四川 付 利
形容词和副词都具有修饰功能。形容词是描述人和事物的特征、性质、属性或者状态的一种开放性词类,主要修饰名词或者代词,在句中作定语、表语、补足语等成分;副词是指在句中表示行为或者状态特征的词,用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或者句子,表示时间、地点、方式、程度、逻辑等。这两类词在任何体裁的文章中都是必不可少的。连词则相当于人身体里的关节,它们的作用是让文章流畅、自然、有活力。
(2020·全国乙卷)There aremany respectablepeople around us. Mr Li is one of themost respectedteachers. With eyes filled with wisdom and the mild nature, he is agenuinescholar.
I couldn't follow the teachercompletelyin English classwhenI became a senior three student.One day, I was tooexhaustedto concentrate on what he was teaching.Unfortunately, I was invited to share my own ideas. I couldn't say one word. Much to my astonishment, Mr Li instructed and encouraged mepatiently. Sotouchedwas I that I decided to spare no effort to study hard.
NowI'mconfidentabout my English.I amreally gratefulto him for what he has done for me.
在本文中,作者很自然、恰当地使用形容词和副词,对老师的描述、对事情的陈述,以及自己的感情表达都很到位,让人印象深刻。
(一)形容词的语法功能
?
(续表)
(二)形容词的位置
1. 一般放在所修饰词之前
(2019·全国乙卷)In a nutshell, I'm theexactperson you need.
一句话,我就是你们需要的人。
2. 后置定语:放在所修饰词之后
I met someone quitetalkativeat the party.
在聚会上我遇到了一个十分健谈的人。
(三)形容词有比较级和最高级
1. I'mcloserto Jim than to Peter.
我跟Jim比跟Peter关系更亲近。
2. The film isthe most brilliantone I've ever seen.
这是我看过的最精彩的电影。
(四)-ed结尾的形容词和-ing结尾的形容词
-ed结尾的形容词意为“感到……”,而-ing结尾的形容词意为“令人……”。
1. Thank you for yourinvitingdishes. I feelinvitedto come again.
感谢你做的诱人的菜肴。 我很想再来你家。
2. Hissatisfiedfacial expression suggested that the news must besatisfying.
他满意的表情暗示着这消息一定令人满意。
副词在意义上和形式上具有自己的特征。 在意义上,副词用以说明事件发生的时间、地点,行为的方式、程度,说话者的态度、观点。 副词具有明显的修饰和强调功能。
(一)副词的分类
1. 时间副词,说明动作发生的时间,如:since、immediately、right now、in no time、tomorrow等。
2. 地点副词, 说明动作发生的地点, 如:outdoors、indoors、everywhere、upstairs、outside、out、here、there等。
3. 方式副词, 说明动作发生的方式, 如:wildly、kindly、patiently、hard、cautiously、slowly、suddenly等。
4. 程度副词,用来描述动作、行为或者状态程度的副词,如:hardly、enough、extremely、completely、almost、pretty、a lot等。
5. 频度副词,指一定时间内动作发生的频率,如:usually、often、sometimes、never、always、consecutively、frequently、constantly、now and then等。
6. 评论副词,对主句中陈述的观点进行评价的副词,如:luckily、exactly、naturally、thankfully、hopefully、honestly、narrowly、generally等。
7. 连接副词及副词短语,主要用来连接句子或者从句,如:
所以:consequently、therefore、hence、as a result
还有:besides、moreover、additionally
但是:however、though (句末)
否则:otherwise
然后:then
同时:meanwhile
(二)副词的语法功能
?
常见的连词有:
并 列 连 词:and、both...and...、not only...but also...、as well as、in addition、besides、apart from、for one thing...for another、what's more等。
转折关系:however、while、but、yet、still、instead、on the one hand...on the other hand等。
选择关系:or、or else、otherwise、either...or...、neither...nor...等。
因果关系:so、for、then、therefore、hence、as a result、as a result of等。
递进关系:more importantly、what's worse、worse still等。
从属连词:because、since、until、when、as、while等。
1. ( 2020·全国甲卷)我将永远从这次经历中受益。
I'll benefit from the experience____________.
2. (2018·全国丙卷)体育馆设施很棒,下课后吸引了众多的学生。
equipped, the stadium attracts a great many students after school.
3.(2017·全国乙卷)课堂上,你主要学习唐诗。 唐诗体现了中国传统文化,而且深受中国人喜爱。
In the class, you will____________learn Tang poetry, which reflects traditional Chinese culture and is____________loved by Chinese.
4. (2017·全国甲卷)我真诚地希望您能腾出时间来参加这个艺术展。
I____________hope you can set aside some time for the art exhibition.
5. (2016·北京卷)所有的人都因为这些意外的礼物感到开心,尤其是孩子和老人。
All were very happy with those unexpected gifts,____________little kids and elderly people.
6. (2016·江苏卷)网上投票变得日益流行起来。
Online voting becomes____________popular.
7. (2015·北京卷)我们围着老手艺人专注地观看,然后我们开始自己尝试。 老人在我们身边转来转去,耐心地帮助我们。
We stood around the craftsman and watched____________.____________
we started to give it a shot ourselves. The old man walked around and helped us .
8. (2016·天津卷)给我们留下深刻印象的不仅是你们的热情,还有你们的团队精神。
It's____________your enthusiasm____________your teamwork that impress us.
9. (2015·浙江卷)毫不犹豫地,我决定跟着他们,而且那天我们的确过得很有意思。
____________, I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.
10.(2015·江苏卷)更糟糕的是,有些司机、骑自行车的人和行人不认为遵守交通规则很重要。
____________, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.
11. ( 2019·全国乙卷)I'm confident that I'm qualified for the job.____________(首先), I have a good command of both English and Chinese.____________(其次), I have relevant experience and know the duty of a volunteer better.________(再者), I can explain Chinese paintings in detail and offer help to whoever is in need.________(总之), I'm the exact person you need.
12.(2018·全国乙卷)I do have some suggestions for you.________(第一), to show your politeness, you should arrive on time and never be late.________(另外), you'd better bring some gifts that don't have to be of great value.________(还有), it's chopsticks that we Chinese use when we eat,________(所以) you'd better practice using them in advance.________(最后但同样重要的), while chewing, you need to avoid making noise.
假定你是某国际学校学生李越,学校图书馆需要购置一批新书,现向学生征求意见。 请你用英语给图书馆管理员Tony老师写一封邮件,内容包括:
1. 推荐书目;
2. 推荐理由。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Tony,
Hearing that our library is scheduled to buy some new books,________________
I'd be grateful if you could consider my appeal.
Yours,
Li Yue