理由三）.

Personally,/From my point of view,/I think__________（我的观点）.The reason is that__________（原因）.As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me,the former/later is surely a wise choice.

（2）给出一个观点，要求学生反驳这一观点

Some people believe that__________（观点）.For example, they think__________（举例说明）.And it will bring them__________（为他们带来的好处/坏处）.

In my opinion, its disadvantages are far more than its advantages/I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,___________（反对的理由一）.For another thing,__________（反对的理由二）.

From all what I have said, I agree to the thought that__________（我对文章所讨论观点的看法）.

模板2：阐述主题型

The good saying__________（名言或谚语）reminds us that__________（释义）.In⁃deed,we can learn many things from it.

First of all,__________（理由一）.For example,__________（举例说明）.Secondly,__________（理由二）.Another case is that__________（举例说明）.Furthermore,__________（理由三）.

In my opinion,__________（我的观点）.In short, whatever you do, please remember the saying__________（名言或谚语）.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work,you'll necessarily benefit a lot from it.

❖提分靓句

1.正反观点类

People had a discussion about...

人们展开了一场关于……的讨论。

Different people have different opinions.

仁者见仁，智者见智。

Some people agree with/are in favour (favor) of/are for/approve of/support the opinion(decision,idea,view...).

有些人同意这种观点（决定、主意、看法……）。

However/On the contrary, others are opposed to it/are against it/disagree with it/hold the opposite opinion.

然而，其他人不同意这种观点（持相反的观点）。

As far as I am concerned/As for me,we should...

我个人认为，我们应该……

2.利弊影响类

In fact,there are both advantages and disadvantages.

事实上，利弊共存。

Generally speaking,its advantages are as follows.First...Besides...

一般来说，它有如下优点。第一……，除此之外，……

However, as the old saying goes, every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent/obvious.

然而，正如一句古老的谚语所说，任何事物都有其两面性。消极的因素也很明显。

One of the disadvantages is that...

缺点之一就是……

To make matters worse/What's worse/Even worse/Worse still...

更糟糕的是……

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects outweigh the negative ones.

通过以上的分析，我认为积极的方面大于消极的方面。

3.数据类

I have recently made a survey among...about/on...

最近，我在……中间做了一项关于……的调查。

The results are as follows.

结果如下。

As the chart above shows,...

如上表所示，……

We can see from the graph that...

通过这个图表，我们可以看到……

As is shown in the chart,the production is higher/lower/rising/falling...

正如图表所示，产量更高/更低/增加/减少了……

As is described in the chart...

正如图表描述的……

There are many reasons for this.

关于这，有很多原因。

In my opinion/From my point of view/As far as I am concerned, we should realize the importance of...

我认为，我们应该意识到……的重要性。

It would be greatly appreciated if our government and social organizations could of⁃fer...

如果我们的政府和社会组织可以提供……，我们将会非常感激。

❖小试身手

最近，你所在的地方正计划实施快速公交系统和桥梁建设，你班同学就此展开了激烈的讨论。请你根据同学们不同的观点，给你校英文报写一篇短文，并发表你自己的看法。

赞成观点1.能够解决交通问题，方便人们的生活；2.有助于当地旅游业的快速发展。反对观点1.会产生噪声，打扰居民平静的生活；2.会时常造成交通堵塞。

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.开头已给出，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：快速公交系统BRT 高架桥overpass

Recently the local government has decided to broaden some narrow roads to build BRT,which has caused a heated discussion in my class.__________________________________