高洁
完形填空是中、高考常见的一种题型,这种题型被有些专家称为“障碍性阅读”,也是中學生做起来最为棘手的题型之一。
(四)词汇辨析类
解题技巧
完形填空还会考查词汇的辨析。这类题往往A、B、C、D四个选项从词义到语法填到空格处都是正确的,学生只有通过理解上下文的语境和辨析四个选项词汇的意义,才能选出正确的答案。
例题讲解
例:The 1 moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the 2 of that little wallet? The credit cards, the driver's license, the cash, all lost to the bus.
Two hours later, back at my house, I heard a knock on the door. My husband 3it while I was on the phone in the dining room.“Does Jennifer live here?"I heard a lady say.
1.A.face-saving B. brain-washing C.eye-catching D.heart-stopping
2.A. parts B. contents C. details D.ingredients
3.A. ignored B. answered C.examined D.interrupted
解析:1.D考查形容词辨析。A.face-saving保全面子的;B.brain-washing洗脑的;C.eye-catching吸引眼球的;D.令人心悸的,紧张的。发现钱包丢了,是一个怎样的时刻呢?根据下文followed by mental math可知,作者在心里盘算了想要补钱包里丢失的东西需要花费多少代价,故发现钱包丢了应该是heart-stopping,所以选D。
2.B考查名词辨析。根据下文The credit cards,the driver's license,the cash,al lost to the bus可知,此处指替换钱包里的所含之物。B项意为“内容,所含之物”,符合语境。故选B。
3.B考查动词辨析。根据上文Iheard a knock on the door可知,此处指作者的丈夫去应门。B项意为“回答,应答”,符合语境。故选B。
例:Itold him about the many activities in which I was involved. And I wentinto aabout how hard I worked and the games I was making. I must havetalked for ten minutes.
A. lecture B.speech C.discussion D. debate
解析:此题为名词辨析:lecture讲座;speech演讲;discussion讨论;debate辩论。由上下文可知,这边发言的只涉及作者一人,所以答案锁定在A与B之间,下文又告诉我们作者讲了10分钟,所以可以得出结论这是个演讲,故选B。
例:But Mr Nicoletti insists that they can block certain wavelengths of light by electronic screens and wearing such glasses makes it easier to sleep.
A. produced B.reduced C. created D. discovered
解析:此题为动词辨析。由常识电子产品的屏幕产生或发出伤害我们眼睛的光,我们可以排除B、D这两个选项,接下来我们要辨析A和C,produced表示“产生”而created表示“创造”,所以此题选A。
思路总结
词汇辨析类题型,解题的关键是要能理解单词的含义,并根据上下文辨析。
(五)语句之间关系类
解题技巧
近些年,完形填空题基本没有单纯考查考生语法知识的题,但根据句与句的关系(并列、因果、转折、递进等)判断上下文的选项,或直接考查体现句与句之间关系的连词或副词应用的题不少。在解题时,同学们可以由上下文的语义关系来考虑解答。
例题讲解
例:
he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon's face wasblack from the extreme cold.
A. Though B.Since C.When D.If
解析:A.Though虽然;B.Since因为,自从;C.When当;D.If如果。当他把药物交给下一个人时,他的脸已经被冻得乌青,故选C。
例:Options are growing if people want to buy glasses blocking blue light,experts say that few of the products'effectiveness have been proved.
A.so B. but C. and D. because
解析:人们如果想买的话,选择很多,但是专家说这些产品的有效性很少被验证过。通过理解这两句之间的关系,我们可以得出这两句之间是转折关系,由此得出结论,此题选B。
例:The man who had his bright lights on came over and told Larry he hadmade an emergency call. Theyheard a woman's voice coming from thewrecked vehicle.
A.then B.again C.finally D.even
解析:then然后;again再一次;finally最终;even甚至。火扑灭了,紧急电话也打了,然后他们又听到了车里有女人的声音。故选A。
思路总结
同学们在解题时,一定要理解上下文,弄清楚上下句之间的关系,然后选出恰当的副词或连词。
(六)文化背景和生活常识类
解题技巧
完形填空题的命题形式均为独立的语篇形式,并交织和渗透着各类相关的常识与文化背景知识。这类题主要是考查英美国家的文化背景知识和生活常识,但是一旦将这些知识放到具体的场合中进行考查时,有些考生可能就不会灵活运用所学知识了。
例题讲解
例:Onthe 20th of that month,Dr. Welcha sick boy, Billy, and knewhe had diphtheria, a deadly infectious disease mainly affecting children.
A. examined B. warned C.interviewed D. cured
解析:根据常识,医生是检查生病的男孩,然后知道他患上了白喉。故选A。
例:During the_,experts say, exposure to blue lightis good. Best of allis sunlight, which contains many different wavelengths of light.
A. daytime B.night C.evening D. sleep
解析:由下文“陽光最好”可以根据常识推断出,选A,白天才有太阳。
例:“But I don't mind a little trouble." she said."It adds variety and flavor to my soup and to my life. My soup would be pretty bland without the vegetables, and so would my life if it didn't have the little
A. ups and downs B. cause and effect C. dos and don'ts D. cats and dogs
解析:这题存在一个类比。上文说如果没有这些费劲剁来的蔬菜丁,她的汤就会淡而无味。那么,生活中缺乏什么会显得平淡无味呢?A、B、C、D选项都是英文中的固定短语,但意思不同。A、B、C可以由字面猜出。A起伏,B因果,C注意事项,而D则是英文中的谚语,意为倾盆大雨。经过比对,此题选A。
思路总结
在做常识与文化背景知识题时,同学们要把语言知识和有关英美国家的文化背景知识结合起来。当无法准确把握语言知识时,还可以充分利用所学的社会知识和科普知识进行语境判断。