词汇短语园地

1. lack   v.   缺乏，缺少

n.   缺乏，匮乏，短缺

Hes good at his job but he seems to lack confidence.

他善于工作，但似乎缺乏信心。

There is a certain lack of enthusiasm for these changes among the membership.

会员对这些变动没有多大热情。

比较：lack和shortage的区别

lack指的是“完全没有或部分缺少”，既表示具体概念，也表示抽象含义，如缺少智力、知识、勇气等;shortage指的是“短缺”，多就量而言。

lack for nothing   什么也不缺

be lacking in   缺少（lacking是形容词）

for/through lack of   因缺少

no lack of   不缺少，足够

2. advance   adj.   预先的，在前的

No advance booking is necessary on most departures.

大多数起程票无须预订。

advance   n.   前进;进步，发展

（1） in advance   在前面;预先，事先

Its cheaper if you book the tickets in advance.

提前订票要便宜一些。

（2） in advance of   在（时间或空间）之前

People were evacuated from the coastal regions in advance of the hurricane.

飓风袭来之前，沿海地带的人已经撤离。

advance   v.   预付;提前，提早

advanced   adj.   先进的;高级的，高等的

3. favour   n.   恩惠，照顾

As a special favour， Ill let you stay up late tonight.

作为对你的特殊恩惠，我允許你今晚迟睡。

Do yourself a favour and wear a helmet on the bike.

要照顾好你自己，骑车时要戴上头盔。

do sb a favour = do a favour for sb   帮某人的忙

in favour of   赞同，支持;看中，选择

in ones favour   以……为受益人

ask a favour of sb   请某人帮忙

4. reply   n.   回答，答复，回信

v.   回答，答复;回应，做出反应

I asked her what her name was but she made no reply.

我问她叫什么名字，但她没有回答。

The senator replied that he was not in a position to comment.

参议员回答说他不宜发表评论。

in reply to   作为对……的答复

reply to   回答，答复

比较：动词reply和answer的区别

reply为正式用语，多指经过考虑的、有针对性的、详细的回答，常用作不及物动词，和介词to连用;answer为一般用语，既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，还可引申为“应答”。

5. absence   n.   缺乏，不存在

The case was dismissed in the absence of definite proof.

此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。

in the absence of   缺少

absence of mind   心不在焉

in ones absence   某人不在期间

absent   adj.   缺席的，不在场的

be absent from   缺席

absent-minded   adj.   心不在焉的

6. interrupt   v.   打断，插嘴

They were interrupted by a knock at the door.

他们被敲门声打断了。

Would you mind not interrupting all the time？

请你别老是插嘴好吗？

interruption   n.   打扰，插嘴，打岔

He ignored her interruptions.

他没有理会她的打岔。

7. imagine   v.    想象

（1） imagine + n.   想象，设想

The house was just as she had imagined it.

这房子正是她所想象的。

（2） imagine + that从句   胡乱猜想……;认为……

Hes always imagining were talking about him behind his back.

他总是胡乱猜想我们在背后说他的闲话。

I dont imagine that theyll refuse.

我认为他们不会拒绝。

（3） imagine （sb） doing sth  想象（某人）做某事

Can you imagine George cooking the dinner？

你能想象乔治做饭吗？

imagination   n.   想象力，想象;幻想物;创造力

imaginative   adj.   富于想象力的;创新的

imaginable   adj.   想象得到的;可想象的

imaginary   adj.   想象中的;幻想的;虚构的

8. purpose   n.   目的，用途

Our campaigns main purpose is to raise money.

我們这次活动的主要目的就是筹款。

The two are not the same and dont serve the same purpose.

两者不是一回事，并且用途也不同。

on purpose   故意地

with/for the purpose of   为了……目的

to the purpose   中肯的（地），合适的（地）

9. apologise   v.   道歉

apology     n.   道歉;致歉

apologise for （doing） sth   为（做）某事而道歉

We apologise for the late departure of this flight.

本次航班延误离境，谨致歉意。

I apologised to her for stepping on her foot.

我因踩了她的脚而向她道歉。

Your allegations are completely untrue， and I demand an immediate apology.

