Water metabolism from lung, spleen and kidney

Di Zhang, Bei Jing, Shi-quan Chang, Xing Li, Hui-mei Shi, Ya-chun Zheng, Yu Wang, Guo-ping Zhao*

1School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou China;2Songzi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hubei China.

Abstract Water and liquid are the material basis of human metabolism.Traditional Chinese medicine believes that water and liquid metabolism is a very complex process that requires the synergy of the internal organs, but mainly the physiological functions of the lungs, spleen and kidneys.If the function or structure of the spleen, lungs, kidneys,or triple-burner is abnormal, it is easy to cause abnormalities in the body's water metabolism, which in turn leads to the production of pathological products such as damp phlegm.

Keywords: lung; spleen; kidney; water metabolism

Introduction

The metabolism of water and liquid is an important part of life activities.TheInner Canon of the Yellow Emperoris the foundation work of traditional Chinese medicine, which discusses the life activities of human body in detail [1,2].Modern medical research shows that 65-70% of the body's weight is water.The water liquid of the human body and inorganic salt, organic matter constitute a whole, called body fluid.Body fluid is widely distributed inside and outside the cell,which is the part of material metabolism and the internal environment of cell survival.Therefore, it is the basic condition to maintain normal cell metabolism and physiological function to maintain the metabolic balance of water and liquid in human body.The concept of body fluid in Chinese medicine is very broad, including all the liquids involved in human life activities, semen, fluid, fluid, sweat, blood, tears, nose and saliva.Water metabolism refers to the process of water generation, distribution and excretion of residual water and metabolic waste after water is used by the human body.This process is very complex and requires the comprehensive participation and joint action of multiple organs of the human body.In this paper, the physiological and pathological processes of water fluid metabolism were described from the perspectives of lung, spleen and kidney, providing reference and suggestions for clinical treatment.

1 Normal water-liquid dispersion process

The normal water metabolism of human body mainly depends on the regulation of lung, spleen and stomach,kidney and Sanjiao function.Suwen[2] mentioned"When the water enters the gastrointestinal tract,the absorbed nutrients are transmitted to the spleen.The spleen is responsible for transporting these nutrients upward to the lung.The lung is responsible for transporting the excess water to the bladder.The bladder gasifies the water and distributes the body fluid to the whole body".The spleen and stomach are the basis of the acquired nature, and the stomach is the sea of food.The spleen is responsible for the transport of fluid and grain and the body fluid for the stomach.Under the influence of the Shengyang, the food consumed by the human body is digested by the decomposed stomach and transmitted to the spleen,large and small intestine.The spleen distributes the food to the lungs, joints of the limbs and muscle tissues to maintain the normal metabolism of water and liquid of the human body.Stomach qi is mainly dropping, which can conduct water and grain dregs down to the large intestine.Therefore, the spleen and stomach is called "the hub of water and liquid metabolism".The lung governs qi,performs respiration breathing,advocates dispersing and drops.It can regulate waterways and Transport to bladder.It is known as the "the upper source of fluids".The lung reproduces the essence of cereal essence from the spleen, in which the water of nutrients is transported to the whole body, internally to the viscera, externally to the fur, muscles, bones and meridians, so as to nourish the body.The metabolic waste produced by the body is transported downward through the function of lung dropping and is input into the bladder through the waterway Sanjiao.The kidney is the organ that hosts and regulates water-fluid metabolism.It emphasizes that the kidney is one of the driving forces of water distribution in the process of human body's water metabolism.Under the gasification of the kidney,the water gathered in the kidney is secreted into two parts: clear and turbid.The clear is attributed to the lung through the transpiration and gasification of Yang Qi in the kidney, which is dispersed around the body to maintain the normal amount of water in the body;The turbid ones continuously generate urine through the warming and promoting effect of Yang Qi in the kidney, and are transported down to the bladder and excluded from the body.Sanjiao is the channel of human body's water and liquid metabolism.It is an organ that manages water.Whether it is unobstructed or not will not only affect the running speed of water and liquid, but also affect the distribution and excretion function of relevant Zang Fu organs.

2 Water and fluid metabolism in normal human body

The way of water excretion in Chinese medicine is very familiar with modern medicine.Modern medicine believes that water excretion mainly includes skin excretion, respiratory excretion, excretion of urine and feces.The human body excretes about 2000-2500 ml of water every day.Of these, skin excretion is about 550 ml, respiration is about 300 ml, digestive tract is about 150 ml and urine is about 1000-1500 ml.From this point of view, urine dominates the process of water excretion.

