Module 2 The Renaissance

本模块知识网络

motivate   v.

tax   v.

dash   v.

flee   v.

appeal   v.

circulate   v.

seek   v.

squeeze   v.

inspire   v.

calculate   v.

subject   n.

work   n.

effect   n.

shade   n.

frontier   n.

tank   n.

ferry   n.

anecdote   n.

liberty   n.

spokesman   n.

burglar   n.

basement   n.

courtyard   n.

passerby   n.

moustache   n.

parcel   n.

crossing   n.

crossroads   n.

sideroad   n.

suspect   n.

loss   n.

behalf   n.

drawback   n.

substitute   n.

debt   n.

outcome   n.

blame   n.

press   n.

official   n.

profession   n.

disturbing   adj.

dull   adj.

skilled   adj.

overnight   adj.

authentic   adj.

antique   adj.

tentative   adj.

chief   adj.

fundamental   adj.

superb   adj.

confidential   adj.

gifted   adj.

movable   adj.

basically   adv.

merely   adv.

常用短語

depend on

in history

leave for

leave sth behind

on behalf of

get tired of doing sth

at liberty

up to

lead to

take up

词汇短语园地

1. appeal   v.   恳求;呼吁

搭配：

（1） appeal to sb （for sth） （为某事）呼吁/恳请某人

He appealed to his friends for help.

他向朋友们请求帮助。

（2） appeal to sb to do sth   呼吁/恳请某人做某事

The police appealed to the crowd to keep calm.

警察呼吁群众保持冷静。

（1） appeal   v.   上诉;有吸引力

搭配：

appeal against sth   不服某事而上诉

He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given.

他对被判五年有期徒刑提出上诉。

appeal to sb   迎合某人的爱好;吸引某人

The idea appealed to Mary.

这主意正合玛丽的心意。

（2） appeal   n.   呼吁，恳求;上诉;吸引力

The country has made an appeal for help to the world.

那个国家向世界求助。

The new fashion soon lost its appeal.

这种新潮流很快就失去了吸引力。

2. loss   n.   丢失;丧失

The loss of her purse caused her much inconvenience.

丢失钱包给她带来了诸多不便。

The loss of income for the government is about $250 million a month.

政府收入每月减少大概2.5亿美元。

3. seek   v.   寻找;寻求

We sought （for） an answer to the question， but couldnt find one.

我们寻求这个问题的答案，可是没能找到。

Most men seek wealth; all men seek happiness.

大多数人寻求财富，每个人都追求幸福。

seek advice/help/permission   征求建议/寻求帮助/征求同意

seek fame   追求名利

seek ones fortune   寻找致富（或成功）的机会

seek for/after   寻求;追求

seek sth from sb   向某人寻求某物

seek to do sth   试图做某事

辨析：

比较seek，find和search

（1） seek“寻找;探索”，一般用于抽象意义，有时也表示渴望得到某一具体的东西，是比较正式的书面用语。它既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，作不及物动词表“寻找;探索”时，既可接after也可接for。

（2） find“找到”，强调“寻找”的结果。

（3） search“搜寻;搜查”，后接要搜查的场所;后接人时指“搜身”。

4. blame   n.  （对错事或坏事应付的）责任

搭配：

（1） accept/bear/take the blame for sth   对某事负责任

You must bear the blame for the accident.

你必須承担造成这次事故的责任。

We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.

我们愿对所发生的事负责。

（2） put/lay the blame on sb   （将某事）归咎于某人

Shell put the blame on us if it turns out badly.

如果结果糟糕，她将会怪罪于我们。

He is trying to lay the blame on me.

他企图把责任推给我。

blame   v.   责备;指责;把……归咎于

搭配：

（1） blame sb for sth/doing sth   为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事

Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.

许多孩子害怕讲英语时犯错误受到责备。

He blamed his teachers for his failure.