你的说法完全不属实，我要求立即道歉。

10. think of   想起，回忆起

I cant think of her name at the moment.

我一时想不起她的名字。

think better of   对……有更高的评价

think little of   不重视;认为……没价值

think nothing of   把……视为平常;不把……当一回事;

觉得……无所谓

11. in addition   除此之外，另外

该短语为副词性短语，作状语，在句中位置灵活。在句中和句末时，一般用逗号隔开。

There is， in addition， one further point to make.

此外，还有一点要说。

In addition to English， he has to study a second foreign language.

除英语外，他还要学第二外语。

与in addition一样都表示“除……之外（还）”的其他单词或短语：besides，apart from，aside from。

12. find out   了解（到）;找出（信息）

We found out later that we had been at the same school.

后来我们才弄清楚我们是校友。

比较：find out，find和look for的区别

find out指通过观察、探索发现事实的真相，调查出原因或发现秘密、错误等;find多表示偶然性地找到;look for着重表示寻找的动作。

I havent found anything out about him yet.

我还没有发现有关他的任何情况。

Weve found a great new restaurant near the office.

我们在办公室附近发现了一家很棒的新餐馆。

Where have you been？ Weve been looking for you.

你上哪兒去了？我们一直在找你。

13. leave out  省去，删去;漏掉

I havent altered or left out anything.

我没有更改或删去任何东西。

Youve made a mistake—youve left out the letter T.

你错了，你漏掉了字母T。

leave alone   不管;不理会;不打扰

leave behind   忘带;留下

14. （be） aware of   知道;意识到;明白

Were you aware of something was wrong？

你有没有意识到出问题了？

I dont think people are really aware of how much it costs.

我认为人们并不真正明白它得花多少钱。

as far as I am aware   就我所知

make sb aware of sth   让某人明白某事

15. take the lead   带头，领先

If we take the lead in this， others may follow.

如果我们在这方面带头行动，其他人就会跟着来。

Tom took the lead in the third lap.

汤姆在跑第三圈时领先。

be in the lead   领先

follow the lead of sb   以某人为榜样，效仿某人

give sb a lead   给某人做出榜样;提示某人

16. show off   炫耀

She wanted to show off her new husband at the party.

她想在聚会上炫耀自己的新婚丈夫。

show （sb） around/round   （领某人）参观

show up   如约赶到;出现;露面

show ones face   露面;公开见人

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

A

Lets provide you some cheap holiday tourist places.

San Jose， Costa Rica

Costa Rica is known as the paradise （天堂） of tourists. If you are crazy about adventure， Costa Rica shall offer you excellent chances for hiking and golfing in the blue sky. The countryside is a favorite place for mountain bikers. Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum is also a great attraction.

Aruba， Caribbean

Aruba is best enjoyed during winters. Its a very good place for friends， family and couples. You can enjoy the desert and sea together. Isnt it special？ The beaches of Aruba with blue water are the perfect places for diving. The natural pool and the natural bridge are wonderful.

Vancouver， British Columbia

Visiting the city in a double-decker bus is quite an enjoyable experience. And this is quite inexpensive. The tourist attractions are Richmond Island， Maritime Museum， Classical Chinese Garden， etc. The best time to go to Vancouver is the hot and rainy season just after spring. You shall get hotels at reasonable prices during this time.

Rio De Janeiro， Brazil

More than the beauty of the place， people like appreciating the tradition and culture of the natives. The city costs far more during carnival time. So， to get travel tickets and hotels at a reasonable price， you can plan during the off season. The famous beaches are Copacabana and Ipanema. You can also experience the scenic beauty of Guanabara Bay.

1. Which season is the best time to visit Vancouver？

A. Spring. B. Summer. C. Autumn. D. Winter.

2. Which place should Tom choose if he wants to enjoy himself in winters？

A. Rio De Janeiro. B. San Jose.

C. Vancouver. D. Aruba.

3. What is the authors purpose in writing the text？

A. To advertise some famous museums.

B. To share ideas about beautiful deserts.

C. To introduce some cheap attractions on vacation.

D. To show the traditions and cultures of different places.

B

My daughters are lovely and attractive. The 4-year-old has big blue eyes and easy laughter. The 7-year-olds long strawberry blond hair and sweet smile are already turning the boys heads. I love everything about these girls and they know it.

