扎里亚季耶公园 俄罗斯莫斯科市

业主单位：莫斯科市

设计单位：DS+R 建筑事务所

设计团队：Charles Renfro（合伙人），David Chacon（项目总监），Brian Tabolt（首席设计师），Ayat Fadaifard,Seongbeom Mo,Dino Kiratzidis,Gabriel Bollag,James Murray,Zoe Small,Trevor Lamphier,Mike Robitz,Lindsay Harkema,Jose Tijerina,Kelsey Olafson

景观设计与总体规划：Hargreaves 设计事务所（美国）

当地合伙人与城市设计：Citymakers（俄罗斯）

照明设计：奥雅纳公司

项目施工：Mosinzhproekt（俄罗斯）

项目面积：102 000 平方米

项目状态：2017 年竣工

项目摄影：Iwan Baan,Philippe Ruault,Matthew Monteith

Client:City of Moscow

Architect:Diller Scofidio+Renfro

Team:Charles Renfro (Partner),David Chacon (Project Director),Brian Tabolt (Lead Designer),Ayat Fadaifard,Seongbeom Mo,Dino Kiratzidis,Gabriel Bollag,James Murray,Zoe Small,Trevor Lamphier,Mike Robitz,Lindsay Harkema,Jose Tijerina,Kelsey Olafson

Landscape and Masterplan Designer:Hargreaves Associates (USA)

Local Partner,Urban Designer:Citymakers (Russia)

Lighting:ARUP (USA)

Contractor:Mosinzhproekt (Russia)

Area:102 000 m²

Status:Completed 2017

Photography:Iwan Baan,Philippe Ruault,Matthew Monteith

距圣巴西勒教堂、红场与克里姆林宫仅几步之遥，扎里亚季耶公园所处位置历史悠久，在这里可以饱览俄罗斯的所有历史和其不断发展的愿景。此处占地35英亩，无数次见证着历史的沧桑变迁。19世纪，这里曾是犹太人飞地。后来，一座斯大林主义摩天大楼在此处破土动工，尽管最终未曾建成。欧洲最大的酒店——罗西娅酒店——也一直屹立于此，直到2007年才被拆除。之后五年里，由于设计师诺曼·福斯特一直在负责筹划将其扩建为商业中心，这片占据莫斯科市中心四分之一面积的核心地段一直被围墙环绕。2012年，莫斯科市政府与莫斯科首席建筑师谢尔盖·库兹涅佐夫组织了一场设计竞赛，旨在将这片曾经私有化的商业区域改造成一处绿地公园。由DS+R建筑事务所牵头、与Hargreaves设计事务所、Citymakers公司联合组成的国际竞标团队最终从来自27个国家的90份设计方案中脱颖而出。

Centrally located steps from St.Basil’s Cathedral,Red Square and the Kremlin,Zaryadye Park sits on a historically charged site saturated by Russia’s collective past and evolving aspirations.As a historic palimpsest,the 35-acre site has been populated by a Jewish enclave in the 1800’s,the foundations of a cancelled Stalinist skyscraper,and the Hotel Rossiya— the largest hotel in Europe until its demolition in 2007.For five years,this central piece of Moscow real estate—encompassing a quarter of downtown Moscow— remained fenced as plans to extend its use as a commercial center by Norman Foster were underway.In 2012,the City of Moscow and Chief Architect Sergey Kuznetsov organized a design competition to transform this historically privatized,commercial territory into a public park.An international design consortium led by Diller Scofidio+Renfro (DS+R) with Hargreaves Associates and Citymakers was selected out of ninety submissions representing 27 different countries.