他把自己的失败归咎于他的老师。

（2） blame sth on sb   把某事归咎于某人

The police blamed the traffic accident on Jacks careless driving.

警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。

Its no use blaming our defeat on him.

把我们的失败归罪在他头上是没用的。

（3） be to blame （for sth）   （对坏事）负有责任

注意：此处不能用被动语态。

The children were not to blame for the accident.

那次事故怪不着孩子们。

He is more to blame than you.

是他更应受责备，而不是你。

Who is to blame for starting the fire？

这场火灾该由谁负责？

5. leave for   出发去某地

（1）“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”

Next Friday， Alice is leaving for London.

下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦。

He left for the front two weeks ago.

两星期前，他出发去了前线。

（2）“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”

Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing？

你为什么要离开上海去北京？

6. lead to  导致，通向，通往

All roads lead to Rome.

条条道路通罗马。

Under given conditions， a bad thing can lead to good results.

在一定条件下，一件坏事可以导致好的结果。

An ordinary cold can soon lead to a fever.

一场普通的感冒很快便会引起高烧。

辨析：

比较lead to和result in

Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.

This investment program will lead to the creation of new jobs.

从以上句子可以看到，lead to的主语（即引起事情发生的主动方）多是一个动态的动作或计划，其宾语（即被引起的事情）无严格的消极与积极之分，而且多用于描述客观的可能性和对未来的预测。

The accident resulted in the death of two passengers.

These policies resulted in many elderly and disabled people suffering hardship.

从以上句子可以看到，result in的主语多是静态、客观的一件事或物，其宾语通常是不良或消极的结果，而且多用于描述已经发生的事件。

7. take up   从事，开始做（某项工作）

After he retired from office， Rogers took up painting for a while， but soon lost interest.

罗杰斯退休以后开始画画，但没多久就失去兴趣了。

He had studied Japanese for a year and a half before he took up English.

他开始学习英语之前已经学了一年半日语。

We took up physical chemistry at college.

在大學我们选学了物理化学课。

The scientist has taken up a new subject.

这位科学家已经开始研究一个新的课题。

（1） take up （time/space）   占用（时间）/占据（空间）

That big table takes up too much room.

那张大桌子占的地方太大了。

Learning English takes up a lot of my time.

学英语占了我许多时间。

That boy took my time up with his questions.

那个男孩的问题浪费了我的时间。

（2） take up   继续;接着讲

We took up our journey the next day.

第二天我们继续赶路。

This chapter takes up where the last one left off.

本章继续上一章谈到的内容。

（3） take up   接纳（乘客等）;接受（挑战、建议、条件等）

The bus stopped to take up passengers.

公共汽车停下来让乘客上车。

He has taken up the bet.

他已接受打赌的条件。

（4） take up   提出（商讨），讨论

Theres another matter which we ought to take up.

还有一件事我们要提出来商量。

跟踪导练

阅读理解

A

Author Walter Dean Myers died at the age of 76 after a brief illness. He was the author of more than 100 books for children and young adults and received many top awards.

The prolific author was loved for his vivid description of the lives of African American children， and for writing books for young people that covered difficult subjects like war and violence. “Drugs， drive-by shootings， wasted lives—Myers has written about all these subjects with deep understanding and a hard-won， qualified sense of hope，” said Leonard S. Marcus.

He was born in 1937 and was adopted by Florence and Herbert Dean after his mother died when he was 18 months old. They loved him very much and his adoptive mother read to him from a very young age. Reading pushed him to discover worlds beyond his landscape.

He began writing at an early age. He wrote well in high school and an English teacher recognized this and advised him to keep on writing  no matter what happened to him. “Its what you do，” she said.

He dropped out of high school at 17 and joined the army. After finishing his service， he entered a dark period in his life. Myers began writing at night to pull himself through that miserable time.

In a New York Times essay published several years ago， Myers described how a short story by James Baldwin helped change the course of his life. “I didnt love the story， but I was lifted by it，” he wrote， “for it took place in Harlem， and it was a story concerned with black people like those I knew. His story humanized me. The story gave me a permission that I didnt know I needed， the permission to write about my own landscape， my own map.”

