丹景阁，四川，中国

建筑设计：曾雪松/成都市建筑设计研究院

1 建设背景

两千年来，成都城址未易、城名未变，在龙门山和龙泉山之间呈同心圆状扩张。东进战略的实施，让成都由“两山夹一城”的逼仄变为“一山连两翼”的开阔，龙泉山则升级为世界级公园城市绿心。丹景阁位于龙泉山城市森林公园南段示范区内，坐落于海拔737m 的丹景山顶，是龙泉山城市森林公园的第一个先导性、示范性、引领性项目。作为项目制高点，能同时远眺东部新区和三岔湖，是当前成都“东进战略”和“公园城市”建设的先行者和见证者。

2 文脉传承

龙泉山脉是成都迎接第一缕阳光的方位，这与金沙文化太阳崇拜一脉相承。“蜀中何物灵，有竹慈为名”设计融入天府文化中的竹文化元素，竹的神韵、竹的精神、竹的价值，都在丹景阁得到了淋漓尽致的体现。

3 设计演绎

通过对中国传统楼阁塔和密檐塔的形式与功能进行比较分析，将中国传统楼阁式塔和密檐式塔元素进行提炼融合，设计采用楼阁塔的观光休闲功能，融合密檐塔的挑檐典型特征，将楼层单元演绎为竹节状斜撑，体现节节攀升的张力感与韵律美，以现代手法演绎中国传统楼阁经典形象。

建筑主体高39m，共5 层，顶层设置夹层，通过参数化控制，实现层层自然收分，形成优美收分形态，顶层收分比例接近黄金比例0.618。

结构逻辑借鉴四川非物质文化遗产——油纸伞，外廊与挑檐采用伞状的竹木斜撑，通过中部钢结构核心筒受力，形成层层外张的结构韵律美。

建筑内部共5 层。核心筒设置垂直交通和辅助功能用房。首层为接待与展示，采用通透明亮的玻璃幕墙围合成环形门厅兼展廊。二至五层，环绕核心筒依次设置观景外廊，根据立面收分，宽度逐层递减。通过音像结合方式分别植入观山、观竹、观林、观日出等观光主题。

4 就地取材

竹木，即高性能竹基纤维复合材料，是一种将天然竹材重新组织并强化成型的竹质新材料，是“以竹代木、以竹代钢”的最佳产品。“十一五”规划期间被列入“863 计划”，使竹木的应用领域大大扩展，取得了良好的经济和社会效益。和传统材料相比，具有绿色环保、强度高、易加工、阻燃性强多重优势。本项目所用竹木及原材料均来自成都周边的洪雅县贫困地区，对增加当地竹农的收入、精准扶贫、促进农民就业和发展竹产区经济具有十分重要的示范意义。

为应对山顶多变的气候考验，屋面系统采用蜂窝铝板水平层叠铺设，形成轻盈通透屋盖。蜂窝铝板具有重量轻、平整度高、耐候性和自洁性好等优点。表面采用金紫双色幻彩辊涂，随着观赏角度及光线变化而变幻，呈现“紫气东来”之理念。

5 建造策略

项目选址海拔高，施工作业、运输均较为困难，设计与建造均采用装配式策略，通过BIM+技术进行优化设计、降低成本、缩短工期。主体钢结构由工厂定制构件现场安装，解决商业混凝土无法运输的难题，外廊主要构件竹木斜撑，在洪雅县就地取材加工后现场组装，与传统建造方式相比，拥有建造速度快、节省人工并可提高建筑质量等优点。

6 小结

丹景阁作为成都龙泉山城市森林公园首批示范项目，充分体现当前成都“公园城市”“东进战略”的深刻背景与内涵。项目的设计与建造，时间紧任务重，得到了社会各界诸多专家学者的宝贵建议与支持。九天开出一成都，万户千门入画图，从此，海拔700m 的城市之巅又多了一道美丽的剪影。□

1 总平面图/Site plan

2 鸟瞰/Aerial view

3 外景/Exterior view

项目信息/Credits and Data

地点/Location:成都市龙泉山森林公园/Longquan City Forest Park in Chengdu

客户/Client:成都市龙泉山森林公园投资经营有限公司/Chengdu Longquan City Forest Park Investment Management Co.,Ltd.

主持建筑师/Principal Architects:曾雪松/ZENG Xuesong

设计团队/Design Team:成都市建筑设计研究院/Chengdu Architectural Design and Research Institute

项目负责人/Principal-In-Charge:宋伟，何昕/SONG Wei,HE Xin

项目成员/Project Members:王明哲，张玉魁，马一涛，黄顺，许涛，杨伊/WANG Mingzhe,ZHANG Yukui,MA Yitao,HUANG Shun,XU Tao,YANG Yi

结构设计/Structural Design:成都市建筑设计研究院/Chengdu Architectural Design and Research Institute

结构工程师/Structural Engineers:徐军，陈彬，尹福绵，刘竞/XU Jun,CHEN Bin,YIN Fumian,LIU Jing

施工图设计/Architects of Record:谷耀国，曾庆鹏，樵亮亮，刘尧，黄娅男，吴晓冬，徐正权等（成都市建筑设计研究院）/GU Yaoguo,ZENG Qingpeng,QIAO Liangliang,LIU Yao,HUANG Yanan,WU Xiaodong,XU Zhengquan,et al.(Chengdu Architectural Design and Research Institute)

