The 10 Most Beautiful Gardens in the World 世界十大最美园林

奥伊茜马娅·森·纳格 谢红

Butchart （Canada）

The Butchart Gardens is a group of spectacular floral gardens， a brainchild of Jennie Butchart， the wife of a pioneering industrialist， Robert Pim Butchart. The gardens are located in Brentwood Bay on Vancouver Island near Victoria， the capital city of the Canadian province of British Columbia. In 1909， when her husbands mining company had exhausted a limestone quarry of its minerals， Jennie Butchart decided to build something productive out of the wasted quarry site. She， with her husbands constant support， started building a Sunken Garden out of the ruins. In 1921， the garden was completed and soon started attracting visitors.

More gardens were built by the couple at their home when they replaced their tennis courts with an Italian garden and built a rose garden to replace their humble kitchen garden. Several statues of animals and birds are also housed in the gardens. Fireworks and musical entertainments are regularly held at the garden venue during summer season and the winter holiday period.

布查特花园（加拿大）

布查特花园由一组绚丽多姿的花园构成，是具有开拓精神的实业家罗伯特·皮姆·布查特的夫人珍妮·布查特精心打造的。花园位于加拿大温哥华岛的布伦特伍德湾，距不列颠哥伦比亚省首府维多利亚市不远。1909年，布查特矿业公司的一处石灰矿开采殆尽，珍妮·布查特便决定在这片废弃的矿场上建点儿什么。在丈夫坚定不移的支持下，珍妮着手将废矿坑改建为一座下沉花园。花园于1921年建成，很快开始吸引大批游客。

夫妇俩还在宅邸周围建了更多的花园，比如将网球场改建成意式花园，原本不起眼的菜园则变成了玫瑰园。花园内不仅有鸟兽雕塑点缀增色，每年夏季和冬假期间还会在园内举办烟花和音乐表演。

Ch?teau de Versailles （France）

The Gardens of Versailles are located to the west of the Ch?teau of Versailles in Versailles， France. The sprawling gardens occupy an extensive area of around 800 hectares of land， encompassing well-manicured lawns， vast stretches of flower beds， fountains and other water features and impressive statues. The entire design of the gardens is based on the classic French Garden style which is very well represented here by the principal gardener and landscape architect of King Louis XIV of France， André Le N?tre. The palace and its gardens were inscribed on the prestigious UNESCO World Heritage List in 1979.

凡爾赛宫（法国）

凡尔赛宫花园位于法国凡尔赛的凡尔赛宫西侧，面积广阔，占地约800公顷。这里有精心修剪的草坪、大片的花圃、喷泉等水景和令人赞叹的雕塑。凡尔赛宫花园完全依照法国古典园林式样设计，是法王路易十四的首席园艺师和园林设计师安德烈·勒诺特尔设计的法式园林典范。1979年凡尔赛宫及其花园被列入享有盛名的联合国科教文组织世界遗产名录。

Dumbarton Oaks （U.S.A.）

The Dumbarton Oaks estate， located in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington D.C. in the USA， was the original home of an American diplomat and art enthusiast， Robert Woods Bliss and his wife Mildred Barnes Bliss. Under the able supervision of Mildred Bliss， the estates farmlands were converted into an eye-catching landscape of terraced gardens leading the way to open recreational zones and finally blending with natures own reserves of verdurous meadows and picturesque streams. The recreational zones had tennis courts， water pools， orchards and vegetable gardens.

敦巴顿橡树园（美国）

敦巴顿橡树园位于美国华盛顿哥伦比亚特区乔治敦区，原是酷爱艺术的美国外交家罗伯特·伍兹·布利斯及其夫人米尔德丽德·巴恩斯·布利斯的府邸。布利斯夫人很有才干，在她的监督下，庄园的农田改造成了瑰丽的台地花园，一路通往露天的休闲娱乐区，那里错落分布着网球场、水池、果园和菜圃，而更远处则与大自然青翠的草场和如画的溪流完美地融为一体。

Kew Royal Botanic Gardens （United Kingdom）

The Kew Royal Botanic Gardens is a massive collection of living plant specimens from around the world， including many rare and threatened plant species. Originally started as an exotic collection of plants at Kew Park by a British aristocrat， Lord Capel John of Tewkesbury， the modern day Kew Gardens occupy an area of 121 hectares of land in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in the United Kingdom. Currently， the Kew Gardens hosts nearly 30，000 types of plants， 7 million preserved plant specimens and an extensive collection of scientific literature based on plants in its impressive library.

