中考定语从句解题四个方法

2020-09-10 07:22王峰

初中生学习指导·中考版 2020年9期

关键词：中作先行代词

王峰

一、观察法

这里的观察具体包括：观察先行词，观察引导词的位置，观察定语从句所缺的句子成分。请看下列试题：

1. I hate people don’t help others when they are in trouble（2019·安徽·合肥）

A. who B. which C. whose D. where

解析：正确答案为A。考查定语从句引导词的用法。通过观察发现，先行词为people，引导词处于主语的位置，定语从句所缺句子成分为主语。先行词为those， they，all， persons，people ，he，anyone，one时，定语从句用关系代词who来引导，不用that，故选A。

2. Being blind is something most people can’ t imagine（2019·浙江·杭州）

A. who B. what C. that D. whom

解析：正确答案为C。本题考查定语从句只用关系代词that不用which的情况。通过观察发现，先行词为something，引导词处于宾语的位置，定语从句所缺句子成分为宾语。当先行词为something，anything等不定代词时，定语从句只用关系代词that不用which，故选C。

二、代入法

定语从句与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定成分。同时，定语从句的引导词代指其前面的先行词。比如，Tom was the last student who I met in the park. 引导词who代指的就是其前面的先行词 the last student 。由此，我们可以采取将先行词代入到从句中的方法来判定定语从句的引导词。

1. — What kind of music do you like？

— I like music I can dance to.（2019·四川·宜宾）

A. because B. when C. who D. that

解析：正确答案是D。将先行词music代入到定语从句 I can dance to中，从句变为 I can dance to music. 该句子成分完整，符合逻辑，意义通达。显然，先行词music在定语从句中作介词to的宾语，排除because与when，又因music为物，排除who，故选D。

2. Teenagers like reading the books are written by Guo Jingjing （2019·天津）

A. who B what C. whose D. that

解析：正确答案是D。将先行词the books代入到定语从句“______ are written by Guo Jingjing”中，从句变为The books are written by Guo Jingjing.该句子成分完整，符合逻辑，意义通达。显然，先行词the books 在定语从句中作主语，同时 the books 为物，故选D。

三、对比法

1. — Linda ， can you tell me something about Mo Yan？

— Sure. He is the writer won the Nobel（诺贝尔）Literature Prize . （2019·广西·南宁）

A. which B. whose C. who D. whom

解析：正确答案是C。考查定语从句引导词的用法。因为which先行词为物;whose 先行词为人或物，作定语，后必须接名词;who先行词是人，作主、宾、表语;whom先行词为人，只作宾语。根据先行词the writer是人，作主语，故选C。

2. A We Chat（微信）is an invention can help people talk to friends， share photos， ideas and feeling freely（2019·甘肃·蘭州）

A. which B. who C. whose D. /

解析：正确答案是A。考查定语从句引导词的用法。因为which先行词为物，作主、宾语;who先行词为人，作主、宾语、表语;whose先行词为人或物，作定语，后必须接名词。根据先行词an invention是物，作主语，故选A。

四、分析法

1. This is the primary school I studied three years ago（2019·福建·福州）

A. where B. when C. that D. which

解析：正确答案是A。考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词是the primary school，分析定语从句“I studied three years ago ”，可以发现该句属于典型的主语+谓语的结构（studied为不及物动词，后不接宾语），three years ago为时间状语。可判断先行词the primary school在该定语从句中作地点状语。关系副词where通常在定语从句中作地点状语，故选A。

2. I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together（2019·山西·太原）

A. when;which B .which ;when C. what;that D. on which ;when

解析：正确答案是A。两个先行词the day 都是表示时间的名词。第一个定语从句we worked together 中缺少状语，所以，第一个空要填的引导词在从句中作状语，要用关系副词when/on which ;在第二个定语从句we spent together中，缺少宾语，第二个空要填的引导词在从句中作动词spent的宾语，因此要用关系代词which或that。综合分析，答案选A。

☆【真题演练】（2019年各地中考题）

1. Mary Smith says she likes to have friends are different from her.

（贵州·贵阳）

A. whose B .which C. who

2. I hate those don’ t help others when they are in trouble. （广东·广州）

A. who B. which C .what D. where

3. The girl catches the flowers on a wedding will be the next to get married.

（四川·成都）

A. whom B. which C. who D. whose

4. I can’t forget the time the earthquake happened in Yushu.

（黑龙江·哈尔滨）

A. when B. which C. where

5. Steve Jobs is one of the persons founded Apple Computer Company. His death marked the end of an era（时代）. （江苏·南京）

A. who B. whom C. which D. /

6. — Now many people smoke and get ill.（广西·玉林）

— So we should do something can help stop smoking.

A. what B. who C. / D. that

7. I still remember the time we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year.

（湖北·黄石）

A. when B. what C. who D. which

8. We all like the story about the teacher happened in our School last week.

（湖南·长沙）

A. which B. who C. whom D. what

9. Mr. Smith is smoking is looking for she lost yesterday.

（湖北·武汉）

A. whom; which B. who; what C. that; who D. which; where

10. It’s bad for health to hurry to move into a house has New furniture in it.（上海）

A. who B. where C. that

11. I’ll never forget the day the great scientist came to our school and gave

us a speech.（陜西·西安）

A. that B. which C. when D. where

12. It’s interesting that there are many people speak French in Canada.

（四川·成都）

A. which B. where C. who