扎里亚季耶公园是莫斯科过去50年来建造的第一座大型公园，由于它既是公园、城市广场、社会空间，也兼具文化、娱乐功能，很难将其笼统归类。为了实现功能多样性，设计师将自然景观覆盖在建筑环境之上，在自然与人工、城市与乡村、室内与室外之间创造了一系列对立元素。自然景观和人工景观的交织创造了一种“狂野的都市主义”，引入一种新颖的设计来衬托莫斯科历史上庄重、对称的公园空间。古老的基塔格勒地区（Kitay Gorod）和红场的鹅卵石地特色与克里姆林宫里郁郁葱葱的花园结合在一起，创造出了一个既带有城市化特色又具有大自然风貌的新公园。一个定制的用石头铺就的系统将人造景观和自然景观结合在了一起，产生了一个没有界限的混合景观，让游客可以自由地在此漫步。莫斯科中心地区一直缺乏一个公共空间，扎里亚季耶公园填补了这项空白。

As the first large scale park to be built in Moscow in the last fifty years,Zaryadye provides a public space that resists easy categorization.It is at once park,urban plaza,social space,cultural amenity,and recreational armature.To achieve this simultaneity,natural landscapes are overlaid on top of constructed environments,creating a series of lemental face-offs between the natural and the artificial,urban and rural,interior and exterior.The intertwining of landscape and hardscape creates a ‘Wild Urbanism,” introducing a new offering to compliment Moscow’s historically formal,symmetrical park spaces.Characteristic elements of the historic district of Kitay-Gorod and the cobblestone paving of Red Square are combined with the lush gardens of the Kremlin to create a new park that is both urban and green.A custom stone paving system knits hardscape and landscape together— generating a blend rather than a border—encouraging visitors to meander freely.Zaryadye Park is the missing link that completes the collection of world-famous monuments and urban districts forming central Moscow.

在公园的每一个角落里，游客们都能看到在俄罗斯境内发现的四种不同的地区景观：苔原、草原、森林和湿地。这些区域是在从东北到西南倾斜向下的阶地上组织起来的，每一层都会和下一层叠加，创造总占地面积1.4万平方米的闭合空间，融入到景观之中：自然与建筑融为一体。游客可以在莫斯科河上方70米处的悬臂式建筑上俯瞰莫斯科河、新闻中心、自然中心、餐厅、市场、两个圆形剧场和一个爱乐音乐厅（于2018年春季竣工）。

Traversing between each corner of the park,visitors encounter terraces that recreate and celebrate four diverse,regional landscapes found in Russia:tundra,steppe,forest and wetland.These zones are organized in terraces that descend from northeast to southwest,with each layering over the next to create a total of 14,000 square meters of enclosed,programmed spaces integrated into the landscape:nature and architecture act as one.Visitors can enjoy a river overlook cantilevering 70 meters over Moscow River,media center,nature center,restaurant,market,two amphitheaters and a philharmonic concert hall (scheduled for completion in Spring 2018).

局部区域的覆盖系统还能够促进主动和被动的气候控制策略，确保游客可以在公园里享受到各种季节带来的气候变化。这些被动的气候控制策略包括改变公园内一个景观山丘地形和圆形剧场玻璃外壳，以利用暖空气的自然浮力，使风力降到最小，延长植物绿色期，温度随着游客登上斜坡会逐渐上升。在寒冷的月份里，空气依然温暖。而在夏天，电动玻璃面板可以打开，通过屋顶散热。这些自然区域可以用来聚会、休憩、观测，与表演空间和封闭的文化展馆相互呼应。除了这些规划的场地外，一系列的观景点可以让游客从不同角度重新发现城市景观之美。美妙的体验均为游客量身定制，也由游客自己做主。

The sectional overlay also facilitates augmented microclimates that seek to extend the typically short park season.These passive climate-control strategies included calibrating the typography of one of the park’s landscaped hills and the amphitheater’s glass crust to leverage the natural buoyancy of warm air.As a result,wind is minimized,plants stay greener longer,and the temperature rises gradually as visitors ascend the slope.Warmer air is retained during the colder months,while in the summer,motorized glass panels open to expel heat through the roof.These natural zones provide places of gathering,repose and observation,in concert with performance spaces and enclosed cultural pavilions.In addition to these programmed destinations,a series of vista points provide a frame for the cityscape to rediscover it anew.Each visitor’s experience is tailor made for them,by them.

剖面图 site section

气候分析图 climate diagram