苏军烈士墓 中俄友好的象征

杨艳

位于渝中区的鹅岭公园，可俯瞰长江与嘉陵江，风光秀丽。穿过公园大门，沿着蜿蜒小路漫步约200米，在蓬勃蓊郁的树林中有一座苏军烈士墓，是为纪念在抗战期间牺牲的两名苏联空军烈士而修建，这里幽雅宁静，耳畔不时传来清脆的鸟鸣声。

苏联志愿航空队为中国抗日战争作出重大贡献

1938至1940年间，志愿来华参加抗日战争的苏联航空志愿队军官卡特诺夫上校、司托尔夫上校在对日空战中分别于1940年11月15日和1941年5月11日牺牲于重庆。两位烈士最初安葬在袁家岗附近，后于1959年9月迁葬于鹅岭公园内。

苏军烈士墓由纪念碑与墓地组成。纪念碑坐西向东，为钢筋混凝土结构，占地面积约为219平方米。墓地铺以花岗石，三面用石栏围护。纪念碑为四方体锥形石碑，高9米，外表是光滑的磨石。正面饰有镰刀斧头金色图案，镌刻“志愿参加抗日战争牺牲的苏联军官司托尔夫、卡特诺夫烈士之墓”。碑顶四面装饰有云纹，下面是凸浮雕式的原苏联国徽，整体造型优美庄严。

1937年日本对中国进行全面入侵。苏联政府对中国的抗日战争采取了积极的援华方针。1937年8月20日，《中苏互不侵犯条约》签订;11月，苏联志愿航空队来华支援中国作战，书写了两国友情。苏联志愿航空队的成员采取轮换形式，先后在华参战的有2000多人，日加列夫、雷恰戈夫、阿尼西莫夫、波雷宁、特霍尔、赫留金、布拉戈维申斯基等著名空军将领都曾来华与日军作战。他们先后进驻南昌、武汉、重庆、梁山（今重庆市梁平区）、成都等地机场，出动飞机千余架次，击落日机数百架，炸沉日军各类船舰70余艘，为中国抗日战争作出重大贡献。其中，有200多名官兵献出生命。

中俄人民共同缅怀苏军烈士 弘扬伟大的国际主义精神

苏军烈士墓反映了苏联援助中国人民抗击日本侵略的历史，是中苏友好的象征，具有重要的历史文化价值。苏军烈士墓作为鹅岭抗战遗址群的组成部分，2009年由重庆市人民政府公布为重庆市文物保护单位。

重庆市政府非常重视苏军烈士墓的维修保护，在俄罗斯驻华大使馆及中方有关部门的共同参与支持下，重庆市于今年7月再次启动了对鹅岭公园苏军烈士墓的保养维护工作，于8月27日圆满完工。市政府外办、市文化和旅游委、渝中区政府等部门代表出席竣工仪式。

2005年6月，时任俄罗斯国家杜马主席的格雷兹洛夫访问重庆，专程率代表团来此拜祭苏军烈士墓，并敬献花圈。

格雷兹洛夫说，他的父亲就是一名反法西斯战士，曾到中国大连、旅顺参加抗战，因此抗战对他个人和他的家庭都有着特殊意义。他十分感谢中国政府和人民对曾参加抗战的苏联烈士的深切缅怀，希望俄中两国人民友谊长存。当时，代表团还捐赠1万美元给鹅岭公园，用于苏军烈士墓的常年维护。2009年，俄罗斯驻华大使馆再次向鹅岭公园捐赠15万元人民币。

2019年是中俄建交70周年，也是中俄地方合作交流年。10月，俄罗斯驻华大使馆公使衔参赞热洛霍夫采夫一行来渝访问时，前往鹅岭公园苏军烈士墓举行献花仪式，以此纪念在抗日战争中牺牲的苏联援华飞行员。

今年是中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利75周年。10月19日，俄罗斯驻华大使馆参赞阿列克谢耶夫率团来渝访问，拜谒了位于鹅岭公园的苏军烈士墓。阿列克谢耶夫参赞看到重庆市对苏军烈士墓保护良好，表示由衷的感谢。并表示，中俄两国人民在世界反法西斯战争中并肩战斗，为捍卫世界和平付出了巨大牺牲、作出重大贡献，共同的历史记忆是新时代中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系的坚实基础，为中俄关系和两国人民世代友好提供了不竭的强劲动力。

在中华民族面临生死存亡的危险时刻，英雄们懷着对祖国和人民、对人类和平事业的深深大爱，凝聚了跨越国界和民族、为正义和自由而英勇奋战的巨大力量，用自己的血肉之躯筑起钢铁长城，与日本帝国主义侵略者进行了殊死拼搏。长眠在重庆的苏军烈士，他们所体现出的伟大的国际主义精神，将彪炳史册、万古流芳。

Located in Yuzhong District， Eling Park overlooks the Yangtze River and Jialing River with scenic views. A walk through the gate of the park and along the winding path for about 200 meters would lead one to the Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs， built to commemorate the two Soviet air force martyrs died during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. Tucked away in luxuriant woods， the place is known for its serenity constantly accompanied by crisp bird chirps.

