方言是一包什么药

泓一飞

What Kind of Medicine for Dialect

——Thoughts on Reading The People of Chongqing Will Never Do Things Sloppily

Article | Hong Yifei

方言是一包药，可解躁，解乏，还能去体病，心病，为何？

因为方言里藏了无穷的机巧，人情世故，懂了，江湖无非是快意恩仇，不懂的，就当听个笑话，事后想起来，还能余味无穷。

对方言的辑录、探究，古已有之。早有西汉时期四川人杨雄的《方言》，后有当下林林总总的方言图册。不过，我觉得，《重庆人绝不拉稀摆带》更有特点。为重庆方言追根溯源，从《红楼梦》《金瓶梅》里找出处，在《水浒传》《三侠五义》中觅踪影，读来，陡增趣见博识，更加热恋一方风土对古汉语的继承。

《重庆人绝不拉稀摆带》可算是一部集方言、民俗、掌故于一体，闲趣满满的巴蜀风情录。

Dialect is a package of medicine. which can solve irri-tability， fatigue， but also relieve physical illness and anxi-ety， why？

Because the dialect conceals endless ingenuity and traditionalcode of conduct， if you understand it， Jianghu is nothing but joy-fulness and enrnity， but if you don't understand it， you just take itas a joke， leaving a lasting and pleasant impression when think of itafterwards.

The compilation and exploration of dialects have existedsince ancient times. From Dialect wrote by Yang Xiong，a nativeof Sichuan Province as early as the Western Han Dynasty to manycurrent dialect illustrated books.I feel that The People of ChongqingWill Never Do Things Sloppily is more characteristic，tracing the originof Chongqing dialect. finding the source from A Dream of Red Man-sions and Jin Ping Mei，and finding traces in Water Margin and Three Chiv-alry and Five Righteousness. Reading it will have more fun and broadenthe horizon， making us to more passionate about the inheritanceof ancient Chinese to natural and social customs of one place.

The People of Chongqing Will Never Do Things Sloppily could be re-garded the Bashu customs full of fun. with integration of dia-lect. folklore and anecdote.

此书布局宏大，分类精当，阐释生动。

全书分为成谋篇、人情篇、形容篇、性格篇、饮食篇，纳重庆言子近百条——打响片儿、观火、豁飘、叉巴、哦喝、三脚猫、打幺台……其诗化故事、俗下人生、史海钩沉、时髦新语，勾连成章，智趣丰盈。

重庆方言“夜不收”，来源于元代的古语。强雯引述元杂剧、讲明东厂故事，夜不收的间谍身份，到今天演变成了夜猫子。作者写得个欢欢腾腾、氤氤氲氲，那商贩、民工、编辑、警察、球迷、主持人、读书郎一起入文，呈现出林林总总的市井生活，读来足见世态百相，如品文化盛宴，除明其象外，还明其趣，明其理，明其戒斥。字里行间荡恢弘之气，散悠雅之情。

重庆方言“丁对与丁不对”，作者除述其渊源，还拽拔出潘金莲与李瓶儿的纠葛，牵涉上曾国藩和左宗棠的袍割;重庆方言“打眼”，如今形容重慶美女，也不过是古义今用。西厢记的作者王实甫，在他的另一部元杂剧《破窑记》中，就已经对“打眼”有了活脱脱的描绘，颜值高叫“打眼”，才入得我的法眼，原来古人和今人趣味皆同，让人莞尔。

作者强雯梳理方言，不作机械辑录，不作学究派束之高阁的语法枯解，而是引出一个个小故事——历代嘉后鸿儒，四相迭现;今间莽夫细婆，五味杂陈。鸿爪雪泥，信手拈来，重庆人的宽容、温馨、世故、狡黠、睿智便展露无遗。巴山之耿直、渝水之柔顺便会在我们的行品中生根、开花。

The book is grand in layout， well-classified and vivid in explanation.

The book is divided into plot part，human feelings part， description part，personality part and diet part， includingclose to one hundred Chongqing dialects-Da Xiang Pian'er， Guan Huo， HuoPiao. Cha Ba. Oh Ho. San Jiao Mao. DaYao Tai...featuring poetic story， vulgarlife， historical stories. fashionable newlanguage to be connected into chapters ，rich in wisdom and interest.

