JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

FeaturedArticles----------------------------------------------------

3 The Game between Great Powers under the Background of Artificial Intelligence Revolution：From the Perspective of Structural Changes in Global Value Chain

Abstract: The Third Industrial Revolution and the globalization process not only disintegrate the domestic industrial chain model of nation-states in the industrialization era and impel the formation of global value chain and intensified cooperation in international division of labor, but also give rise to an issue of “Global Value Chain Capability of a Country” on the dimension of international politics, thereby contributing to the structural evolution of traditional international power. The development of artificial intelligence technology and the technological competition among great powers will have a disruptive effect on the existing global value chain which is at a turning points. In the context of artificial intelligence, the emergence of “Dominant Enterprise” Value Chain Model will reshape the future global value chain. As a decisive force in the game between countries, artificial intelligence will not only be involved into the game and competition between great powers, but also lead to the risk of reshaping global value chain. The results of such competition may agitate some countries to launch “transcendental” development, which will not only reverse the current international relations, but also exert significant impacts on the existing international power of the nation-states.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, global value chain, international relations, international power

AbouttheAuthor: Yu Nanping is Professor at School of Advanced International and Area Studies of East China Normal University; Chief Expert of Yu Nanping Studio, a Decision Consulting Research Base of Shanghai Municipal People’s Government.

YuNanping

26 Advantages of Artificial Intelligence in the Maintenance of the US Scientific and Technological Hegemony and Reshaping of Global Value Chain

Abstract: Artificial intelligence has become a core component of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The United States leverages its global leading position in artificial intelligence patent framework, technological maturity of top-class scientific research teams, the abundance of enterprises and the financing scale, and regards artificial intelligence as the primary strategy for maintaining its global scientific and technological hegemony. These strategic means enable the United States to seek such overall development sphere that is conducive to expanding the length and breadth of its own value chain by strengthening the coordination of multilateral mechanisms with its allies in the competition for global artificial intelligence rulemaking. In addition, the United States takes the initiative to unhook the high-end technology value chain connections with strategic competitors (such as China), and controls the key technological segments in the field of artificial intelligence. As a result, the United States is profoundly reshaping the global value chain of traditional significance in theory and in practice.

Keywords: the US scientific and technological hegemony, artificial intelligence, global value chain

AbouttheAuthor: Li Kuo is Ph.D. candidate at School of Advanced International and Area Studies of East China Normal University; Research Fellow of Yu Nanping Studio, a Decision Consulting Research Base of Shanghai Municipal People’s Government.

LiKuo

51 Analysis of the EU Artificial Intelligence Competitiveness from the Perspective of Global Value Chain

Abstract: The emergence of artificial intelligence is not only an upgrade on technology, but also gives an impetus to the revolution in the global value chain. Based on solid scientific research and industrial foundations and superiorities in the field of artificial intelligence “governance”, the EU occupies the upstream position of the global value chain, and provides the necessary technological and R & D supports for the development of artificial intelligence in the rest of the world. However, the special political and economic structure of the EU fails to adapt to the global value chain under ongoing revolution. On one hand, the leading force, required for the development of artificial intelligence, is absent in the EU,resulting in the dispersion of resources. On the other hand, the EU has not yet made effective breakthroughs in both computing power and algorithm. These technological bottlenecks still restrict the development of artificial intelligence in the EU. These two hidden troubles make the EU appear to be insufficiently competitive in the face of great artificial intelligence powers (such as the United States and China). In fact, this is also the future reform direction of artificial intelligence in the EU.

Keywords: global value chain, artificial intelligence, governance in the EU

AbouttheAuthor: Huang Zhengliang is Ph.D. candidate at School of Advanced International and Area Studies of East China Normal University; Research Fellow of Yu Nanping Studio, a Decision Consulting Research Base of Shanghai Municipal People’s Government.

HuangZhengliang

67 Japan’s Artificial Intelligence Development Strategy and Improvement of Global Value Chain Capability：Competitiveness Analysis Based on Top-level Design and Industrial Development

Abstract: As a veteran science and technology powerhouse, Japan has occupied a top-notch position in the global value chain for a long time. Technology-intensive and capital-intensive industries are the main contributors to Japan’s post-war economic reconstruction. Confronted with such social problems as sub-replacement fertility, the aging, the lack of natural resources, the aging of infrastructure and frequent natural disasters, Japan desires to seize development opportunities of artificial intelligence, uphold the core idea of “Society 5.0”, take advantage of the leading industries, implement the Japanese scientific and technological development model of “the Combination of Government, Industry and University”, set foothold on promotion of artificial intelligence R & D cooperation at the international level, and form artificial intelligence industry layout of “synergy and complementarity” at home and abroad. Enhancing Japan’s industrial competitiveness through artificial intelligence will result in a significant improvement of regional value chain capability of East Asia in the global value chain in future.

