陈汉洽, 杨梦圆, 韦冬梅, 贺 利, 郑景云, 李洁芳, 钟浩良, 冯 娜, 马爱军*, 张书宇,2*, 张 焜*
(1. 五邑大学 生物科技与大健康学院,广东 江门 529020; 2. 上海交通大学 化学化工学院,上海 200240)
将具有生物活性的两个或者多个分子,通过反应合成一种具有潜在生物活性的新分子,是一种构造新化合物的重要策略[1-2]。白杨素(1)是一种从紫威科植物木蝴蝶中提取的一种具有广泛药理活性的天然多酚类黄酮化合物[3],广泛存在于蜂蜜与蜂蜡之中,具有抗氧化、抗病毒、降血糖、抗焦虑等多种生物活性[4-8],但其也存在溶解性低,生物利用度较差等缺点[8-9]。
肉桂酸(2a)是一种从传统中药肉桂皮中提取的化合物[10],与其衍生物在自然界广泛存在,具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抑菌等多种生物活性[11-14]。多种肉桂酸类衍生物的生物活性高于其原型药物[15]。因此,通过将白杨素和肉桂酸衍生物反应合成一系列具有多样性特征的新化合物,将为生物活性筛选提供化合物源。
本文在1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)的作用下,经Steglich酯化反应将肉桂酸衍生物引入到白杨素的C-7位上,合成了14个白杨素肉桂酸酯(3a~3n, Scheme 1),除3a与3l外均为新化合物[16],收率43.4%~95.1%,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR, IR和LC-MS表征。
Scheme 1
Scheme 2
OptiMelt MPA 100型熔点仪;Bruker 500 MHz型核磁共振仪(DMSO-d6为溶剂,TMS为内标);Bruker Vertex 70/80型傅里叶红外光谱仪;Thermo Fishor LCQ Fleet型液相色谱-质谱联用仪。
所用试剂均为分析纯。
在50 mL圆底烧瓶中,依次加1(1 mmol, 1 eq.),2a(1.5 mmol, 1.5 eq.), EDCI(1.5 mmol, 1.5 eq.)和DMAP(0.5 mmol, 0.5 eq.),氮气保护下,加入二氯甲烷10.0 mL,反应约6 h(TLC检测)。抽滤,滤饼依次使用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和丙酮洗涤,真空干燥得化合物3a。
用类似的方法合成3b~3n。
5-羟基-2-苯基-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮-7-基-苯基丙烯酸酯(3a): 黄色固体,收率95.1%, m.p.211.4~213.2 ℃;1H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 12.87(s, 1H), 8.14(d,J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.95~7.82(m, 2H), 7.80(d,J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.63(dq,J=14.7 Hz, 7.1 Hz, 3H), 7.51~7.45(m, 1H), 7.22(dd,J=11.2 Hz, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.18(d,J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.02(s, 1H), 6.93(d,J=16.1 Hz, 1H), 6.81~6.73(m, 2H);13C NMR(125 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 182.15, 170.25, 164.80, 161.28, 159.04, 156.98, 138.96, 136.43, 133.26, 132.96, 131.27, 129.73, 129.30, 127.16, 117.12, 115.01, 108.73, 106.25, 105.96, 102.27; IR(KBr)ν: 3449, 3079, 2922, 2846, 1773, 1620 cm-1; LC-MS(ESI)m/z: Calcd for C24H16KO5{[M+K]+}423.06, found 423.18。
5-羟基-2-苯基-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮-7-基-邻甲苯基丙烯酸酯(3b): 淡黄色固体,收率82.4%, m.p.167.2~169.1 ℃;1H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 12.89(s, 1H), 8.15(d,J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 8.11(d,J=15.9 Hz, 1H), 7.87(d,J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.63(dt,J=14.6 Hz, 7.0 Hz, 3H), 7.42~7.35(m, 1H), 7.34~7.27(m, 2H), 7.24(d,J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.19(s, 1H), 6.83(d,J=15.9 Hz, 1H), 6.80(d,J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 2.46(s, 3H);13C NMR(125 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 183.15, 164.71, 164.61, 161.29, 156.85, 156.39, 144.92, 138.45, 132.94, 132.79, 131.39, 130.88, 129.71, 127.43, 127.15, 127.07, 117.95, 108.81, 106.27, 105.94, 102.25, 19.79; IR(KBr)ν: 3446, 3064, 2922, 2854, 1741, 1626, 1377 cm-1; LC-MS(ESI)m/z: Calcd for C25H19O5{[M+H]+}399.12, found 399.04。
5-羟基-2-苯基-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮-7-基-间甲苯基丙烯酸酯(3c): 淡黄色固体,收率47.8%, m.p.182.1~183.6 ℃;1H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 12.88(s, 1H), 8.15(d,J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.88(d,J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 7.63(td,J=14.6 Hz, 7.1 Hz, 5H), 7.37(t,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.31(d,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.23(d,J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.19(s, 1H), 6.90(d,J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.78(d,J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 2.36(s, 3H);13C NMR(125 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 183.14, 164.71, 164.64, 161.28, 156.84, 156.42, 147.99, 138.82, 134.13, 132.94, 132.34, 130.87, 129.74, 129.71, 129.42, 127.15, 126.55, 116.85, 108.79, 106.26, 105.93, 102.25, 21.32; IR(KBr)ν: 3445, 3076, 2922, 2854, 1737, 1633, 1373 cm-1; LC-MS(ESI)m/z: Calcd for C25H18O5Na{[M+Na]+}421.10, found 421.11。