“I write books or the troubled boy I once was，” he wrote， “and for the boy who lives within me still.”

1. What does the underlined word “prolific” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？

A. Productive. B. Unfortunate.

C. Conservative. D. Humorous.

2. What does the second paragraph mainly tell us？

A. How popular Myers was.

B. How Myers became successful.

C. What makes Myers works popular.

D. What people think of Myers works.

3. Who discovered Myers writing talent？

A. James Baldwin. B. His adoptive mother.

C. Leonard S. Marcus. D. One of his teachers.

4. Why was the short story by James Baldwin so important for Myers？

A. It helped him survive the dark period.

B. It inspired him to seek his writing career.

C. He learned many writing techniques from it.

D. He changed his view about writing stories.

B

The works of Shakespeare and Wordsworth are boosters （助推器） to the brain and better than some guide books， researchers said.

Scientists， psychologists and English experts at Liverpool University have found that reading the works of Shakespeare and other classical writers has a beneficial effect on the mind， catches the readers attention and triggers moments of self-reflection. Using scanners， they monitored the brain activity of volunteers as they read works by William Shakespeare， William Wordsworth， T. S. Eliot and other classical writers.

They then “translated” the original texts into more “straightforward” modern language and again monitored the readers brains as they read the words. Scans showed that the more “challenging” essays and poetry set off far more electrical activity in the brain than the much plainer versions. Scientists were able to study the brain activity as it responded to each word and record how it “lit up” as the readers encountered unusual words， surprising phrases or difficult sentence structures. This “lighting up” of the mind lasts longer， shifting （轉动） the brain to a higher speed， encouraging further reading.

The research also found that reading poetry， in particular， increases activity in the right side of the brain， helping readers to reflect on their own experiences， which they compare with what they have read. This， according to the researchers， meant that the classical works were more useful than guide books.

Philip Davis， an English professor， believes “The research shows the power of literature to shift thinking patterns， to create new thoughts， shapes and connections in the young and adults alike.”

5. According to the text， reading classical works can ___ .

A. improve our reading skills

B. benefit our mind and thinking

C. help learn more about history

D. help deal with physical problems

6. How did the scientists and experts do the experiment？

A. By learning the habits of the readers.

B. By reading works of different writers.

C. By scanning the readers brain activities.

D. By lighting up the activities of the brains.

7. What can we learn about reading poetry from Paragraph 4？

A. It has the same effects as reading guide books.

B. Its concerned with the right side of the brain.

C. It helps readers learn more difficult grammar.

D. It makes readers forget about their troubles.

8. What is the authors purpose in writing the text？

A. To present a study on brain activities.

B. To show the power of classical literature.

C. To introduce a research on reading classics.

D. To appreciate what great writers in England have done.

閱读七选五

There are many factors which may have an influence on adults and children being able to lead a healthy life.

Nowadays， people are very busy.  Children are expected to take on more responsibility at home to help their parents. They also have sporting and leisure activities as well as school expectations.

The busyness also adds another factor： The need to use cars to get from one place to another quickly.  Computers， DVDs， CDs， television， PlayStations and Xboxes have become major leisure activities， rather than traditional more active pursuits （消遣）. This has led to a lifestyle of less exercise.

Unfortunately， they also promote fast food which fits easily into busy lifestyles. It is much more convenient at times to buy a quick takeaway rather than prepare a meal. The media constantly bombard （轰炸） their audience with “perfect” body images， the need to buy the most fashionable clothes， the most up?-to-?date computer games， the best places to visit and the best things to do.

Environments vary.  This can be harmful to people who suffer from breathing difficulties. Environments where passive smoking is unavoidable make it difficult to lead a healthy life.