Keywords: Japan, artificial intelligence, global value chain, regional value chain of East Asia

AbouttheAuthors: Zhou Shengsheng is Ph.D. candidate at Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies, Waseda University; Qin Yanming is master degree candidate at School of Advanced International and Area Studies of East China Normal University.

ZhouShengsheng,QinYanming

91 Capability Constraints for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in Russia and Evaluation for Russia’s Dilemma of Participation in Global Value Chain

Abstract: In order to address the challenges brought about by a new round of scientific and technological revolution, Russia has developed a grand artificial intelligence development planning, and has formulated a “two-wheel drive” strategy for both policy promotion and priority in the military sphere. According to the analysis of Russian artificial intelligence value chain through basic elements of artificial intelligence development, Russia enjoys some basic advantages in the development of artificial intelligence. Due to long-standing separation of Russian industries from the global value chain and weaknesses in electronics industry and semiconductor industry, independent construction of Russian artificial intelligence value chain is extremely handicapped. Russia may continue to be marginalized in the future global artificial intelligence value chain.

Keywords: Russia, artificial intelligence, global value chain

AbouttheAuthor: Ji Shiming is Ph.D. candidate at School of Advanced International and Area Studies of East China Normal University.

JiShiming

GlobalGovernance---------------------------------------------------

110 Top-down Adjustment of Global Climate Governance Model: Driving Forces, Characteristics and Trends

Abstract: Global climate governance has an important impact on international relations. Beyond the scope of traditional geopolitics, global climate governance has gradually become a key realm of global governance. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and The Kyoto Protocol kick off a top-down normative system for global climate governance so that global climate governance starts to be coordinated and balanced. However, national interests and systems are in discord, while severe confrontations exist between normative perceptions of countries in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, which leads to the adjustment of the traditional normative governance model. The Paris Climate Accord gives a new definition for “the principle of common, but differentiated, responsibilities and respective capabilities”, and sets up an emission reduction obligation assignment system characterized by top-level control, freedom and flexibility. In this way, down-top global climate governance model is demonstrated. The shift from top-down system to down-top system unfolds a new pattern of global climate governance structure: Firstly, major multilateral model, minor multilateral leadership model and NGO leadership model make clear the different power structure orientations for the climate governance structure. The multi-level governance at the supra-national level, national level and sub-national level makes climate governance implementation system constantly balanced. Secondly, countries also undergo drastic changes in the global climate governance pattern. The United States announces its withdrawal from The Paris Climate Accord, which further reverses the traditional climate governance pattern segmented by the EU, Umbrella Group and developing countries to some extent. The EU always plays the role of active participant and proactive leader. Represented by China, developing countries have emerged as an important force in climate governance with more remarkable international status and role.

Keywords: climate change, governance model, down-top approach

AbouttheAuthor: Yu Hongyuan is Director and Research Fellow of the Institute for Comparative Politics and Public Policy, Shanghai Institute for International Studies.

YuHongyuan

RegionalStudies-----------------------------------------------------

125 Ocean Plastic Waste Treatment in Southeast Asia and China’s Participation

Abstract: Marine plastic waste not only causes serious hazards to the marine ecosystem, the blue economy development and the human health, but also has become a thorny problem in the global marine environment governance. Southeast Asia is home to a lot of major marine plastic waste pollution countries, which is also the hardest hit by the global marine plastic waste pollution. ASEAN and its members have taken actions for the marine plastic waste treatment by strengthening policy planning, boosting research and innovation, intensifying public education and guiding business participation. In Southeast Asia, marine plastic waste treatment obviously features national subjectivity, external participation and lack of cooperative network, which is encountered with practical dilemmas, i.e., low degree of institutionalization, shortage of dedicated treatment funding and insufficient leadership and coordination. In the process of profound engagement with global ocean governance and establishment of China-ASEAN Community of Shared Future, China should place a priority over regional marine plastic waste treatment in Southeast Asia, and think about the following issues: the way to translate Chinese experience into regional program; the way to steer the organic combination between regional blue economy development and encouragement for diversified subjects to actively participate in marine plastic waste treatment; the way to propel the construction of regional marine plastic waste treatment system.

Keywords: marine plastic waste, blue partnership for marine governance, China-ASEAN community of shared future

AbouttheAuthor: Liu Rui is Assistant Research Fellow of National Marine Data and Information Service.

LiuRui

AcademicEvents-----------------------------------------------------

143 Roundup of Academic Symposium on “Outlook on International Situations in the Year of 2020: Challenges and Countermeasures of China’s Diplomacy in the past Century of Great Changes”