Is music similar across cultures?

听 力 扫 障

1. ethnographic /'eθnəɪɡræfɪk/ adj. 人种志的

2. emerge /iɪmзːdʒ/ v. 出现；暴露

3. diverse /daɪɪvзːs/ adj. 不同的；多种多样的

扫 码 听 测

Ⅰ. 判断正误

听录音并阅读3个简短的陈述，根据录音内容判断这些陈述是否符合所听内容，考查重点是学生对意义的理解能力和信息获取能力。

In this section， you will hear a passage. After you hear the passage， decide whether each of the statement is correct (A)， incorrect (B) or not mentioned (C).

1 Love songs， dance songs and bed time songs share patterns across cultures. A B C 2 Music has a great influence on disabled people. A B C 3 Singh is a graduate student from Pennsylvania State University. A B C

Ⅱ. 听力理解

听下面的文章，完成各个部分的练习。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。文章读三遍。

1. Who was the lead author of a report on the study?

A. Samuel Mehr. B. Manvir Singh. C. Luke Glowacki.

2. What did Singh think of childrens' lullabies?

A. Fast and cheerful. B. Peaceful and attractive. C. Slow and fluid.

3. How many societies did the researchers study?

A. Sixteen. B. Sixty. C. Thirty.

4. Why do dance songs sound a certain way around the world?

A. Dance songs have a specific function.

B. Different countries have different cultures.

C. Dancers around the wold are different from each other.

Love songs， dance tunes， bed time songs for children—all of these kinds of music share patterns across cultures， a new study finds. Researchers who set up the study say this suggests a commonality in the way human minds create music. The findings were reported in Science magazine. Samuel Mehr was the lead author of a report on the study. He is a research associate in psychology at Harvard University in Massachusetts.

Mehr noted that the study supports the idea that there is some sort of set of governing rules for how human minds produce music worldwide. He and other researchers studied musical recordings andethnographicrecords from 60 societies around the world. They looked at a mix of very different cultures， such as the Highland Scots in Scotland， Nyangatom nomads in Ethiopia， and Aranda hunter-gatherers in Australia. The researchers found that music had a link with behaviors such as dancing and loving， among others.

Manvir Singh is a graduate student in Harvard's department of human evolutionary biology and a co-author of the study. Singh noted that childrens' lullabies were likely to be slow and fluid while dance songs tended to be fast and lively. Another co-author of the study was Luke Glowacki， an anthropology professor at the Pennsylvania State University. He noted that the social purpose of the music influences how it sounds. He said， “Dance songs sound a certain way around the world because they have a specific function. Lullabies around the world sound a certain way because they have a specific function. If music were entirely shaped by culture and not human psychology you wouldn't expect these deep similarities toemergein extremelydiversecultures.”

Glowacki noted how amazing the musical patterns across cultures were. He said， “The fact that a lullaby， healing song or dance song from the British Isles or anywhere else in the world has many musical features in common with the same kind of song from hunter-gatherers in Australia or horticulturalists in Africa is remarkable.”