5-羟基-2-苯基-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮-7-基-对甲苯基丙烯酸酯(3d):黄色固体,收率57.1%, m.p.190.2~192.5 ℃;1H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 12.88(s, 1H), 8.14(d,J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.89(d,J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 7.73(d,J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.62(dt,J=14.6 Hz, 7.0 Hz, 3H), 7.29(d,J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.22(d,J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.19(s, 1H), 6.86(d,J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.78(d,J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 2.36(s, 3H);13C NMR(125 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 183.14, 164.74, 164.70, 161.28, 156.84, 156.47, 147.88, 141.80, 132.93, 131.52, 130.88, 130.16, 129.70, 129.34, 127.15, 115.90, 108.77, 106.26, 105.96, 102.26, 21.60; IR(KBr)ν: 3449, 3078, 2921, 2848, 1745, 1620, 1372 cm-1; LC-MS(ESI)m/z: Calcd for C25H18O5Na{[M+Na]+}421.10, found 421.09。
5-羟基-2-苯基-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮-7-基-邻氯苯基丙烯酸酯(3e): 淡黄色固体,收率77.7%, m.p.197.2~199.8 ℃;1H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 2.89(s, 1H), 8.18~8.12(m, 3H), 8.11(dd,J=7.9 Hz, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.69~7.58(m, 4H), 7.52(td,J=7.7 Hz, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.50~7.43(m, 1H), 7.25(d,J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.19(s, 1H), 7.04(d,J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.81(d,J=2.0 Hz, 1H);13C NMR(125 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 183.16, 164.74, 164.30, 161.32, 156.86, 156.24, 142.15, 134.58, 133.07, 132.95, 131.73, 130.88, 130.63, 129.72, 129.16, 128.43, 127.16, 120.25, 108.90, 106.29, 105.94, 102.27; IR(KBr)ν: 3446, 3072, 2923, 2855, 1733, 1654 cm-1; LC-MS(ESI)m/z: Calcd for C24H15O5ClNa{[M+Na]+}441.05, found 441.04。
5-羟基-2-苯基-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮-7-基-间氯苯基丙烯酸酯(3f): 黄色固体,收率55.2%, m.p.202.3~204.5 ℃;1H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 12.89(s, 1H), 8.14(d,J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.98(s, 1H), 7.91(d,J=16.1 Hz, 1H), 7.82(d,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.69~7.57(m, 3H), 7.57~7.53(m, 1H), 7.50(t,J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.23(d,J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.18(s, 1H), 7.03(d,J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.79(d,J=2.1 Hz, 1H);13C NMR(125 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 183.14, 164.74, 164.42, 161.30, 156.85, 156.32, 146.15, 136.44, 134.33, 132.95, 131.32, 131.15, 130.87, 129.71, 128.84, 127.89, 127.16, 118.86, 108.85, 106.27, 105.92, 102.25; IR(KBr)ν: 3446, 3070, 2924, 2855, 1740, 1632 cm-1; LC-MS(ESI)m/z: Calcd for C24H15O5ClK{[M+K]+}457.02, found 457.14。
5-羟基-2-苯基-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮-7-基-对氯苯基丙烯酸酯(3g): 淡黄色固体,收率88.7%, m.p.234.6~237.2 ℃;1H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 12.90(s, 1H), 8.15(d,J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.97~7.87(m, 3H), 7.64(dq,J=14.6 Hz, 7.1 Hz, 3H), 7.56(d,J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.23(d,J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.20(s, 1H), 6.98(d,J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.79(d,J=2.1 Hz, 1H); IR(KBr)ν: 3451, 3082, 2923, 2854, 1739, 1631 cm-1; LC-MS(ESI)m/z: Calcd for C24H16O5Cl{[M+H]+}419.06, found 419.07。