The body's three metabolic pathways include respiration, sweat, urine and feces.It metabolizes about 500 ml of water per day.The normal respiratory function mainly depends on the respiratory function of the lung and the function of relying on the kidney to maintain respiratory depth.Lung breathing mainly depends on the dispersion and drop of lung qi, which is suitable for itself.The kidney has the effect of taking up lung inhalation and regulating breathing,can maintain the depth of breath, breath is not shallow,make breath function is normal, be helpful for the normal metabolism of moisture.Sweat metabolism is closely related to spleen and stomach and lung.The lung govern skin and hair, the spleen govern the muscles.Ling Shumentioned that "Qi Bo said," The food essence micro material publicity to the whole body, can warm skin, enrich the body, moist hair, just like the fog road irrigation of all kinds of creatures,this is called Qi.The upward promotion and downward reduction of lung qi can disperse the nutrients of water and food and body fluid outward, and can regulate the opening and closing of pores.Therefore, the normal lung function is closely related to sweat excretion.Urine production is closely related to the lungs, kidneys and bladder.The lung drops water and waste from the body down to the kidneys and bladder through Sanjiao.The clear part redistributes the whole body through the gasification of kidney qi, and the cloudy part is stored in the bladder and eliminated from the body.The food entering the human body is accommodated by the stomach and preliminarily digested.After the digestion of the spleen and stomach, the essence of water and grain is distributed throughout the body, and the rest is transported downward to the small intestine.After the absorption of the small intestine and, the remaining food residues are discharged from the body through the anus.The normal water metabolism of human body mainly depends on the normal function of lung, spleen,stomach and kidney "suwen-shanggutianzhenlun":"the kidney stores the essence of the essence, is the foundation of the function of the viscera and the organs,and at the same time, it needs nourishment "produced by the functional activities of the organs of the spleen and intestines." This is also consistent with the theory of modern medicine.

3 Abnormal water metabolism

The process of water and liquid metabolism needs the coordinated operation of various organs, and the normal operation of the body also needs the support of water and liquid metabolism.From the external sense of six evils or internal injury miscellaneous diseases,resulting in zang-fu function disorders, imbalance of Yin and Yang, can cause water metabolism disorders.Abnormal water metabolism can be divided into water deficiency, water distribution disorder and water excretion disorder.

3.1 Lack of water

Insufficient fluid mainly refers to the body fluid damage caused by external wind heat or heat, summer heat,dryness evil and other direct consumption of viscera and body fluid, emetic therapy,purgative therapy,or misuse of diaphoretic therapy, vomiting, defecation and other treatment methods, or insufficient fluid generation due to the imbalance of yin and Yang,resulting in the inability of human skin, organs, orifices and viscera to be filled, moistened and nourished by body fluid.There are dry pathological manifestations such as thirst, drinking more water and urinating more,urinating less, dry stool, dull skin and hair.Nineteen Items of Pathogenesis[3,4] mentioned that"all visual dizziness and limb convulsions caused by fever belong to fire; all pain, itching and sores belong to the heart; all syncope, obstruction or incontinence belong to the Xia jiao all those who are restless, crazy and act abnormally belong to fire...all those who vomit sour water or feel embarrassed due to sudden emergency discharge belong to the heat, which causes disease, damages body fluid and leads to insufficient body fluid in the body."Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chambersays that "after serious vomiting and defecation, a large amount of body fluid is lost,resulting in the dissipation of Qi", which is consistent with the internal classic thought.Due to serious vomiting, defecation or sweating, a large amount of body fluid is lost.Because the body fluid can carry Qi, the Qi leaks out with the body fluid, forming the performance of insufficient Qi or Qi falling off with the fluid.

