“童话大王”冰波的一颗童心

2020-07-20 00:31孙雯
文化交流 2020年7期
关键词:郭敬明养蚕桑叶

孙雯

作为从课本中走出来的童话作家,冰波对于青少年的影响是可想而知的,而且影响的不仅仅是一代人。

700多种、900多册——在杭州少年儿童图书馆,有无数面书墙承载着这样的容量,看似并不稀奇。

可是,当你注意到这些书的作者是同一人时,你是否会油然而生一种震撼感。

这些书,全部出自儿童文学作家冰波先生。

他把自创作以来出版的儿童文学作品,全部捐赠给杭州少年儿童图书馆,建造起一座独家馆藏。其中,包括20世纪80年代的骑订本小图画书,也包括“百年百部中国儿童文学经典书系”纪念版的大部头图书。而且,每一本书的扉页,冰波都郑重地签上名字,他想为孩子们打造一座阅读的城池。

当然,冰波的作品不限于此。前不久,他的《夏夜的梦》(Dream of a Summer Night)推出了英文版,带着他的一颗童心,走向世界各地的孩子们。

早熟与童心并不矛盾

从1979年发表《造房子》开始,到2020年,冰波的童话创作已经超过40年。

一个人的故事,往往都要从童年讲起。

那时,他是一个早熟的男孩。那些早熟的往事,还被他的母亲写进了一篇回忆文章——

他从12岁开始,就为家里买菜了。从前的买菜可不像现在,那时候菜很少。买菜对大人来说,也是一件非常辛苦的事,通常要在清晨天还没亮就起来,到菜场去排两小时的队,否则,就会什么也买不到。当时,他就告诉过我,在菜场里,从来没有见到过像他那么小的孩子在买菜的。他说的时候,显得很骄傲,认为自己很能干。可他不知道我听了心里很难过。

回望自己的经历,冰波希望今天的小朋友当中,有更多的人早熟——“早熟是自己做各种各样的事情”。

今天小朋友能做的事情,已经少之又少了,即使如此,冰波认为,除了必须要做的事情之外,小朋友要多做生活中的事情。

他打了个比方:“我自己做个凳子,我来修一下自行车,在这个过程中,可以学到很多技能,不知不觉中,我就比人家的技能多了,智慧就高了。”

当然,也包括养蚕宝宝。

眼下,正是杭州小学生的养蚕季。当我们聊到这个话题时,冰波连说了两遍:“蚕宝宝的这个事情,真的要说一下。”

对今天的孩子而言,老师布置的养蚕任务并不难,即使城市中最难采的桑叶,也可以很方便地在网上买到。

童年的冰波,每年都养蚕宝宝,数量维持在三四十条,但桑叶只能在一个多小时步行距离的杭州郊区才能采到。

说到采桑叶,冰波至今记得那些费尽脚力走到桑田后的瞬间——

贼头贼脑地左顾右盼,心狂跳着,匆忙地摘些桑叶塞进小小的口袋里,时间不敢超过一分钟,然后赶紧逃走,只有回到了大路上,才觉得已经安全。然后再走一个多小时回家,豪迈得像个将军。

冰波觉得,自己当年在养蚕的过程中得到的东西比今天的小朋友更多。

“我养的蚕我得自己负责。”这个过程中,让人感受到责任、成败、美丑、爱恨。其中,冰波认为最重要的就是责任心,“责任心往往是儿童缺少的,需要我们培养的。”

早熟与童心,看似矛盾,其实不然。

“冰波写的是儿童书,我很高兴。因为我听说,有一颗童心的人不大会老。”这是冰波的母亲对他的期望。

作为一位优秀的童话作家,他果然不负母亲的这句话。与冰波聊天,很容易感受到他那种天然的童心。

那么,童心来自哪里?