But I try not to tell them theyre beautiful. My young daughters are totally innocent about the pressures of being a woman in our society. They know nothing about plastic surgery （整形手術）， diets， “feeling fat”， or eating disorders. We adults know all too much about such things and in the face of this cruel reality， we tend to start telling our girls， as soon and often as possible， how beautiful they are. Heres the thing， though. What were also doing is bringing the beauty pressure home to our littlest girls. The more I talk about beauty and looks， even in a positive way， the more Im conveying （传达） the importance of those things.

However， it doesnt mean I dont praise my girls. Instead of saying “You look beautiful！” I might say the more specific “Dont you look fancy today！” or “Those colors go so well together.” It means that I treat my daughters not as my little dolls， but as real people who are developing their own sense of self and style. It means that they are in charge of how they look.

Naturally， I buy most of my girls clothes. But I dont usually manage their outfit choices. My daughters can go girly with necklaces and head-to-toe pink， or they can choose to give up dresses altogether. Of course weve seen some mismatching， but they own those styles. They never ask if they look pretty， and they walk with an easy confidence that has nothing to do with what I or anyone else will say about how they look. And thats the confident spirit I want them to take into their teens and adulthood.

4. What do the authors two daughters have in common？

A. Both like to smile.

B. Both have blond hair.

C. Both like strawberries.

D. Both have big blue eyes.

5. Why is the author unwilling to tell her girls that they are beautiful？

A. She prefers inside beauty.

B. She expects them to face reality.

C. She wants them to focus less on it.

D. She doesnt think they can understand it.

6. How does the author treat her daughters？

A. She avoids praising them.

B. She is particular about their clothes.

C. She sets strict clothing rules for them.

D. She pays attention to their unique style.

7. What can best describe the authors daughters？

A. They are fully confident.

B. They are highly dependent.

C. They tend to take advice from their mother.

D. They have a good taste in dressing themselves.

C

If a shopper clicks “buy” for a product that costs $1，000 or more， its twice as likely to be a man than a woman. Thats one of the results revealed in a new NPR/Marist poll （民意調查） about online shopping.

The poll found that 27 percent of online shoppers—regardless of gender—have bought big-ticket items （$1，000 or more）. Its the development of digital commerce （商务） from the Webs early days in the 1990s， when people worried about giving out their credit card information and whether products would even arrive. Today， many shoppers are willing to make even their most cherished and expensive purchases online， such as musical instruments， a diamond engagement ring…

Speed and convenience are two factors why many men eagerly make major purchases online， said Americus Reed Ⅱ， a marketing professor at the University of Pennsylvanias Wharton School. “What the research has shown is that men go to the store quickly， gather as much information as they can quickly and just buy it online， particularly because its just faster.” Reed said. Other factors may also explain the discrepancy between men and women. On average， men have higher incomes. They also tend to be early adopters when it comes to technology， according to Sucharita Kodali， an e-commerce analyst with the research firm Forrester.

Sucharita said that， early on， men lagged behind women in making fashion purchases online， but thats changing. And the retailers analysis shows that click and buy is their customers method of choice. “We know that 65 percent of their fashion shopping is done online，” Sucharita said. “Thats a phenomenal （显著的） figure because that really defines them as being more digital creatures than physical in the shopping sense.”

8. What can we infer from Paragraph 2？

A. The most expensive purchases occur online.

B. Online shopping was not popular in the 1990s.

C. Today the majority of the people tend to buy online.

D. Most online shoppers have bought big-ticket items.

9. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？

A. Why men tend to purchase online.

B. What kinds of purchases will be done by men.

C. Important causes for advanced shopping online.

D. Factors for women to buy expensive items online.

10. What does the underlined word “discrepancy” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？

A. Similarity. B. Responsibility.

C. Distinction. D. Sense.

11. What do we know from Sucharitas words about online shopping？

A. He doubted it.

B. He stated some facts about it.

C. He was quite satisfied with it.

D. He was disappointed about it.

D

In this fast-shifting world， there can be no guarantees attached to any particular job. But there is much that you can do to protect yourself from the change of society， by equipping yourself with the skills to manage your career more effectively. You need to be a career activist.

