高中英语阅读理解与解题技巧的探究

余晓莹

【摘要】阅读是学生接触语言信息、参与语言实践的重要途径。提高英语阅读能力是培养语言交际能力的重要方式。本文针对高中阅读理解在学生语言学习能力的重要地位，初步探讨了几种解题技巧。

【关键词】阅读理解;解题技巧

英语阅读教学在日常教学中起着举足轻重的作用。根据阅读能力测试的要求，高考阅读理解以考查细节理解题为主，并加大对主旨大意题、推理判断题和词义猜测题的考查力度。这就要求学生要具备有效的阅读技巧和策略，下面介绍这四种题的解题技巧。

细节理解题的解题技巧首先要忠实于阅读材料，扣紧材料来解答。在题干中找出关键词，特别注意名词，动词，形容词等实词或者关键句，再回到原文定位。例如以下第1 、2题均可采用关键词定位法解答。在主旨大意题方面必须要找准主题句。在很多情况下，议论文、说明文都可以通过主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句往往比较明显，经常出现在首段、末段或者首句、末句。在第一段中but， however等表示转折的词后往往就是主题句。

推理判断题的主要技巧：根据文章的结论，推断出作者的写作意图、观点和态度;抓住特定的信息进行逻辑推理;细读题目，找出它与原文中那些句子有关系;结合已有知识进行合理的推断。

词义猜测题的解题技巧：1.释义法。指的是文章的生词用同位语（从句）、定语（从句）、表语甚至用破折号等加以解释说明;2.构词法;3.同义法;4.反义法，如以下第3题;5.情景推断法;6.代词替代法等。

此外，在解题过程中还应该运用合适的方法，如略读、跳读、句型转换和排除法等。细节理解题经常用跳读的方法来获取具体信息得出正确答案。有时在细节理解题和推理判断题中，文段中找到的信息点往往需要加工处理才会成为选项，那么这时就需要用到句型转换，如以下第1、2、4题。排除法也是不错的方法。

下面以一篇阅读为例，探讨英语阅读理解的解题技巧。

本次练习内容：给出一篇阅读理解（摘自《步步高 高考总复习·新课标·英语》61-62页），给学生7- 8分钟时间左右时间做题。

Having effective time management skills means that you are able to employ your time and get a list of things done in an established time frame. When you are able to accomplish all tasks on a list in the given time， you know you have good time management skills. You can see the problems it would cause if the time management skills are lacking or missing all together. There are effects emotionally when we have the feeling of failure， and that we have wasted away a day when we could have been doing something else.

Planning your day to activities can become a lot easier if you keep a planner. You shouldn't plan over 168 hours of your week. Also， remember to take sleeping and eating into account， or other necessary activities. Another good rule is to be realistic about your goals. And if you know a project is going to take you 20 minutes， don't write 15 minutes down.

Employers like to see people who have good time management skills. If an employee doesn't use good time management skills then profits may be lost， and the boss is not likely to be happy with that result. People who do not have good time management skills are usually deemed（相信，認为）lazy and unproductive. If you would like your life to be more productive and more rewarding then you should consider adopting good time management skills. To successfully acquire these skills you need to follow the plans and goals you set for yourself each day. It is not hard to develop good time management skills， but it does take some time. You will need to have discipline to convert old bad habits into positive new ones.

When you use your time effectively then you will find yourself feeling less stress， and having more time in the long run to enjoy your life， and also your work.

1. Having effective time management skills means that        .

A. everything of the day will be done well

B. you can make good use of your time

C. you can have the most wonderful emotional effects

D. you will have no failure in dealing with affairs

2. How can we plan our day easier according to the author？

A. By planning every hour of every day.

B. By planning a longer time for an easy task.

C. Not to consider sleeping and eating.

D. By keeping a planner and being realistic about our goals.

3.The underlined word in the third paragraph means“       ”.

A. rid   B. change   C. throw   D. keep

4. We can learn from the passage that        .

A. people who do not have good time management skills must be lazy

B. a man who has the feeling of failure also has emotional effects

C. it is not easy for people who do not have good time management skills to find a job

D. if you want to have good time management skills you should ignore old habits

5. This passage is most likely to be found in         .

A. a story book B. a geography textbook

C. a research report    D. a travel magazine

针对练习题，详细分析解题技巧

这篇阅读理解用到了上述的一些解题技巧;关键词（句）定位法、反义法、略读法、跳读法、句型转换法和排除法。如：

第1题： 细节理解题。优先采用关键句定位法。根据题干可以找出首句“Having effective time management skills means that you are able to employ your time and get a list of things done in an established time frame.”即“充分利用时间”。故选B。

第2 题：推理判断题。优先采用关键词定位法。根据题干中的关键词“plan our day”在第二段找到“Planning your day …if you keep a planner.”及“Another good rule is to be realistic about your goals.”可选D。

第3题：词义猜测题。将信息点定位在第三段，找出含有生词的句子。在句子有介词into的提示，以及old bad habits和positive new ones这组反义词，我们不难猜出convert的意思为change.故选B。

第4题：推理判断题。由第一段中“There are effects emotionally when we have the feeling of failure…”可以得出答案B项。

第5 題：主旨归纳题。本文涉及的是“如何合理利用时间”等内容，没有涉及到故事、地理或旅游等内容，排除A、B、D三个选项，选择C项。

总之，提高学生英语阅读能力应该在平时训练中培养，多分析题型，掌握阅读理解的解题技巧，才能使学生在英语考试中立于不败之地。

参考文献：

[1]杜志建.专题调研-问题诊断学习法[M].汕头大学出版社，2010（43）.