Chongqing dialect "Ye Bu Shou" isderived from the ancient saying in YuanDynasty. By quoting Yuan dram a， QiangWen tells the story of Dongchang and thespy identity of Ye Bu Shou . evolving intothe dialect Ye Mao Zi today. The authordepicts a joyous and misty atmosphere，with merchant， migrant worker. editor，policeman ， fan. host and reader all wrotetogether， showing a wide range of life inthe marketplace. Reading it， one can seethe various aspects of the world， justlike tasting the culture feast. In additionto revealing its image， one can also seeits fun. its reason and its reprimand.Magnificent glamor swings among thelines . scattering elegant feeling.

For the Chongqing dialect "DingDui and Ding Bu Dui" ， in addition to itsorigin， the author also raises Pan Jinlianand Li Pinger' s entanglement. andconnects to intercourse between ZengGuofan and Zuo Zongtang ; regarding theChongqing dialect "Da Yan" . now it isused to describe the beautiful woman inChongqing， which is just making use ofancient meaning for today' s application.Wang Shifu， the author of The Romance ofthe Western Chamber， already gives a vividdepiction of "Da Yan" in his other Yuandrama ， A Tale of a Broken Kiln. Only whenhe calls it "Da Yan" for high appearancevalue person can he like it. It turns out thatboth the ancients and the present peoplehave the same tastes and make us smile.

The author Qiang Wen combs thedialect， does not make the mechanicalcompilation. does not explain the grammarCctory one by one—Learned scholarS Overpast dyrlaSties are kept on appearing in foUrphase;the booriSh fellows and Slim ladieSare filled With miXed feelingS at preSent.Picking up gOOSe foot prints and snowmud at random demonStrateS toleranCe.warmth，sophiStication，cunning，wisdomof Chongqing people.The straightforwardof BaShan and the gentle of Yushui will takeroot and blossom in our Works.

侧身寰宇，方言无处不在。

据统计，世界七大语系之一的印欧语系就包含443种方言，使用人口30亿;中国使用人口散落的客家话就有7000万。

戏剧、民族节日、外来民工都需要方言，方言保护亟不可待。強雯此书，已展现了其作家责任。国内从l934年陈龙辉的《台湾语法》到2003年方小燕的《广州方言句末语气词》，已有几十种研究方言的书籍，但都落入学究而深锁闺中，强雯之书颇具实用性，徜徉其书园，真是欣欣然——妙语满枝，乡音在耳。

其实，作者强雯乃山城人，自小对重庆方言耳濡目染。方言式微的今天，她还多次到巫溪、秀山、潼南、涪陵的乡镇、村庄，寻找几近消失的方言，观火、搞豪、老火……这些粗犷而嘹亮的重庆诨语，暗藏独特的地方文化。强雯以如椽之笔，记述故事、体味情理，为生生不息的乡音——重庆方言代言。说到做到，一言九鼎，重庆人就来一句“绝不拉稀摆带”;朋友衣锦还乡来个“打响片”;疼惜爱人受苦，偏偏嘴上不饶人，来句“脸青面黑”;刻薄不办人事，只会败家子的，叫“装正神”。重庆人的诙谐和幽默，在方言中，比比皆是。

Dialects are ubiquitous all over theworld.

According to the statistics-Indo-European language family ， one of theseven largest language families in theworld ， contains 443 dialects . withpopulation of 3 billion using them ; inChina. there are 70 million people usescattered Hakka dialect.

Dialect is required for drama . nationalfestivals and migrant workers. and dialectprotection is very vital. Qiang Wen's bookhas shown her responsibility as a writer.From Chen Longhui' s Grammar of Taiwanin 1934 to Fang Xiaoyan' s Modal Particles atthe End of Sentences in Guangzhou Dialect in 2003 .there have been dozens of books on dialectstudies in China . but all of them havefallen into the academic study. The bookwrote by Qiang Wen is fully practical.feeling joyful while wandering its bookgarden-dotting with wonderful wordswith local accent hovering around the ear.