5-羟基-2-苯基-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮-7-基-对溴苯基丙烯酸酯(3h): 黄色固体,收率85.5%, m.p.225.2~227.6 ℃;1H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 12.89(s, 1H), 8.15(d,J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.91(d,J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 7.82(d,J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.68(d,J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.62(dt,J=14.6 Hz, 7.0 Hz, 3H), 7.23(d,J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.19(s, 1H), 6.98(d,J=16.1 Hz, 1H), 6.79(d,J=2.0 Hz, 1H);13C NMR(125 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 183.15, 164.73, 164.51, 161.30, 156.85, 156.36, 146.49, 133.53, 132.95, 132.53, 131.22, 130.88, 129.71, 127.16, 125.09, 118.01, 108.84, 106.28, 105.93, 102.25; IR(KBr)ν: 3445, 3078, 2922, 2854, 1740, 1623 cm-1; LC-MS(ESI)m/z: Calcd for C24H15O5BrK{[M+K]+}500.97, found 501.05。
5-羟基-2-苯基-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮-7-基-间氟苯基丙烯酸酯(3i): 淡黄色固体,收率43.4%, m.p.184.7~186.3 ℃;1H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 12.89(s, 1H), 8.15(d,J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.93(d,J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 7.79(dt,J=10.1 Hz, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.72~7.58(m, 4H), 7.56~7.48(m, 1H), 7.33(td,J=8.6 Hz, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.24(d,J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.20(s, 1H), 7.03(d,J=16.1 Hz, 1H), 6.80(d,J=2.1 Hz, 1H);13C NMR(125 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 183.15, 164.73, 164.45, 161.31, 156.86, 156.32, 146.39, 136.76, 132.94, 131.55, 131.48, 130.88, 129.71, 127.16, 125.85, 118.77, 115.46, 115.28, 108.86, 106.29, 105.94, 102.26; IR(KBr)ν: 3443, 3074, 2922, 2854, 1732, 1625 cm-1; LC-MS(ESI)m/z: Calcd for C24H15O5FNa{[M+Na]+}425.07, found 425.08。
5-羟基-2-苯基-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮-7-基-对硝基苯基丙烯酸酯(3j): 黄色固体,收率72.5%, m.p.247.7~251.1 ℃;1H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 12.90(s, 1H), 8.30(d,J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 8.19~8.09(m, 4H), 8.05(d,J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 7.69~7.58(m, 3H), 7.25(d,J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.19(d,J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.15(s, 1H), 6.82(d,J=2.0 Hz, 1H);13C NMR(125 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 183.19, 164.75, 164.14, 161.33, 156.86, 156.22, 148.91, 145.02, 140.55, 132.96, 130.87, 130.37, 129.72, 127.16, 124.53, 121.50, 108.92, 106.31, 105.91, 102.24; IR(KBr)ν: 3451, 3080, 2922, 2851, 1730, 1630, 1521, 1320 cm-1; LC-MS(ESI)m/z: Calcd for C24H15NO7K{[M+K]+}468.05, found 468.20。
5-羟基-2-苯基-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮-7-基-邻甲氧基苯基丙烯酸酯(3k): 淡黄色固体,收率89.9%, m.p.169.2~172.5 ℃;1H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 12.88(s, 1H), 8.15(d,J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 8.10(d,J=16.1 Hz, 1H), 7.84(dd,J=7.8 Hz, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.69~7.58(m, 3H), 7.49(td,J=8.1 Hz, 7.6 Hz, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22(d,J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.19(s, 1H), 7.16(d,J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.05(t,J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.91(d,J=16.1 Hz, 1H), 6.78(d,J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 3.91(s, 3H);13C NMR(125 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 183.15, 164.96, 164.70, 161.28, 158.74, 156.85, 156.48, 142.57, 132.94, 129.82, 129.71, 127.16, 122.33, 121.33, 117.06, 112.41, 106.26, 105.99, 102.29, 56.25; IR(KBr)ν: 3447, 3082, 2923, 2854, 1736, 1624, 1139 cm-1; LC-MS(ESI)m/z: Calcd for C25H18O6K{[M+K]+}453.07, found 453.19。
