羊乃康 孙琦
[摘要]目的:探究A型肉毒毒素与曲安奈德治疗瘢痕疙瘩的疗效和安全性。方法:收集笔者医院2017年1月-2019年6月收治的80例瘢痕疙瘩患者的临床资料,依据治疗方法分为观察组(40例)和对照组(40例)。观察组采用A型肉毒毒素局部注射治疗,对照组采用曲安奈德局部注射治疗。比较两组总有效率、疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual analogue scale,VAS)、皮损厚度及不良反应情况。结果:观察组有效率为95.00%显著高于对照组的72.50%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后1个月、2个月和4个月观察组相同时间点的VAS评分、皮损厚度均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为10.00%,对照组为27.50%,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗4个月后,观察组无复发,对照组复发6例,复发率为15.00%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.010)。结论:A型肉毒毒素治疗瘢痕疙瘩的疗效比曲安奈德更好,能有效降低瘢痕厚度、减轻患者疼痛,复发率低,且不良反应轻微,值得推广。
[关键词]A型肉毒毒素;曲安奈德;瘢痕疙瘩;局部注射治疗;疼痛
[中图分类号]R619+.6 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2020)05-0066-04
Abstract: Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A and triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of keloid. Methods The clinical data of 80 patients with keloids admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to June 2019 were collected and divided into the observation group (40 cases) and the control group (40 cases) according to the treatment. The observation group was treated by local injection of botulinum toxin type A, while the control group was treated by local injection of triamcinolone acetonide.The total effective rate, pain visual analogue scale (VAS), skin lesion thickness and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The effective rate of the observation group was 95.00%, significantly higher than that of the control group (72.50%), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The VAS score and the thickness of skin lesions in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group at 1, 2 and 4 months after treatment (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 10.00% in the observation group and 27.50% in the control group, there was no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). After 4 months of treatment, there was no recurrence in the observation group and 6 cases(15.00%) in the control group, and the recurrence rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P=0.010). Conclusion Botulinum toxin type A is better than triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of keloid. It can effectively reduce the thickness of keloid and relieve the pain of patients with low recurrence rate and mild adverse reactions, which is worthy of promotion.
Key words: botulinum toxin type A; triamcinolone acetonide; keloid; local injection; pain
瘢痕疙瘩的发生是由于组织修复机制失调导致皮肤损伤后胶原过度沉积最后超出损伤边缘,并且呈浸润性生长的真皮纤维化疾病,其特点是具有强大的增生能力,大多会伴随患者一生,不但影响外观,還伴随瘙痒和疼痛[1]。曲安奈德是目前临床上治疗瘢痕疙瘩常用且最为有效的皮质类固醇类药物之一,但应用后复发几率较大,临床效果不一[2]。A型肉毒毒素是在美容外科广泛应用的一种高度神经毒性药物[3]。最近研究发现,A型肉毒毒素可以促进伤口修复,具有萎缩、软化瘢痕,抑制瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞增殖的作用[4]。但目前关于A型肉毒毒素治疗瘢痕疙瘩的相关研究文献和报道较少,因此本研究对二者进行对比研究探讨在瘢痕治疗中的作用。
治疗后1、2、4个月观察组相同时间点的皮损厚度均显著低于对照组,瘢痕厚度和瘢痕面积也均显著低于对照组。考虑原因是A型肉毒毒素抑制乙酰胆碱释放,起到麻痹瘢痕皮肤局部横纹肌的作用,有利于皮肤稳定性,从而进一步减少瘢痕处表皮牵拉张力,对瘢痕周围炎症有效抑制[17]。A型肉毒毒素治疗瘢痕疙瘩的机制主要包括诱导成纤维细胞和内皮细胞凋亡、抑制细胞增殖、抗血管新生,从而抑制瘢痕增生,降低瘢痕厚度和瘢痕面积;此外,A型肉毒毒素可以明显提高瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞的敏感性,增加其凋亡率[18]。本研究结果还发现观察组不良反应发生率为10.00%,对照组不良反应发生率为27.50%,观察组具有更高的安全性。于水等[19]在A型肉毒毒素在皮肤科的应用现状研究中指出,其可以作为有效且安全的瘢痕疙瘩防治方法。既往研究[20]中应用肉毒毒素治疗瘢痕疙瘩安全性都较好。本研究治疗4个月后,观察组无一例复发,对照组复发6例,对照组复发率为15.00%。表示A型肉毒毒素治疗瘢痕疙瘩具有显著优越性。但考虑到样本量和随访时间,其实际疗效和不良反应还有待进一步明确。
综上所述,A型肉毒毒素治疗瘢痕疙瘩的疗效明显优于曲安奈德,能有效降低瘢痕厚度、对减轻痛痒症状效果尤为明显,复发率低,且安全性较好,但其机制还需要进一步研究。
[参考文献]
[1]李周娜,朱莲花,方宇辉,等.瘢痕疙瘩药物治疗研究进展[J].中国皮肤性病学杂志,2016,30(2):196-199.
