反身一代词 强调靠“自己”

殷齐亮

同学们，代词可是个“大家族”，其中有一个 “家庭成员”很特殊，那就是反身代词。它是用来“强调”的代词，通过反身代词指代主语，使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。因此，反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指關系，在人称、性质、数上保持一致。表示反身或强调的代词叫作反身代词。反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词宾格形式，词尾加-self或-selves组成。反身代词可译为“本人”“本身”，为加强语气，也常译为“亲自”“自己”。 因此，反身代词是 oneself根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化。

一、反身代词的构成

[人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself / herself / itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves ]

反身代词有单复数和人称构成形式的不同，第一、二人称是由“物主代词+self / selves”构成，第三人称是由“宾格代词+self / selves”构成。单数词尾是-self，复数词尾是-selves。

口诀：反身代词构成并不难，单数词尾

-self记心间。第三人称宾格加在前，其余物主开头用在先。复数形式如何变，要用ves把f来换。

二、反身代词的用法

反身代词在句中可以独立充当句子成分。反身代词有两种基本用法，其用法如下：

（一）强调用法（充当同位语）

1. 反身代词可以作主语的同位语。

Tom himself was a doctor. 汤姆自己就是个大夫。

We can do this thing ourselves. 我们自己可以做这件事情。

The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。

He himself doesnt like going to Beijing. 他本人不喜欢去北京。

要注意的是反身代词本身不能单独作主语。

不能说：Myself drove the car.

应该说：I myself drove the car. 我自己开车。

但在and， or， nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是myself 作主语。

Charles and myself saw it. 查尔斯和我都看到了。

2. 反身代词可以作宾语的同位语。

She went to see the artist himself. 她去见这位艺术家本人。

Youd better ask your son himself. 你最好问问你儿子自己。

（二）反射用法

1.  反身代词可以作宾语。

Take good care of yourself. 照顾好你自己。

She teaches herself English. 她自学英语。

We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。

Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼。

有些动词后不跟反身代词，如：get up， sit down， stand up， wake up等。

2. 反身代词可以作表语。

He isnt quite himself today. 他今天身体不舒服。

反身代词还有一些常见固定搭配的用法，这些用法也非常重要。

by oneself （=alone） 独立，靠自己;enjoy oneself （=have a good time） 玩得开心;teach oneself自学;help oneself to... 随便吃（喝）……

【牛刀小试】

一、单项选择。

1. Be careful with that knife， or youll cut _  _.  A. himself    B. ourselves

C. yourself      D. themselves

2. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight COVID-19. They think more of others than ___.

A. they    B. them

C. themselves    D. theirs

3. Yesterday I saw ___ enjoy ___ in the park.

A. her; hers      B. they; them

C. she; herself    D. them; themselves

4. Joan and Dicky are too busy to help us. Lets do it ___.

A. herself    B. himself

C. themselves    D. ourselves

5. Peter doesnt feel sure of ___ in his new school.

A. he B. him C. his D. himself

二、用适当的代词填空。

1. My classmate， Li Ming， made a card for _   _ （he） just now.

2. Bad luck！ I cut ___ （I） with a knife

yesterday.

3. They tell us they can look after ___ （they） very well.

4. My cat can find food by ___ （it）.

5. We got out of the river and dried ___ （we）.

6. Why is she talking to ___ （she）？

7. The house ___ （it） is nice， but the gardens very small.

8. I often like to spend time by ___ （I）.

9. —Can I help you？

—No， thanks， I can do it by ___ （I）.

10. He saw ___ （he） in the mirror.

三、根据句意完成句子。

1. I am sure I can do it all by ___.

2. Look， is this room beautiful？ I painted it

___.

3. We think to ___.

4. Mary is old enough to take care of ___.

5. It is perfume， and I made it ___.

6. Can you carry this box upstairs by ___？

7. Did you enjoy ___ at the party yes- terday？

8. Mr. More has more money than Mr. Little， but he doesnt enjoy ___.

9. Lily was 9 years old. She was old enough to go to school ___.

10. You should be proud of ___.

四、根據汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词。

1. 他在体育课上受伤了。

He ___ ___ in P.E. class.

2. 她年纪太小，无法照顾自己。

She is too young to look after ___.

3. 她本人就是一位医生。

She ___ ___ a doctor.

4. 你最好问问老师他本人。

Youd better ask the teacher ___ ___ it.

5. 那个可怜的男孩就是我自己。

That poor boy ___ ___.