基尤皇家植物园（亦称邱园）（英国）

邱园是一座植物活体样本的巨大宝库，样本来自世界各地，包括很多稀有和濒危植物种类。邱园位于英国伦敦泰晤士河畔里士满区，最初是英国贵族图克斯伯里勋爵卡佩尔·约翰种植奇花异草的地方，现占地121公顷。目前邱园拥有近3万种植物，700万受保护的植株，园内图书馆收藏的植物学文献数量颇丰，令人惊叹。

Powerscourt （Ireland）

The Powerscourt Estate is a sprawling estate located in Enniskerry， County Wicklow， Ireland. The landscaped gardens of this estate was completed over a period of 20 years and opened in 1880. Inspiration for the gardens was drawn from the Sch?nbrunn Palace and Palace of Versailles. The main features of the property and the grounds of the estate include a Japanese themed garden， a lake named after the mythological Greek God， Triton1， walled gardens， an Italian themed garden， and a dolphin pond.

鮑尔斯考特庄园（爱尔兰）

占地广阔的鲍尔斯考特庄园坐落于爱尔兰威克洛郡的恩尼斯凯里，其中数个景观花园历时20年建成并于1880年对外开放。花园的设计灵感来源于美泉宫和凡尔赛宫。庄园的主要景致包括一座日式花园、一汪以希腊神祇特里同命名的特里同湖、几座封闭式花园、一座意大利式花园以及一个海豚池。

Sans Souci （Germany）

The 18th century Sans Souci gardens of Germany is located in Potsdam near Berlin. The gardens were commissioned by Frederick the Great， the King of Prussia. Work on the Sans Souci gardens started on August 10th， 1744， and soon trellised vines from other parts of Europe were brought in to grow in the carved terraces of the hill. Besides the vines， yew trees and figs were also planted in the terraced slopes and niches carved out in the supporting walls. The terraced vineyards ended at the base of the hill where a Baroque ornamental garden and a water body with a fountain created a majestic spectacle. A number of ornamental marble statues and a nearby kitchen garden are other notable features of the Sans Souci gardens.

无忧宫（德国）

建于18世纪的无忧宫位于德国柏林附近的波茨坦。园林由普鲁士国王腓特烈大帝下令建造。1744年8月10日无忧宫破土动工，很快配有棚架的葡萄藤便从欧洲其他地方运来，移植在山上开凿的梯田上。除了葡萄，梯状斜坡和承重墙上挖出的壁龛里还种植了紫杉和无花果树。梯台葡萄园一直延伸到山脚，山脚下的巴洛克装饰花园和带有喷泉的水景宏伟壮观。一些装饰性大理石雕塑和附近的一片菜园也是无忧宫中值得一看的景致。

Stourhead （United Kingdom）

The 2，650-acre Stourhead estate in Wiltshire， England hosts one of the most beautiful gardens in the world. Located near the mouth of the River Stour， the gardens of the estate offer a spectacular extravaganza of colorful flora， water features， monuments and architectural marvels of the 18th century. The gardens were laid out in the classical 18th century theme surrounding an artificial lake created by damming with inspirations in design sought from the work of famous painters like Claude Lorrain， Gaspard Dughet， and others. Several temples， an obelisk， the Bristol High Cross， King Alfreds Tower， are some of the landmark features of the gardens of Stourhead.