If you lost your main source of income tomorrow， could you find a different source to replace it？ The most important thing in protecting yourself now and in the future is ensuring that you have choices. Dont let yourself be held back by a lack of skill development， or fear of change. Some people have been good performers in their own organization but discovered that they are stuck. Because they are so closely related to a particular company or industry， their skills are not readily transferred to other jobs.

Dont put all your eggs in one basket. If you limit yourself to one particular area or sector， you limit your opportunity， too. In a global market place， many jobs come and go quickly as changes in the stock market. Todays hottest job may not exist tomorrow. If you love computers， then this work represents a great choice. But dont enter a field just because you think thats where the hot jobs are; even if the job is available， it may not match well with your own skills and abilities. Start with an entry of your own strengths and interests， then see where you may match up best in the job market.

12. How can one be sure to have a new chance when he loses the main source of income？

A. By entering a field where the hot jobs are.

B. By transfering to jobs that involve computers.

C. By being a good performer in his own organization.

D. By trying to develop skills and be a career activist.

13. Why are some people afraid of change of jobs？

A. They have got a hot job.

B. They have no other better choices.

C. They have got used to a certain job.

D. They have no other skills and interests.

14. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 mean？

A. Keep the eggs safely.

B. Stick to only one particular job.

C. Try your best to do the job well.

D. Catch the opportunity to find more jobs.

15. According to the author， the best job to choose is something that .

A. is both hot and interesting

B. will always exist in the future

C. brings you good source of income

D. involves your strengths and interests

Like many people， the start of the day maybe isnt your favorite time. 1 Try at least one of these tomorrow.

Stretch （伸展） every part of your body for 15 seconds.

Try this before you open your eyes. Lift your arm and begin by stretching each finger， then your hand， then your wrist， then your arm. 2 Then your toes， feet， ankles and legs. In this way， you upped the flow of blood through your body， providing extra oxygen to all your tissues.

3

In this way， you dont have to jump out of bed and rush through your morning. You can begin your day by lying in bed， slowly waking up， mentally ticking off the decisions you made in advance about what youre going to wear， what youre going to do...

Brush your tongue for 2—3 minutes.

Theres no better way to rid you of morning breath and begin your day fresh and clean. After all， more than 300 types of bacteria stay in your mouth every night. 4

Avoid any decisions.

For truly relaxing mornings， reduce the number of choices and decisions you make to zero. 5 Really， theres no need to vary your breakfast， timetable or clothes to wear every morning.

A. Repeat with the other arm.

B. You can change your living habits.

C. Set your alarm 15 minutes earlier.

D. Make your decisions the night before.

E. These few minutes in bed are all yours.

F. Quick brush cant make them all disappear.

G. Here are some healthy habits you can learn without much effort.

1.                 2.                 3.                 4.                 5.

Loving Kindness Is Twice Blessed

I felt gloomy （沮喪的） the other day. The weather had been dark and rainy， and I just didnt feel so 1 .

As I was sitting at my desk， I 2 it was the birthday of a dear long-time friend—a single， middle-aged woman who has devoted the past 30 years to nursing and loves her 3 .

Knowing that she didnt have any family in town， I 4 to give her a call. Sure enough， she was on B-shift， 5 to work late into the evening， and wouldnt have much of a birthday this year. As always， 6 ， she sounded cheerful and was happy that I 7 her.

After I hung up， I couldnt 8 the feeling that she would really 9 a little attention on her special day. Still feeling a little gloomy myself， I tried to put it out of my 10 ， but as the day passed I couldnt shake the thought. I 11 gave in， and that evening I set off to the hospital with a card， a cheese cake， and some balloons. My friends grateful smile and joyful surprise 12 me Id done the right thing and were a generous 13 for the little effort it had taken.

When I got home， I realized that not only had I cheered up a 14 friend on her birthday， but my own gloomy feelings had also disappeared. Making her day had 15 my own！

Isnt that the way that we 16 the time and make the 17 to do something for someone else？ Its like the little saying， “Loving kindness is twice blessed; it blesses him who gives， and him who 18 .”