“童心是练出来的。”冰波给出的答案有点出人意料,但却是所有儿童文学作家该有的共识——“自己要培养,脑子里要想着这个问题。”

在冰波看来,每个人都有童心,这是毋庸置疑的。但是,随着年龄的增长,因为职业差异,有些人的童心一定会慢慢少下去,而儿童文学作家不同,他的一生,都是一个寻觅童心的过程:不断发现适合孩子的东西,了解孩子的心理,构思属于孩子的故事……

正如冰波说的那样:“要成为一個儿童文学家,你需要一个锻炼的过程,让自己更有童心。”

有三款封面的《毒蜘蛛之死》

作为从课本中走出来的童话作家,冰波对于青少年的影响是可想而知的,而且,他影响的不仅仅是一代人。

2011年,冰波与“80后”代表作家郭敬明有一段交集。当时,郭敬明再版了冰波写于22年前的《毒蜘蛛之死》。这一年,是郭敬明人生的高光时刻,他打造起了自己的“小时代”。

这个版本的《毒蜘蛛之死》很特别,同样的文字内容,郭敬明团队设计了三款封面,而且,这三款外观不同的《毒蜘蛛之死》都上市了,出售的时候,读者可以随机挑选,如果都喜欢,那么三款全拿下。

“这是郭敬明聪明的地方,结果,真的是好多人三本都要。”但是,冰波认为,郭敬明并非是为了卖书,而是出于对这本书的某种情结——“他要做这本书,并且要做得漂亮”。

杭州市少年儿童图书馆的书墙上,这三款《毒蜘蛛之死》都在。

翻开书,可以读到,郭敬明写的序言,其中有这样一句话:“《毒蜘蛛之死》在少年时代留给我的那种类似暗夜力量的震撼至今萦绕于心,甚至大大影响了我的后期的创作。”

“照道理,人家一般不肯这么说的。一个人在做大了的时候,反而将一段往事说得小一点。我倒不是为了把这件事放大到怎么样,只是想说,这反映了一个作家的真诚。”

事实上,冰波与郭敬明并没有见过面,《毒蜘蛛之死》的出版也是通过相关编辑进行的。

“我想说,郭敬明把《毒蜘蛛之死》重新出版,应该是看到这篇作品的潜在生命力,另外,也可以看出郭敬明没有忘记他阅读作品时的体验。或许,一个作家的某一篇作品,真的会影响一个人。就像我读到张天翼的《大林和小林》永远不能忘怀一样。所以,我想说,阅读,真的会改变一个人的人生。”

His mother is happy that the son grew up to write books for children. “I hear that a person with childlike innocence will stay young forever,” says the mother.

Where does that innocence come from for an adult? Bingbos answer is that you need rigorous training and cultivating. This answer is a little bit unexpected but it is the consensus among those who write books for children. For many, innocence is something that eventually gets minimized or lost after one grows up and works for a living. Those who write books for children are different. They make constant and conscious efforts to pursue and maintain that innocence. They work hard to understand children and discover stories suitable for children. “To write books for children, you cultivate yourself and mould your temperament to maintain the innocence you are born with,” remarks the Bingbo.

Bingbos books have influenced more than a generation. In 2011, Guo Jingming, a bestseller writer and blockbuster film director who was born in 1983, reprinted authored in 1989 by Bingbo. Guo read the story when he was a boy. In the foreword for the new edition, Guo recalls that he was deeply impressed by the dark force of the story when he read it as a boy and that the force stays with him and has influenced his writing. Guo created three different cover designs for the new edition. Many readers bought the whole set of books. However, Bingbo and Guo Jingming have never met. The new edition was published through the arrangements of their agents. “The republishing evidences the hidden force of the book. Moreover, it indicates that Guo didnt forget his reading of the story. It may be indeed true that a book can influence a person. I was influenced by a story by Zhang Tianyi. I want to say that reading can really change a persons life,” says Bingbo.

Over the past 40 years as a writer for children, Bingbo has morphed several times. At the first phase, he wanted to write books so that professionals and experts would approve him as a good writer. After the initial phase, he really wanted young readers to like his books. Now he is writing to his hearts content. “In this present part of my career, I want to make headway for a bigger space, greater ease, and greater freedom,” says Bingbo. He began to write a series titled  in 2019. So far he has published the fifth episode. All the episodes are designed to take place within a place called Fort Pumpkin where a full range of characters and objects will become alive.

Bingbo is fruitful in his latest endeavor. So far, some of his new stories have been published overseas, including , , , , and .

Bingbo is upbeat about the childrens book market in China. He notices that books published by overseas companies are now available to young readers in China and that books by Chinese authors will continue to be published overseas, too. He believes that foreign publishers will take the initiative to work closely with Chinese writers in creating books for both Chinese and overseas young readers. “The day will come pretty soon,” Bingbo predicts.

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