全国中小学英语学习成绩测试组委会办公室
【试题再现】
III. 短文填空(Cloze)(共10小题,计10分)
(A) 请阅读下面的短文,并根据其内容提示,从方框中所给的7个词语中选出5个,并用其适当形式填空。(每小题1分)
One day in 1912, a farmer in West Virginia had a big 36. ______. He found large yellow fruit growing on a young apple tree. When he sent some of his strange apples to a nursery (育苗场) 37. ______ apple trees were raised, people there offered to buy the tree for $5,000. The farmer agreed.
Since the tree could not be 38. ______, the nursery protected it with a high fence, for if it died, there might never be 39. ______ tree like it anywhere in the world.
Although $5,000 may seem a high price for one apple tree, the nursery knew that they could raise many other trees from it by 40. ______ its branches and grafting (嫁接) them to the roots of strong young trees. And that is just what they did. Thanks to that first tree, we now enjoy Golden Delicious apples today.
【答案】
36. surprise 37. where 38. moved 39. another 40. cutting off
【解題指导】
短文填空题的考查方式是给出一段短文,在短文中留出空格,给出首字母;或者是给出词,从中选择。大家要通读短文,掌握大意,然后补全短文。
英语试卷中,短文体裁非常广泛,可以是科普文、故事、体育甚至文化习俗等。不过,所选的文章,一般都是大家比较熟悉的材料。这是一种短文性很强且难度较大的题型,考查的是大家对短文上下文的理解能力、对单词、词组及句型的运用能力,以及对全文逻辑推理的能力。
短文填空题的正确答题流程应该是这样的:先粗读全文再细读全文,作答,复读,检查。注意:粗读阶段,应学会排除题中空格干扰,直接获取整篇主要信息,以便后续作答环节,利用整篇文章的主旨辨别错误选项。在细读阶段,大家首先应从语法角度直接对题目进行判断。若无法确定答案,则应联系该空格的前后文,获得该题目的提示信息,完成作答。短文填空题的解答,最好按前后顺序完成,当后部题目的解答面临困扰时,可再次精读前文,寻找线索,最终正确作答。
【试题再现】
IV. 补全对话(Dialogue Completion)(共5小题,计5分)
请阅读下面不完整的对话,并根据对话内容选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。有两个多余选项。(每小题1分)
W: Excuse me. Could you help me?
M: Of course.
W: 46. ______
M: Are you new around here?
W: Yes, it's my first visit to London. I'm having difficulty finding my way around. 47. ______
M: Okay, let's take a look at the underground map. You know what? There are nine different underground lines in London.
W: Oh, really? 48. ______
M: I think it's the best way. Your destination is just within a stone's throw from the Westminster Station.
W: I see. 49. ______
M: Let me explain. We're here at Waterloo Station. First take the Northern Line to Embankment.
Then transfer to the Circle or District Line. 50. ______
W: You're very nice. Thank you.
M: Don't mention it. Just be careful not to go toward Temple Station.
【答案】
46—50 FAGCE
【解题指导】
1. 通览全文、领会大意、揣摩话题。解题时应先跳过空格通览全文,了解对话大意,根据对大意的把握,判定语境,揣摩话题。
2. 根据语境、细读选项、选择答案。在把握话题和语境的基础上,针对对话的每一空白处,细读所提供的选项,认真分析它们之间的异同,依据对话有关情景内容,选择正确的答案。
3. 通盘考虑、前后联想、先易后难。要从对话整体理解出发,依照上、下问答的逻辑顺序来考虑所选择的答案。要先解决有把握的、容易的,再回头补选较难的。
4. 通读对话、义形结合、验证答案。将对话补全之后,再将整段对话通读一遍,逐一验证答案。所选的答案不仅语义上要符合语境,而且要保证语言正确,做到说话得体。
【试题再现】
V. 翻译(Translation)(共5小题,计10分)
(A) 请将下面短文中的划线句子译成汉语。(每小题2分)
Whittier (惠蒂尔) in Alaska is an unusual town for many reasons. It is a hundred miles from the nearest city, and it has no roads that lead to any cities or towns. The winds are too strong for planes and boats, so the only way to enter or leave Whittier is by train. 51. But the most unusual thing about Whittier is that most of the people who live there live in the same building!
The buildings in Whittier include a store, a fire station, a restaurant, a small apartment house, and a fourteen-story apartment building where most people live. The big apartment is also home for the police, post office, school, church, library, museum, two theatres, and business offices.
52. Whatever the people want is almost always in their own house.
(B) 请根据括号内所给的提示,将下列句子译成英语。(每小题2分)
53. 他对北京了如指掌,一定是去过那里。(表示推测的情态动词)
54. 迈克把所有的积蓄都捐给了那些贫困家庭。(donate)
55. 这首歌曲让我想起了童年的美好时光。(remind... of...)
【答案】
51. 但是惠蒂尔最与众不同之处是大部分当地居民都居住在同一栋大楼内。
52. 人们所需的一切几乎都在他们自己的房子里。
53. He knows Beijing very well / He is familiar with Beijing, so he must have been there.
54. Mike donated / donates / has donated all of his savings to the / those poor families.
55. This song reminds me of the good days / times of my childhood.
【解题指导】
1. 直译。一般说来,英语习语如在形、义上与汉语习语全同或是基本相同的常可采用直译,原习语中的比喻或形象能为汉语读者所接受的有时也可以采用直译。
2. 套译。套译就是借用汉语成语来翻译。由于文化背景不同,原文的形象有时不符合中国习俗,如直译出来寓意就会颇为费解,或原文的形象引起另一種联想,从而影响到原文意思的准确传达,这时大多可以采用套译。英汉习语形异义似时,有时可采用这种译法。
3. 意译。当直译原文结果会令人费解或造成误解时,如使用套译的结果不理想,还可以采用意译。