郭晓娟 何延海
Picturesque Guilin
初识桂林,是儿时通过挂在家中的一幅墙画。这幅乡间的印刷品虽在烟火气的“熏陶”下失去昔日光泽,但画中的山水却依然美不胜收,那各不相连的山拔地而起,山脚下的水如翡翠般无瑕……我想,这样的山与水只应画中才有吧。今天,在我去过桂林之后,竟不知用什么言语去描述这旖旎的风光,只能借用现代作家陈淼先生呈现在小学语文课本中的语句来表达内心的赞美:这样的山围绕着这样的水,这样的水倒映着这样的山,再加上空中云雾迷蒙,山间绿树红花,江上竹筏小舟,让你感到像是走进了连绵不断的画卷,真是“舟行碧波上,人在画中游”。
课本里的“象鼻山”,是无数人童年的回忆。来到桂林,象鼻山是必须去的打卡地之一。象鼻山原名漓山,位于桂林市东南漓江右岸,因酷似一只大象站在江边伸鼻吸水而得名,被人们称为桂林山水的象征。由山的西侧拾级而上,可以到达水月洞。水月洞是在距今约1.2万年前,由于地壳抬升、漓江缩小,“象鼻”与“象腿”之间形成的一个东西通透的网洞。圆洞形似半月,洞映入水,恰如满月,到了夜间明月初升,水月洞如同一轮临水皓月,构成“象山水月”的奇景,让人不得不感叹大自然的鬼斧神工。象鼻山这一壮观美景一直以来被人们津津乐道,宋代有位叫蓟北处士的游客,写下这样的绝句:“水底有明月,水上明月浮。水流月不去,月去水还流。”从水月洞继续向上可以直通山顶,这时,城在景中、景在城中,城景相融的画卷便一览无余。
象鼻山属于喀斯特地貌,其实,桂林山水是中国南方喀斯特地貌的典型代表。不同于其他喀斯特地貌地表干旱缺水的特点,桂林的喀斯特地貌景观呈现出一派山水交融之景。究其缘由,是由于这里的碳酸盐岩并没有铺满大地,而是被一系列非可溶性岩石组成的山所环绕,雪峰山、南岭、大瑶山从不同方向绵延至此,形成了“一盆山水”的盆周山地。事实上,这“一盆山水”并不完全封闭,而是有一条走廊贯穿其间,这条走廊的重要组成部分便是漓江。
漓江被誉为桂林的灵魂,漓江山水是桂林风光的精华。漓江发源于兴安县猫儿山,长160公里,自北向南流经整个桂林盆地,最终汇入珠江,是桂林连接云贵高原及沿海地区的天然水道。
观賞漓江,最好的方式莫过于江中一“游”。泛游漓江既可以乘游船荡漾山水间,也可坐竹筏漂流而下。我选择乘坐游船观赏桂林到阳朔这一段“黄金水道”,随着船只起锚,游船徜徉在苍翠的奇峰中,我的画中之旅也开始了。奇峰倒影、碧水青山、牧童悠歌、渔翁闲钓,百里漓江的每一处景致,都如同一幅精美的中国水墨画。不知转了几个弯,掠过了几座山,正当我感慨“鲤鱼挂壁”“八仙过江”“九马画山”等景观的神奇时,甲板上忽然人头攒动。随着江面的豁然开阔,新版人民币20元的背面风景一一著名的“黄布倒影”呈现在眼前。漓江山色之美,美在倒影中;漓江倒影之美,就数黄布滩倒影最为醉人。这里江流清澈,碧绿透底,从水面上可以看到江底有块米黄色的大石板,长、宽各数丈,恰似一匹黄布平铺在河床之上,黄布滩由此得名。这里是沿江摄影的最佳处,游客们此时纷纷举起相机和手机记录下这一“分明看见青山顶,船在青山顶上行”的美景。
顺江而下,四个小时后即可从桂林到达目的地阳朔。在处处皆胜景的桂林,却有着“阳朔风景甲桂林”一说。阳朔县位于桂林市区南面,境内一段近10里长的风景带,因沿路景色秀丽、如诗如画,被称为“十里画廊”。1987年,美国前总统卡特来阳朔游览,得知这里有许多景色特别有趣,坐汽车会一晃而过,于是临时改变游览计划,借了白行车漫游此地。当地政府于2000年专门修建一条近10里的风景道,集观景台、休息亭等于一体,供游人自由观赏沿途风景。游客可在蝴蝶泉观赏园内与蝴蝶同嬉同乐,也可在千年大榕树下重温刘三姐动听的情歌……十里画廊的美景在边走边玩中尽收眼中。
月亮初升,正是饥肠辘辘时,随便走进一家小餐馆,点一碗桂林米粉,再来一盘啤酒鱼,尝一次田螺酿,美食如同美景,一样让人回味无穷,倦意尽消。这时,忽然觉得桂林的山水已然超越了自然景观,正是心中那个理想的人间。
魏伟
Picturesque Guilin
Today, after visiting Guilin, did not know how to describeits beautiful scenery, and had toexpress my inner praise by quotingmodern writer Mr. Chen Miao assaying in the primary Chinesetextbook: Such mountains embracesuch water, and such water mirrorssuch mountains, with the additionof a misty and mystic atmosphere inthe air, luxuriant trees and jubilantflowers interspersed amongst themountains, with bamboo rafts andwooden boats drifting at ease. Allthese make you feel like being ina never-ending scroll painting, asthe old saying goes, "Once my raftwrinkles a ripple, bid me stroll in ascroll. "
The Elephant Trunk Hill,formerly named Li Hill, is locatedon the right bank of the Li River,Southeast Guilin. It looks like anelephant sucking up water from theriver with its long trunk, so it gotthe name "Elephant Trunk". The hillis known as the symbol of Guilinlandscape. Climbing the steps fromthe west side of the hill, you canarrive at the Water Moon Cave. Thecave is an east-west circular cavebetween the "Elephant's Trunk"and "Legs", which was formedabout 12,000 years ago due to theuplift of the Earth's crust and thenarrowing of the Li River. The caveis half-moon shaped. Besides, thecave and its reflection together forma full moon on the river. At nightwhen the moon rises, the cave lookslike a bright moon facing water,constituting the wonder of "Moon inWater on the Elephant Trunk Hill".
The Li River is reputed as thesoul of Guilin, and the landscape ofthe Li River is the essence of Guilinlandscape. Originated in the Mao'erMountain, Xing'an County, the LiRiver, with a length of 160km, flowsfrom north to south through theentire Guilin Basin, and finally flowsinto the Pearl River. It is a naturalwatercourse of Guilin connectingthe Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau andcoastal areas.
Yangshuo County is located inthe south of Guilin City. The 8 kmzarea from Bagua Villa to Fengyuyanis known as "Shili Scenery Gallery"due to the fine, poetic andpicturesque views along the road.In 2000, the local government builta nearly 5km-long scenery road,which integrates viewing platformsand pavilions for visitors to enjoyscenery along the road.