斯托海德风景园（英国）

英格兰威尔特郡的斯陶尔海德庄园占地2650英亩，其风景园是世界上最美丽的园林之一。风景园邻近斯陶尔河口，壮观华美，拥有绚丽的植被、各色水景、纪念碑塔和18世纪建筑奇迹。风景园是经典的18世纪园林布局，园中人工湖由筑坝蓄水而成，设计灵感来源于著名画家克劳德·洛兰和加斯帕尔·迪盖等人的画作。几座庙宇、一座方尖碑、布里斯托高十字架和阿尔弗雷德国王塔是斯托海德风景园内的标志性景观。

Villa dEste （Italy）

The gardens of the Villa dEste in Tivoli， Italy， considered to be a masterpiece of Renaissance culture， architecture and design， have been recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The terraced gardens of the property have a diverse collection of flora， including roses， jasmines， rhododendrons， camellias， palms， magnolias， chestnuts， and others. The water features include fountains， waterfalls， water basins， pools， troughs， water jets， and rippling water cascades， as well as frescoes and pebble mosaics and nymphaeum. The gardens and the villa were commissioned to be built by Cardinal Ippolito II dEste in the 16th century. After being owned privately for several centuries， the Villa dEste and its gardens were finally acquired by the Italian state post World War I， and since then has become a popular tourist destination in the country.

德斯特别墅（意大利）

德斯特别墅坐落于意大利的蒂沃利，其园林是公认的文艺复兴时期文化、建筑和设计界的杰作，已被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。园中台地花园的植物品类繁多，玫瑰、茉莉、杜鹃、山茶、棕榈、玉兰、栗树等不一而足。另外还有喷泉、悬瀑、流水盆、水塘、水槽、水柱喷泉、潺潺的小瀑布以及湿壁画、卵石马赛克和水神殿等诸多水体景观。几座花园和这栋别墅皆由红衣主教伊波利托二世·德斯特在16世纪请人建造。接下来的几个世纪别墅及其花园一直都是私产，最终在一战后被意大利政府收归国有，自此成为该国一处著名的旅游景点。

Villa ?phrussi de Rothschild （France）

These seaside gardens are but one of the many fantastic scenes to be seen along the French Riviera. Members of the Rothschild banking family2 established the estate in the early 20th century. There are nine distinctive gardens surrounding the villa， each with their own unique themes. The themed gardens include an exotic garden， a Florentine garden， a French formal garden， a Japanese garden， a Provencal garden， a rose garden， a Garden de Sevres， a Spanish style garden， and a stone garden. The French formal garden is the largest， complete with all manner of aquatic plants and statues arranged in the iconically symmetrical Francaise fashion.

罗斯柴尔德花园别墅（法国）

这片坐落于海边的花园别墅仅是法国里维埃拉地区众多美景之一，于20世纪初由罗斯柴尔德金融家族成员兴建。别墅的周围环绕着九座风格迥异、各具特色的园林，包括异国风情园、佛罗伦萨花园、法式规整花园、日式庭园、普罗旺斯花园、玫瑰园、塞夫尔花园、西班牙园和石头园。其中法式规整花园的面积最大，园内林林总总的水生植物和各式雕塑也按最具代表性的法兰西式园林的对称规格布局。

Wangshiyuan Garden （China）

This residential garden in southeast China， called Wangshiyuan in Chinese， was designed during the Song dynasty （A.D. 960–1279）. The arrangement of pavilions， halls， music rooms， winsome bamboo groves， and waterside perches is an exercise in natural harmony. The central section is a small world within itself; piles of yellow stones form “mountains” complete with caverns， and a tiny arched bridge called the “leading to quietude3” crosses a pond to a small pavilion in the center.

網师园（中国）

这座府宅园林位于中国江南，中文唤作网师园，始建于宋朝（960—1279）。园内有亭有廊有琴室，也有清雅的竹林和傍水的亭台，布局彰显自然的和谐。园中腹地别有洞天，这里黄石堆砌成一座座假山石洞，一座小巧精致的拱桥称作“引静桥”，横跨碧波，通往池塘正中的小凉亭。             □

（译者为“《英语世界》杯”翻译大赛获奖者）