Cheering up people on their birthdays isnt the only thing we can do to make their day. Life constantly presents us with 19 to take an extra step or do a kind deed that will make a 20 to someone. And the wonderful thing is that as we do， it changes things for the better for us， too.

1. A. special B. positive C. nervous D. proud

2. A. explained B. complained C. remembered D. informed

3. A. family B. training C. work D. school

4. A. decided B. continued C. agreed D. refused

5. A. surprised B. disappointed C. bored D. prepared

6. A. though B. besides C. therefore D. otherwise

7. A. admitted B. called C. helped D. visited

8. A. experience B. imagine C. shake D. understand

9. A. feel B. show C. grasp D. appreciate

10. A. way B. mouth C. purse D. mind

11. A. luckily B. finally C. unhappily D. hardly

12. A. convinced B. advised C. promised D. reminded

13. A. response B. contribution C. reward D. share

14. A. careless B. lonely C. weak D. curious

15. A. troubled B. earned C. wasted D. made

16. A. take B. record C. value D. tell

17. A. suggestion B. sense C. effort D. change

18. A. tries B. receives C. expects D. cares

19. A. opportunities B. dreams C. choices D. regrets

20. A. difference B. mistake C. step D. business

下列各句均有1个错误，请改正。

1. Dont look away over me when I am speaking to you！ ____

2. Read this passage， and find the answer of the question. ____

3. We arent short of money， but we lack of time. ____

4. Looking at the old photo， he thought over his happy childhood.

____

5. In common to many young people， he prefers pop music to classical music. ____

1﹒在异国他乡参加社交活动时，你会紧张吗？（be nervous about）

2﹒闲聊很重要，它可以帮助你为更严肃的话题做准备。（prepare sb for）

3﹒你是否曾经故意过马路以避免和你认识的人说话？（on purpose）

4﹒交流是一个涉及听和说的双向过程。（involve）

5﹒当地人对来自世界各地的游客都十分热情友好。（from all over the world）

跟踪导练（二）

阅读理解

A

Leaders shape history and here is a selection of the most remarkable views into these public figures plus first-hand accounts by those with access to them.

Margaret Thatcher by Charles Moore （2013）

Before Moore published the first volume （一册） of his biography， there had already been a mountain of books on Thatcher. Moores account is different. He shows that far from being fearless， she could often be fearful without cause. The final volume will include her fall from power.

Harold Wilson by Ben Pimlott （1992）

Harold Wilson had become a ghostly figure when this book was published in 1992. The absence heightened a sense of mystery. Who was he？ How to explain his seemingly contradictory characteristics？ Pimlott solves some of the mysteries： the book is detailed until Wilsons final phase as prime minister in 1974.

Churchill by Roy Jenkins （2001）

Jenkins writes a politician as well as a historian， analyzing Churchills historic moves from the opinions of one who had also spoken in the Commons. Jenkins had resigned from high position in battles over policy， and as one that changed parties， though not as frequently as Churchill did.

Roy Jenkins by John Campbell （2014）

Campbell calmly narrates （敘述） many political and personal dramas， including Jenkins intense relationship with Anthony Crosland when they were both students at Oxford. Campbell also addresses Jenkins various affairs with women. Like Jenkins political heroes， he led many lives. Campbell is sharp in describing each of them.

Diaries， Volumes One to Six by Alastair Camp bell （2017）

Love or hate him. Campbell remains the master of the inside story， and not just because of his unusual ideas on the relationship between Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. This is an incredibly detailed book on what its like to live inside the cruel space of events and the constant conflict with the media.

1. Which of the following has the largest number of books written about them？

A. Harold Wilson. B. Churchill.

C. Margaret Thatcher. D. Tony Blair.

2. Which writer was once a politician？

A. Ben Pimlott. B. Charles Moore.

C. John Campbell. D. Roy Jenkins.

3. What is the authors purpose of writing the passage？

A. To introduce some historical figures.

B. To recommend some books on leaders.

C. To tell some mysteries about historians.

D.To think highly of some famous leaders.