总承建/General Contractor:成都建工路桥建设有限公司/Chengdu Construction Engineering Group

结构体系/Structural System:钢结构/Steel材料/Material:竹木，幻彩复合蜂窝铝板，玻璃幕墙/Bamboo,honeycomb aluminium plates,Curtain glass

场地面积/Site Area:5990.74 m2

基底面积/Built Area:262.44 m2

总建筑面积/Total Floor Area:1203.24 m2

建筑使用面积/Net Floor Area:980 m2

造价/Cost:23,000,000 CNY

施工时间/Construction Period:2019.05-2020.01

摄影/Photos:规一摄影/Guiyi Photography

4 内景/Interior view

5.6 细部/Details

1 Background

For 2000 years,the location of Chengdu has remained unchanged,the name of the city also unchanged.It expands between the Longmen Mountain and the Longquan Mountain like a concentric circle.During the implementation of the"Eastward Strategy",Chengdu was transformed from a narrow site of "two mountains holding a city" into an open region with "one mountain and two wings".Longquan Mountain is upgraded into the green heart of the world-class park city.Danjing Pavilion is located in the southern section of Longquan Mountain Park demonstration area,at the top of the Danjing Mountain 737 metres above sea level.The Pavilion is the first demonstrative,leading and pilot project in the Longquan Mountain Park.As the highest point of the project,the Pavilion simultaneously enjoys the view of the new east district and Three Forks Lake,and is the pioneer and witness of the Eastward Strategy and Park City building in Chengdu.

2 Cultural Inheritance

The Longquan Mountains salute to the first rays of sunlight in Chengdu,coinciding with the sun worship in the Jinsha culture."What is the mysterious spirit of Sichuan? Bamboo is known for its kindness." The design incorporates bamboo culture elements from the Tianfu culture.The spirit,charm and value of bamboo at Danjing Pavilion was vividly reflected.

3 Design Interpretation

By comparing and analysing the form and function of traditional Chinese pavilion towers and multi-eave pagodas,we refined and combined theirelements in the design,adopting the sightseeingand leisure features of the pavilion towers,and the overhang eaves featuretypical of the multi-eave pagodas.Each floor unit is interpreted as bamboo-like diagonal bracings,reflecting the ever-rising tension and sense of rhythm,a modern interpretation of the classic Chinese pavilions.

The main building is 39-metre-high with 5 floors in total.The top floor has a mezzanine level,through parametric control,each level is naturally shaped,making up a beautiful collection of forms.The top-level shaping ratio is close to the Golden Ratio of 0.618.The Sichuan paper umbrella,an intangible cultural heritage,was used as a structural logic reference.The external gallery and the eaves are braced with umbrella-shaped bamboo and wood elements,which are supported by the central steel structural core,creating a rhythmic structure with layers.The building has five floors.The core tube contains the vertical transport and accessible function rooms.The groundfloor is used for reception and exhibition,with transparent glass curtain walls surrounding the ring shaped foyer and gallery.On the first to fourth floor,viewing galleries are arranged around the core tube,with floor width decreasing from one level to the next,based on the elevation changes.Through a combination of sound and video,tourism topics such as scenic views of mountains,bamboo,forest,and sunrise are integrated.

4 The Use of Local Materials

Bamboo wood,refers to the high performance bamboo based fibre composite material.It is a strengthened and pre-shaped new material made from natural bamboo,and is the best product for the "substitute steel and timber with bamboo"initiative.During the 11th Five-Year Plan,it was listed in the "863 Plan",which greatly expanded the application of bamboo and wood,and achieved good economic and social benefits.Compared with traditional materials,it has multiple advantages ofbeing green,strong,easy to process,and flame retardant.Bamboo wood and raw materials used in the project are from the surrounding povertystricken areas of Hongya County near Chengdu.This has a very important significance in increasing the income of local bamboo farmers,alleviating poverty with accuracy,promoting rural employment and developing the economy of bamboo producing areas.

In response to the ever-changing climate on the hilltop,the roof system is made up of aluminium honeycomb panels laid in horizontal layers,to create a light and transparent roof.Aluminium honeycomb panels have the advantages of light weight,high smoothness,good weather resistanceand selfcleaning.The surface is roller coated in gold and purple,which changes as the viewing angle and the light changes,presenting the idea of "a propitious omen".

5 Building Strategy

Because the project site is high above sea level,the construction and transportation are very difficult.The design and construction adopted prefabricated strategies.Through BIM+technology,it can optimise the design,reduce costs,and shorten construction duration.The main steel structure was prefabricated in the factory and installed on site,solvingthe problem thatcommercial concrete cannot be transported.The main components of exterior corridors are made of bamboo wood,which are sourced and processed locally in the Hongya County and assembled on site.Compared with traditional construction methods,this has the advantages of fast construction,laboursaving and improved construction quality.

6 Conclusion

Danjing Pavilion is one of the first pilot projects of Chengdu Longquan Mountain City Forest Parks,fully reflecting the background and the deep meaning of the current "Park City" image and "Eastward Strategy" of Chengdu.The design and construction of the project was faced withtight schedule and heavy tasks,and received very valuable advices and support from many experts and scholars in the community."The nine heavens have opened up a city of Chengdu,and ten thousand homes and doors have entered the picture." Since then,a beautiful silhouette has become part ofthe city peak as high as 700 metres.□

7 门厅/Entrance hall