Soviet Air Force Volunteer Team made major contributions to China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

Between 1938 and 1940， Colonel Katnov and Colonel Stolf with the volunteer group of the Soviet airforce lost their lives in Chongqing on 15th November 1940 and 11th May 1941 respectively in the air battle against Japan. Two martyrs were first buried near Yuanjiagang and reburied in Eling Park in September 1959.

The Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs consists of the monument and cemetery. Located in the west to the east， the monument is a reinforced concrete structure， covering an area of 219 square meters. The cemetery is paved with granite and enclosed by stone fences on three sides. As a quadrate stone tablet with a height of 9 meters， the surface of the monument is smooth grindstone with golden patterns of sickles and axes veneered in the front and characters "Cemetery of Soviet airforce martyrs Stolf and Katnov， volunteer fighters in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression" engraved on the front. With cloud patterns on the all sides of the top and the former national emblem of the Soviet Union in the lower part， the overall design of the monument is graceful and solemn.

In 1937， Japan launched a sweeping war of aggression against China. The Soviet Government adopted a proactive policy to aid China in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. On August 20， 1937， the Sino-Soviet Non-aggression Treaty was signed; in November， the Soviet Air Force Volunteer Team came to China to support the fight， showcasing the friendship between the two countries.

As members of the Soviet Air Force Volunteer Team rotated in combat， over 2，000 persons joined the war in China successively. Famous air force generals such as Rigalev， Regorov， Anisimov， Polenin， Tehol， Khryukin， Blagovishensky came to China to fight against the Japanese army. Successively entered airports in Nanchang， Wuhan， Chongqing， Liangshan （now Liangping District of Chongqing）， Chengdu， etc.， with more than 1，000 planes dispatched， hundreds of Japanese planes shot down and over 70 Japanese ships sunk， they made great contributions to China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. Among them， over 200 officers and soldiers sacrificed their lives.

The Chinese and Russian people jointly cherish the memory of the Soviet martyrs and carry forward the great spirit of internationalism

Reflecting the history of the Soviet Union's assistance to the Chinese people against Japanese aggression， the Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs is a symbol of China-Soviet friendship with prominent historical and cultural value. As a part of the ruin groups of War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in Eling， it was announced by Chongqing Municipal People's Government as cultural relic protection unit of Chongqing in 2009.

The Chongqing Municipal People's Government attaches great importance to the maintenance and protection of the Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs. With the joint participation and support of the Russian Embassy in China and relevant Chinese departments， Chongqing restarted the maintenance of the Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs in Eling Park in July this year and successfully completed on August 27. Representatives of the Foreign Affairs Office of Chongqing Municipal People's Government， Chongqing Municipal Development Committee of Culture and Tourism， Yuzhong District government and other departments attended the completion ceremony.

In June 2005， in his visit in Chongqing， Boris Gryzlov， the then chairman of Russian State Duma， led a delegation to pay homage to the Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs and offered wreaths to the martyrs.

Mr. Gryzlov said that as his father was an anti-fascist soldier in the fight against Japanese aggression in Dalian and Lushun， the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression had special significance to him and his family. He expressed his gratitude to the Chinese government and Chinese people for their deep memory of the Soviet martyrs joined the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression， and hoped that the friendship between the Russian and Chinese people would last forever. At that time， the delegation also donated $10，000 to Eling Park for the maintenance of the Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs. In 2009， the Russian Embassy donated 150，000 yuan to Eling Park again.

The year 2019 marks the 70th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Russia， as well as the year of China-Russia local cooperation and exchange. In October， in his visit in Chongqing， Zhelokhovtsev， Minister Counselor of the Russian Embassy in China， and his team went to the Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs in Eling Park to present flowers to commemorate the Soviet pilots who died in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.

This year is the 75th anniversary of the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. From October 19 to 20， Alekseev， Counselor of Russian Embassy in China， led a delegation to Chongqing and paid a visit to the Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs in Eling Park. Counselor Alekseev expressed his sincere gratitude to Chongqing for preserving the Cemetery of Soviet Army Martyrs well. He said that Chinese and Russian people had fought side by side in the World Anti-Fascist War and made great sacrifices and contributions to safeguarding world peace. As a solid foundation of China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of cooperation in the new era， the shared historical memory provided an inexhaustible driving force for China-Russian relations and the friendship between the two peoples from generation to generation.

In this life-or-death moment of the Chinese nation， the heroes， with their deep love for their motherland， their people and the cause of peace of mankind， gathered tremendous strength to fight courageously for justice and freedom across boundaries and nations， built the great wall of steel with their own flesh and blood， and fought to their death against the Japanese imperialist invaders. The great spirit of internationalism embodied by the martyrs of the Soviet Army in Chongqing will go down in history forever.