良庄 中国共产党外交工作的重要发祥地

良莊，位于今重庆市渝中区枣子岚垭正街马鞍山村18号，重庆市重点文物保护单位。这里曾是沈钧儒、史良、李公朴、黄炎培等著名爱国民主人士议事和聚会的重要场所，是中国民主党派的发祥地之一，也是中国共产党外交工作的重要发祥地。

良庄原是重庆久裕钱庄协理李正铨（字量才）的产业，由3幢小楼房组成，自上而下分别取名为良庄、孝第、厚庐。抗日战争时期，全国各界救国联合会常务委员沈钧儒和王炳南、王安娜夫妇租住在孝第。

良庄、孝第和厚庐建设于20世纪30年代后期，位于枣子岚垭马鞍山，抗日战争时期门牌为枣子岚垭83号。3幢楼房分别以李量才长子李忠良、次子李忠孝、三子李忠厚的名字取名。楼房呈“工”字形布局，良庄、厚庐为二层楼房;孝第在地面上为三层，东侧房间下有一石拱券地下室。楼房系小青瓦顶，砖木结构，四周有青砖围墙，墙上抹有石灰。三幢楼房前各开有一扇木门，良庄与孝第之间有一石梯相通。

1939年“七君子事件”后，沈钧儒、茅盾在良庄客居，周恩来、叶挺、王若飞、王炳南、冯玉祥、于右任、田汉、郭沫若、沙千里、张申府等经常到此议事。史良、邹韬奋、李公朴、黄炎培等也在枣子岚垭马鞍山周边等处租住。由此，马鞍山村18号成就中国抗日民主统一战线的一段佳话。

同年，在周恩来同志的领导下，王炳南、王安娜夫妇在此成立中共中央南方局外事组，这也是中共第二个正式外事机构。期间，外事组与美国顾问拉摩尔、中印缅战区美军司令史迪威、英国驻华大使卡尔、著名作家海明威、记者爱泼斯坦等进行了联络，有力地提升了中国共产党的国际影响力，为维护和巩固国际统一战线起到了重要的作用。新中国成立后，原南方局外事组工作人员大都成为了政务院外交部骨干。

1945年，沈钧儒在良庄主持召开中国人民救国会第一次常委会议。重庆谈判期间，毛泽东、周恩来曾前来良庄与沈钧儒会晤。良庄也是仅次于特园的各民主党派和进步人士聚会座谈、共商国是的重要场所。

2017年7月，重庆市渝中区启动“马鞍山传统风貌区”整治修复工程，对包括沈钧儒旧居在内的65栋老历史建筑进行保护性修缮。良庄记录了抗战时期沈钧儒与众多民主人士的奋斗历程和生活轨迹，见证了抗战历史的风云变幻，是重庆抗战文化的珍贵遗产。

编辑/贺煜

Located at 18， Ma’anshan Village， Zaozilanya， Yuzhong District， Chongqing， Liangzhuang is a major cultural relics protection unit in Chongqing. Once a key place for Shen Junru， Shi Liang， Li Gongpu， Huang Yanpei and other prominent patriotic democrats to meet and talk， Liangzhuang is one of the birthplaces of China's democratic parties as well as a critical provenance of the diplomatic work of the Communist Party of China.

An original asset of Li Zhengquan （literary name： Liangcai）， assistant manager of Chongqing Jiuyu Qianzhuang （old-style Chinese private bank）， Liangzhuang is composed of three small buildings， respectively named Liangzhuang， Xiaodi and Houlu from top to bottom. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression， Shen Junru， standing member of the National Salvation Federation of all walks of life， Wang Bingnan and Anna Wang （Martens Annaliese） lived and worked in Xiaodi.

Constructed in the late 1930s， Liangzhuang， Xiaodi and Houlu are located in Ma'anshan， Zaozilanya. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression， the house number was 83， Zaozilanya. The three small buildings were respectively named after Li Liangcai's sons， the eldest son Li Zhongliang， the second son Li Zhongxiao and the youngest son Li Zhonghou. Assuming the inverted "H" shape， Liangzhuang and Houlu are two-story buildings; while Xiaodi is a three-story building above the ground with a stone arch basement under the east rooms. A small grey-tile roof in brick and wood structure， the buildings are surrounded by gray brick walls with lime sprayed on them. There is a wooden door in front of each of the three buildings， and a stone ladder between Liangzhuang and Xiaodi.

After the "Seven Gentlemen Incident" in 1939， Shen Junru and Maodun settled in the surrounding areas of Liangzhuang. Zhou Enlai， Ye Ting， Wang Ruofei， Wang Bingnan， Feng Yuxiang， Yu Youren， Tian Han， Guo Moruo， Sha Qianli and Zhang Shenfu often met here for discussion. Shi Liang， Zou Taofen， Li Gongpu and Huang Yanpei also rented in the surrounding areas， such as Zaozilanya and Ma'anshan. Thus， a legend about China's Anti-Japanese National United Front was left.

In the same year， under the leadership of Comrade Zhou Enlai， Wang Bingnan and Anna Wang established the Foreign Affairs Group of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee， the second official foreign affairs organization of the CPC. During this period， the Foreign Affairs Group contacted with American adviser Owen Lattimore， General Stilwell， commander of US Forces in the China-Burma-India Theater， Sir Archibald Clark-Kerr， the British Ambassador to China， famous writer Ernest Hemingway and journalist Israel Epstein here， effectively improved the international influence of the Communist Party of China and played a vital role in maintaining and consolidating the international united front. After the founding of People's Republic of China， most former staff of the Foreign Affairs Group of the Southern Bureau became the backbone of the Government Administration Council and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

In 1945， Shen Junru presided over the first standing committee meeting of the "Chinese People's National Salvation Association" in Liangzhuang. During the Chongqing Negotiations， Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai came here to meet with Shen Junru. It is also a key site for democratic parties and progressive democrats， second only to Teyuan， to meet and discuss national issues jointly.

In July 2017， Yuzhong District of Chongqing launched the renovation project of "Ma'anshan traditional district"， conducting protective repairs to 65 old historical buildings， including Shen Junru's former residence. Liangzhuang has recorded the grappling journey and life trajectory of Shen Junru and many democrats during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression， seen the vicissitudes for decades， and thus can be deemed as a precious heritage of Chongqing's anti-Japanese war culture.

Editor/He Yu