5-羟基-2-苯基-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮-7-基-对甲氧基苯基丙烯酸酯(3l): 黄色固体,收率73.4%, m.p.218.5~221.1 ℃;1H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 12.88(s, 1H), 8.17~8.13(m, 2H), 7.88(d,J=15.9 Hz, 1H), 7.81(d,J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.67~7.59(m, 3H), 7.21(d,J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.19(s, 1H), 7.03(d,J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.81~6.75(m, 2H), 3.82(s, 3H), 3.83(s, 3H);13C NMR(125 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 183.09, 164.89, 164.69, 161.26, 157.84, 156.84, 156.53, 147.76, 132.94, 131.27, 130.89, 129.71, 127.15, 115.00, 114.14, 108.73, 106.25, 105.96, 102.27, 55.90; IR(KBr)ν: 3449, 3083, 2922, 2846, 1733, 1619, 1148 cm-1; LC-MS(ESI)m/z: Calcd for C25H19O6{[M+H]+}415.17, found 415.10。
5-羟基-2-苯基-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮-7-基-3,4-二甲氧基苯基丙烯酸酯(3m): 黄色固体,收率74.4%, m.p.172.3~174.5 ℃;1H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 12.88(s, 1H), 8.14(d,J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.85(d,J=15.9 Hz, 1H), 7.70~7.57(m, 3H), 7.48(d,J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.37(dd,J=8.4 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.21(d,J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.19(s, 1H), 7.03(d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.85(d,J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 6.76(d,J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.83(d,J=6.6 Hz, 6H);13C NMR(125 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 183.14, 164.93, 164.67, 161.26, 156.83, 156.56, 152.03, 149.49, 148.18, 132.93, 130.87, 129.70, 127.15, 127.03, 124.35, 114.29, 111.95, 111.00, 108.71, 106.23, 105.92, 102.24, 56.13, 56.08; IR(KBr)ν: 3446, 3083, 2922, 2846, 1733, 1619, 1129 cm-1; LC-MS(ESI)m/z: Calcd for C26H20O7Na{[M+Na]+}467.11, found 467.10。
5-羟基-2-苯基-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮-7-基-3,4-(亚甲基二氧环)苯乙烯酸酯(3n): 黄色固体,收率90.6%, m.p.220.2~221.4 ℃;1H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 12.88(s, 1H), 8.18~8.11(m, 2H), 7.84(d,J=15.9 Hz, 1H), 7.68~7.57(m, 3H), 7.55(d,J=1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.32(dd,J=8.2 Hz, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.21(d,J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.18(s, 1H), 7.01(d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.79(d,J=15.9 Hz, 1H), 6.76(d,J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.12(s, 2H);13C NMR(125 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ: 183.14, 164.86, 164.69, 161.26, 156.84, 156.52, 150.45, 148.65, 147.82, 132.94, 130.87, 129.71, 128.68, 127.15, 126.49, 114.71, 109.07, 108.74, 107.39, 106.24, 105.97, 102.27; IR(KBr)ν: 3445, 3079, 2923, 2852, 1737, 1623, 1141 cm-1; LC-MS(ESI)m/z: Calcd for C25H17O7{[M+H]+}429.10, found 429.10。
以3a的合成为例,研究了催化剂、反应时间对反应收率的影响,结果见表1。
由表1可见,当不加入其他催化剂试剂时,反应不能进行,在EDCI和DMAP的作用下,6 h内可反应完全,收率达到95.1%。在DCC和DMAP的作用下,反应时间较长,收率明显降低,且提纯难度较大。而使用SOCl2将肉桂酸酰化后再与白杨素酯化,所需反应时间较少,但需要两步反应,收率略低,且反应条件比较苛刻。因此选择使用EDCI和DMAP的条件来进行该反应最为适宜。
根据实验结果和文献[17-19]报道,推测了可能的反应机理(Scheme 2):首先,肉桂酸与 EDCI反应,生成活性更强的O-酰基异脲,接着白杨素C-7位的羟基进攻O-酰基异脲,生成了相对应的酯与EDCI副产物。为了防止在该反应中的O-酰基异脲发生1,3-重排,加入酰基转移试剂DMAP以减少副产物的生成。
以肉桂酸衍生物和白杨素为原料,1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐为缩合剂,4-二甲氨基吡啶为催化剂,二氯甲烷为溶剂,经Steglich酯化反应,合成了14个白杨素肉桂酸酯,收率 43.4%~95.1%。并推测了可能的反应机理。