Any person who wants to be healthy will find a way to be healthy—if he or she is motivated enough！

A. People are living in a bad air environment.

B. Often， both parents work outside the home.

C. The media provide entertainment and information.

D. Today society places a lot of emphasis on technology.

E. Advertisements play an important role in peoples life.

F. We may be exposed to pollution， such as cigarette

smoke.

G. Perhaps the most important factor is motivation or the

desire to be healthy.

1.                2.                3.                4.                5.

完形填空

History has some very special qualities about it. It is a  of what has happened in the past， and the really interesting thing is that much of history has been  time and again. It allows us to learn from the past， both the  made and the successes achieved.

One of the  of history is that it allows us to know how famous people  when they were faced with challenges in their . Although these challenges happened at a certain time in the past or in a  country or culture， all of them can always teach us something .

Take for example the  of Thomas Edison and how many times he  while on the road to finally inventing the light bulb （電灯泡）. He could be held out as a（n）  of a person who never stopped trying. I am sure he was  by those difficulties but he did not let them stop him. He had a  and he just kept trying until he reached success.

Or， think about the story of Abraham Lincoln who  to become President of the United States even though he suffered   hearing losses. Most of us only know about his . In fact， his life was not a（n）  one. His story makes us keep moving forward no matter what  we have in life.

These true history stories will make you  to reconsider giving up going after your dreams even though you may not think you have the courage or the  now to get what you have always wanted. They could help you make decisions and  when you have no idea what to do. They could inspire you to be all that you can be.

1. A. note B. belief C. chance D. record

2. A. reported B. expected C. repeated D. corrected

3. A. mistakes B. jokes C. agreements D. challenges

4. A. events B. periods C. problems D. advantages

5. A. studied B. reacted C. changed D. explored

6. A. life B. time C. work D. past

7. A. developed B. poor C. different D. popular

8. A. wonderful B. simple C. special D. useful

9. A. name B. story C. position D. character

10. A. failed B. watched C. escaped D. traveled

11. A. example B. hero C. scientist D. engineer

12. A. shocked  B. beaten C. discouraged D. controlled

13. A. job  B. dream C. duty  D. thought

14. A. happened B. prepared C. proposed D. managed

15. A. success B. suffering C. struggle D. experience

16. A. easy B. funny C. good D. right

17. A. directions B. promises C. permissions D. difficulties

18. A. refuse B. stop C. continue D. regret

19. A. ability B. habit C. goal D. choice

20. A. comments B. conversations

C. judgments D. impressions

语法填空

“If youre talking to me in a noisy restaurant and my nerve system （神经系统） is good at locking onto the sound of your voice， I can understand  you say better.”

The research at Northwestern University shows that playing a musical instrument is good for your brain. And the brain  （remember） how to “lock onto” the important sounds， although our ears may not work well as we age， and that helps us to hear better.

A scientist， living in France twenty years ago，  （write） about what he called the “Mozart Effect”. He said that it could be helpful to the brain when  （listen） to the classical music of Mozart. Some  （research） said that Mozarts music would make you much  （smart）， or even have some health disorders  （cure）. Others said that there was nothing special about Mozarts music. Any kind of high energy music would work. So if the cost of a musical instrument or music lessons is too costly， can we get  same brain experience just by listening？

Usually people have teachers， or they can teach themselves music. However， the point is that theyre  （active） playing a musical instrument and engaging   making music instead of listening to music passively.

1.                2.                3.                4.                5.

6.                7.                8.                9.                10.

短文改錯

Before lunch Allen happened to see a man fished in a water hole about five meter outside a bar. Allen was stopped curiously. All people passing the man who was fishing regarded him like a foolish man. Allens heart went out to him. He said kindly to fish-catcher， “Hello， will you please do me a favor but have a drink with me in the bar？” The man gladly accepted her invitation. After buying the man several cups of soft-drinks， Allen asked， “You are fishing there， right？ May I know how much fish you have caught this morning？” “You are number 8，” said the man humorous.