[2]葛锐,袁艳.复方肝素钠尿囊素凝胶联合曲安奈德治疗瘢痕疙瘩疗效研究[J].中国美容医学,2019,28(7):30-33.
[3]高琳,殷荣,王媛丽,等.肉毒毒素和透明质酸联合使用在面部年轻化处理中的应用[J].中国美容医学,2016,25(4):94-97.
[4]曾巧英.肉毒神经毒素:一个老毒素的新密码[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2018,53(6):1-9.
[5]孙斯睿,赵云松,张海悦,等.EQ-5D VAS映射模型比较[J].中国卫生统计,2019,36(2):181-184.
[6]朱莲花,李美玲,李周娜,等.瘢痕疙瘩发病机制的研究[J].中国皮肤性病学杂志,2017,31(5):560-562.
[7]张思敏,亓发芝.巨噬细胞极化在增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩中的作用[J].中国免疫学杂志,2019,35(5):639-642.
[8]郝荣涛,李宗超,陈兴,等.A型肉毒素预防人瘢痕成纤维细胞增生机制的初步研究[J].重庆医学,2017,46(36):5086-5089.
[9]韩笑,谭谦.注射A型肉毒毒素预防和治疗病理性瘢痕的研究进展[J].东南大学学报(医学版),2017,36(3):496-500.
[10]周明伟,王连有,姜日花,等.A型肉毒素联合疗法治疗瘢痕疙瘩临床疗效和不良反应评价[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2017,43(2):386-390.
[11]刘斌,李静,胡惠清.A型肉毒素治疗瘢痕增生的疗效和安全性分析[J].中国中西医结合皮肤性病学杂志,2017,16(1):25-27.
[12]Kasyanju CL,Ma WW,Liu HF,et al.Botulinum toxin type A for the treatment and prevention of hypertrophic scars and keloids: Updated review[J].J Cosmet Dermatol,2019,18(1):10-15.
[13]李明,方勇.与TGF-β/Smads通路相关的病理性瘢痕治疗策略研究进展[J].上海交通大学学报(医学版),2016,36(4):594-598.
[14]吴泽勇,王绥江,黄海华,等.手术切除联合不同浓度曲安奈德注射治疗耳廓瘢痕疙瘩的临床观察[J].山东医药,2016,56(17):94-95.
[15]Ogawa R.Discussion: treatment of keloid scars with botulinum toxin type A versus triamcinolone in an athymic nude mouse model[J].Plast Reconstr Surg,2019,143(3):768-769.
[16]李靜,吴晓琰,陈晓栋.糖皮质激素联合A型肉毒素皮损内注射治疗瘢痕疙瘩临床疗效观察[J].临床皮肤科杂志,2017,46(9): 629-632.
[17]Kim SH,Lee SJ,Lee JW,et al.Clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A injection for reducing scars in patients with forehead laceration: A double-blinded, randomized controlled study[J].Medicine(Baltimore),2019,98(34):149-152.
[18]Jeong HS,Lee BH,Sung HM,et al.Effect of botulinum toxin type A on differentiation of fibroblasts derived from scar tissue[J].Plast Reconstr Surg,2015,136(2):171-178.
[19]于水,王雅文,赵梓纲.A型肉毒素在皮肤科的应用现状和前景[J].中国皮肤性病学杂志,2018,32(1):101-104.
[20]Bi M,Sun P,Li D,et al.Intralesional injection of botulinum toxin type A compared with intralesional injection of corticosteroid for the treatment of hypertrophic scar and keloid: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Med Sci Monit,2019,2(5):2950-2958.
[收稿日期]2019-10-09
本文引用格式:羊乃康,孙琦.A型肉毒毒素与曲安奈德治疗瘢痕疙瘩的疗效和安全性比较[J].中国美容医学,2020,29(5):66-69.