B

I felt like I had clicked my heels three times and come to a country away from home every morning as I walked through the doors at the Embassy of Australia in Washington. Musical Aussie accents and aboriginal （土著的） art exhibits made me wonder if I had entered without a visa. In fact， I was a temporary employee， a public affairs unpaid intern （實习生） for three months during the summer in order to engage myself in the culture of the country where I planned to study the next spring.

During the summer I read the Australian news every day. Working at the embassy allowed me to escape the US for six hours per day and learn about what was going on across the planet. After reading the daily Australian and US news I usually helped prepare a PowerPoint presentation for school kids who visited the embassy as part of a school activity. Depending on whether an embassy event was going on， I would attend weekly meetings to listen to planning and see what I could do to help. Usually there were smaller tasks to be done such as creating visitors guide.

The most fantastic event in which I participated was the visit of the Australian Prime Minister. As the only American among countless Australian media and staff， I felt comfortable and was kept busy taking pictures and recording doorstop interviews at famous sites such as the Capitol. As an intern， you will not be exposed to top-secret information， but you are on the inside when it comes to special events.

Government work is a useful addition to ones experience. As an embassy employee you will gain invaluable knowledge while spending your summer in a culturally diverse workplace.

4. Why was the author in the Embassy of Australia for three months？

A. To apply for a visa.

B. To record musical Aussie accents.

C. To prepare to study in Australia.

D. To appreciate aboriginal art exhibits.

5. What was the author forbidden to do when the Australian Prime Minister visited America？

A. Stand among the Australian staff.

B. Take pictures of special events.

C. Know top-secret information.

D. Record doorstop interviews.

6. What can we infer about the authors daily work at the Embassy？

A. It is exhausting. B. It is exciting.

C. It is boring. D. It is relaxing.

7. What is the author talking about？

A. Her preparation for future employment.

B. Her foreign culture experience.

C. Her trouble in finding a job.

D. Her embassy internship.

C

Two of the saddest words in the English language are “if only”. I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words， because they convey （傳达） regret， lost opportunities， mistakes， and disappointment.

My father is famous in our family for saying， “Take the extra minute to do it right.” I always try to live by the “extra minute” rule. When my children were young and likely to cause accidents， I always thought about what I could do to avoid an “if only” moment， whether it was something minor （较小的） like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a counter， or something that required a little more work， such as taping padding （衬垫） onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table.

I dont only avoid those “if only” moments when it comes to safety. Its equally important to avoid “if only” in our personal relationships. We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone an opportunity to say “I love you” or “I forgive you”. When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday， I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldnt be here. But then I thought about the fact that hes 84 years old and I realized that I shouldnt give up an opportunity to see him. I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all.

I know there will still be occasions when I have to say “if only” about something， but my life is definitely better because of my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality. And even though it takes an extra minute to do something right， I know that Im doing the right thing.

8. Which of the following can be an example of the “extra minute” rule？

A. Start the car the moment everyone is seated.

B. Leave the room for a minute with the typing.

C. Wait for an extra minute so that the steak tastes better.

D. Move an object out of the way before it trips someone.

9. What does the underlined word “foregone” in Paragraph 3 mean？

A. Abandoned. B. Lacked.

C. Avoided. D. Wasted.

10. The author decided to go to her office on Good Friday to .

A. keep her appointment with the eye doctor

B. meet her father who was already an old man

C. join in the holiday celebration of the company

D. finish her work before the deadline approached

11. What can be the best title for the text？

A. The “If Only” moments B. The Two Saddest Words

C. The Most Useful Rule D. The Peace of Mind

D

Pigs are always considered dirty animals because they roll in mud. But in fact they prefer being quite clean. They cover themselves with mud to help stay cool. During cooler weather， they prefer to stay clean. So do elephants， who also cover themselves in dust or mud to keep cool. When they find a place with clean water they will take a bath， using their long noses to give themselves—or each other—a nice shower.

Some animals use dust to get clean. Chinchillas （南美洲栗鼠） have very fine fur. They dont like to take water baths because water is not warm enough for them. So， instead， they roll around in fine dust. The dust helps to keep their fur and skin dry. This protects them from disease.