In fact， the author Qiang Wen is a nativeof the mountain city and has been impressedby Chongqing dialect since childhood. Attoday' s era when dialect is declining ， sheeven visited to Wuxi. Xiushan. Tongnan，Fuling's townships and villages ， lookingfor almost disappeared dialect. Guan Huo，Gao Hao. Lao Huo ...these rough andloud Chongqing target language hiddensunique local culture. Qiang Wen， with herbig writing brush. describes the story，appreciates the reason sense， and speaks forthe endless local sound-Chongqing dialect.Say what you say and do it， and the peopleof Chongqing will say， Never do thingssloppily; say "Da Xiang Pian" whenfriends return to their hometown; care withlover for suffering ， but not forgive peopleon the mouth. to say "Lian Qing MianHei"; If you are mean and do the despicablethings， but only ruin the family， that'Scalled "Zhuang Zheng Shen". The wit andhumor of Chongqing people can be foundeverywhere in the dialect.

方言就是我們的乡情、乡愁永恒的载体。

强雯的视角既有广角，也有特写。方言在普通话、互联网，在学生、民工、商旅轻松走天下的大环境下踉跄前行。方言因城镇化而边缘化、夹缝化、老龄化，但方言是地域、民族文化的代表：不论是秦腔嘶吼、吴侬软语，不论是来自市井的“焦苦”“溜酸”、《诗经》的“弗虑弗图”（无考虑）、《水调歌头》的“明月‘几时’有”，不论是东北话的形象、豪爽，维族语的铿锵、眉飞色舞，都是中华大地奇妙的人文景观。埋葬于地下的文字破译、古代历史解读、诗词韵律判断、戏剧演出都需要方言。

相逢意气为君饮，是重庆人的性格，也是《重庆人绝不拉稀摆带》一书的气质。重庆方言以巴蜀方言为基础，并受全国通用语、历代移民语、周边方言影响，形成了土家话、苗家话、泯江小片、土广东话、老湖广话等，以风趣、幽默赢得人民喜爱。

重庆方言听上去很俗，其实很雅，这大概就是《重庆人绝不拉稀摆带》希望传递的光芒。

古汉语的继承和发展，在本书中管窥一豹。而作者强雯无疑是以一己之力吹响了记录、保护、传承方言文化的号角。

Dialect is the eternal carrier of ourhomesickness and nostalgia.

The perspective of Qiang Wen is bothwide-angel and close-up. The dialectis staggering forward against the bigenvironment in which the widespreadutilization of mandarin on the Internetand by the students， migrant workers andbusinessman during traveling. Dialectis marginalized， segmented and agedbecause of urbanization， but dialect isthe representative of region and nationalculture： no matter it is the roar of Qinopera or Wu Nong soft language; whetherit is from the market. "jiao Ku" "LiuSuan" . "Fu Lv Fu Tu" in Book of Odes（without consideration）， "Ming Yue" "jiShi" and "You" in Prelude To Water Melody;whether the imagery and straightforwardof the Northeast dialect， ching-changand beam with joy of Uighur language-are the wondrous cultural landscape ofthe Chinese land. Dialect is needed forthe interpretation of characters buriedunderground ， the interpretation of ancienthistory， the judgment of prosody ofpoems ， and theatrical performances.

Congenial get together， drink heartilyrepresents the personality of Chongqingpeople ， but also the temperament of thebook The People of Chongqing Will Never Do ThingsSloppily. Chongqing dialect is based on Bashudialect. and influenced by the nationalcommon language ， immigrant languageand surrounding dialects， forming Tujiadialect ， Miao dialect， Minjiang dialect ，Tuguangdong dialect and Laohuguangdialect. which are popular with the peoplefor their humor and wit.

Chongqing dialect sounds veryvulgar， but in fact it is very elegant，this is probably the rays of light thatThe People of Chongqing Will Never Do ThingsSloppily hope to convey hopes to deliver.

This book only reflects small parts ofthe inheritance and development of ancientChinese. While the author Qiang Wen takesadvantage of her own strength to record ，protect and inherit the dialect culture.