3.2 Water-liquid dispersion barrier

The disorder of fluid dispersion is due to various reasons, which leads to the abnormal distribution of body fluid in the human body.It can be a kind of disease syndrome with the main pathogenesis that the accumulation of pathological products (phlegm and blood stasis) in the human body caused by insufficient Yang Qi, stagnation of cold, or other reasons can lead to poor Qi mechanism, so that the body fluid can not be transported normally.The pathological products such as water, dampness, phlegm and fluid retention are produced by storing water in the body.The clinical manifestations are also different due to different accumulation sites.When Water qi stop at the machine surface, edema and other manifestations may occurNineteen Items of Pathogenesis[3,4]mentioned "all qi rushing and oppression is asribed to the lung" "all dampness syndromes with swelling and fullness are ascribed to the spleen" "all cold with ccontraction is ascibed to the kidnry".Due to different reasons, the lung has no right to suppress depression,the qi movement is abnormal, and the function of the lung regulating channel is insufficient, resulting in abnormal water and fluid metabolism.Water dampness and phlegm drink stop gathering in the body, resulting in clinical symptoms of shortness of breath and chest tightness.Clinically, most of the drugs are used to smooth qi movement to restore the function of upward promotion and downward reduction is harmonious,and the water and fluid are on their own.The spleen dominates the transportation, which is mainly reflected in the transportation of water and food and water dampness.if the spleen is mainly transported and disinfected, the function of the water is insufficient,the water and fluid regulation is abnormal, and the water can not be transported and discharged normally.Stasis will remain in the body, and the accumulation of pathological products of water wet phlegm will also occur.The Yang Qi of the kidney can promote the movement, excitement and gasification of the body.The metabolism of water depends on the steaming,opening and closing of kidney yang.If the kidney qi is lost in transpiration and the opening and closing are unfavorable, the clear can not be transferred to the spleen, the turbid can not be transferred to the bladder, the body fluid and the metabolism is abnormal,and edema often occurs.Due to the feeling of the evil of cold and dampness, the Yang Qi cannot be unobstructed or the Yang Qi is lost too much, which will lead to the abnormal distribution of body fluid and the accumulation of water, dampness and phlegm.

3.3 Water drainage disorder

Water excretion disorder refers to the abnormal excretion of water metabolites such as sweat and defecation caused by various reasons.Pathological products caused by various causes (water retention,congestion, stones) hinder the water and liquid metabolism channel, poor qi movement, abnormal gasification caused by insufficient Yang Qi, etc.We know that "those who are sick by the main blood...Large ascites edema".The spleen and stomach are the hinge of Qi regulation, and the liver and lung are an important part of Qi regulation.Any reason that leads to poor Qi regulation will lead to abnormal water and liquid excretion.Stagnation of cold evil can also easily lead to poor Qi and insufficient Yang Qi, which will lead to poor or weak excretion of water and liquid,resulting in accumulation of water and liquid in the body [5].Just as in winter, people have less urine than in summer, which is why.

4 Inspiration of water and liquid metabolism on health preservation

The theory of "Preventive Treatment of Disease" is mentioned in the emperor's Canon of internal medicine.The key to health preservation inInner Canon of the Yellow Emperoris summarized as follows: one core(maintaining life, strengthening body and delaying aging); two guiding ideology (internal summation and overall concept); three links (avoiding injury, increasing healthy qi and preventing disease); four measures(natural health preservation, diet health preservation,emotional health preservation and cultivation health preservation).World Health Organization research shows that 80% of diseases are related to water.Nitrite in polluted water increases the risk of cancer.Heavy metals will lead to blood system diseases and liver diseases.For example, cadmium will lead to bone diseases, aluminum will lead to Alzheimer's disease,and Mercury will lead to Minamata disease.Hard water can cause stones, and water containing pesticides can reduce fertility.Therefore, to maintain good health, we must first drink healthy water.Second, drink water if you are not thirsty.Thirst has shown that the body is already in a state of water shortage.If you supplement a lot of water at this time, it is not conducive to human health.A large amount of water dilutes gastric juice and reduces the bactericidal capacity of gastric juice.After a large amount of water enters the body fluid circulation, it will increase blood volume and cause additional burden on the heart.Finally, don't drink too much.Just drink 2.5 L of water every day.Excessive water will lead to water poisoning, which is manifested as headache, nausea, vomiting, memory loss, and even coma.

5 Conclusion

As Jing-yue Zhang said, "water belongs to Zhiyin, and kidney is the basis of water and fluid metabolism".Water comes from the change of Qi, which is related to the change of lung; Water is restricted by soil, so it is restricted by spleen ".The metabolism of water and fluid in human body is a very complex process, which needs five zang-organs and six fu-organs synergy, but it mainly focuses on the functional activities of lung,spleen and kidney.Water and fluid metabolism plays an important role in maintaining the basic functions of the body and the homeostasis of the internal environment.Traditional Chinese medicine mainly attributes this complex physiological process to the coordination of viscera such as lung, spleen and kidney.If the function of any viscera in the spleen, lung and kidney is abnormal, it will cause the disorder of water transport and excretion, and make the water wet stay in the body,resulting in the generation of pathological products.Understanding the normal water metabolism process and the causes of abnormal water metabolism can enlighten our clinical and personal health preservation and make us live a healthy and happy life.