Usually， a small bird is a light meal for a crocodile. But when a crocodile wants its teeth cleaned， it lies on the ground with its mouth open. The crocodile bird goes in and picks out any parasites （寄生蟲） between the crocodiles teeth or under its tongue. The crocodile gets its mouth cleaned， and the crocodile bird gets dinner.

You wouldnt think fish would need baths. But some undersea parasites live under the fishs skin. “Cleaner” fish， like the wrasse （隆头鱼）， help take them away. The wrasse stands on its head and dances to signal a big fish that it is ready to go into the cleaning business. The big fish will stop moving and open its mouth wide so the wrasse can swim inside and pick out parasites and bits of food.

12. What can we learn about pigs from Paragraph 1？

A. They like to stay cool and clean.

B. They can help each other take baths.

C. They are dirtier during cooler weather.

D. They prefer taking baths to rolling in mud.

13. Why do chinchillas like to roll around in fine dust？

A. It makes them warm.

B. It keeps them healthy.

C. It is a cure for illness.

D. It is a way to play.

14. What can we infer from the last paragraph about the wrasse？

A. It likes being under other fishs skin.

B. It is often eaten by other fish.

C. It is relatively small.

D. It likes taking baths.

15. The text is mainly about how animals .

A. help each other B. get their food

C. take baths D. stay clean

The biggest turning point in my life so far was the day I left home to go to college. Before the age of eighteen， I had never been away from my parents for more than two weeks so I 1 my new independence with a mixture of 2 and excitement.

When the day to pack my things came， I began to 3 if I had made the right decision. I tried to 4 myself with the thought that I was moving on to a 5 life but there was still a doubt in the back of my mind. Deep in my thoughts was that I was 6 all my friends behind， so it was with 7 that I made my way to the train station.

By the time I 8 at my destination， I believed I had made a terrible mistake. I was sad， 9 and more terrified than I had ever been in my life. 10 ， once I had been shown to my room and had 11 some of the other students， I began to 12 a lot more positive. Within a few days， I was more 13 in my new surroundings and all my doubts and fears 14 . There were so many new things to 15 and people to meet that I was too busy to be upset.

One of the main reasons why this was such an important change for me was that my life was taking a completely new 16 . Though there were some problems with 17 myself such as washing clothes， buying food， etc.， I soon realized that I could 18 it well.

People have to move on and there are always 19 in our lives. Perhaps one of the lessons we should learn is how to     20 those that are new to us into our best advantages.

1. A. wanted B. saw C. respected D. viewed

2. A. anger B. worry C. joy D. difficulty

3. A. wonder B. judge C. care D. check

4. A. persuade B. treat C. compare D. comfort

5. A. richer B. better C. healthier D. busier

6. A. forgetting B. putting C. leaving D. pushing

7. A. happiness B. surprise C. sadness D. confidence

8. A. arrived B. aimed C. stayed D. looked

9. A. crazy B. lonely C. hungry D. tired

10. A. Therefore B. However C. Though D. Instead

11. A. asked B. visited C. invited D. met

12. A. feel B. keep C. prove D. seem

13. A. realistic B. useful C. comfortable D. grateful

14. A. rose B. hid C. developed D. disappeared

15. A. experience B. collect C. introduce D. imagine

16. A. position B. situation C. direction D. definition

17. A. looking after B. believing in

C. showing off D. talking about

18. A. know B. manage C. prepare D. arrange

19. A. choices B. hopes C. dreams D. changes

20. A. draw B. drive C. turn D. lead

One day， Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly， he 1 （find） that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son， “Go to the village and buy some salt， but pay a fair price for it： neither too much 2 too little.”

His son looked 3 （surprise）， “I can understand why I shouldnt pay too much， Dad， but if I can pay less， why not save a bit of money？”

“That would be a very 4 （reason） thing to do in a big city， but it could destroy a small village like 5 （we），” Nick said.

Nicks guests， 6 had heard their conversation， asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied， “The only reason a man would sell salt 7 a lower price would be that he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect for the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard 8 （produce） it.”

“But such a small thing couldnt 9 （possible） destroy a village.”

“In the beginning， there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world， but everyone added a little， always

10 （think） that it was only small and not very important， and look where we have ended up today.”

1.                      2.                      3.                      4.

5.                      6.                      7.                      8.

9.                      10.