Moons “Dance” Around Pluto
In a very touching gesture, the New Horizons probe is carrying the ashes of Plutos discoverer, American astronomer Clyde Tombaugh注3. In the canister[小罐] with the ashes is an inscription[题词] from Alan Stern, the head of the New Horizons mission: “Interned[被拘禁的] herein[于此] are remains of American Clyde W. Tombaugh, discoverer of Pluto and the solar systems ‘third zone. Adelle and Murons boy, Patricias husband, Annette and Aldens father, astronomer, teacher, punster, and friend: Clyde W. Tombaugh (1906-1997).”
Tombaugh will continue his trip aboard New Horizons, crossing into a new frontier of the solar system beyond Pluto, carrying humanitys hopes and aspirations with him.
Theres a chaotic[混乱的] dance going on at the far end of our solar system. It involves Pluto and five of its closest friends, a study finds.
Hubble Space Telescope images[图像] of Pluto, its largest moon Charon and tinier moons Styx, Nix, Hydra and Kerberos注1 show the odd movements of these six distant objects. Its like a dance. But it is unlike anything in our solar system to date[迄今为止].
What makes it so odd is that therere two sets of dances going on. First, Pluto and Charon are locked together in their own waltz. It is “as if they are a dumbbell[哑铃]” with a rod connecting them, this according to study author Mark Showalter of the SETI注2 Institute in California. Its the solar systems only binary[具有两个的] planet system.
“Its pretty darn[=damn] weird,” Showalter said.
But Pluto and Charon arent alone. And thats where it gets more complicated.
The four little moons circle the Pluto-Charon combo[联合体]. They wobble[摇摆] a bit when they go closer to either Pluto or Charon. They are being pushed and pulled by the two bigger objects.
Those four moons orbit[绕……轨道而行] Pluto-Charon in a precise rhythmic[有节奏的] way. But there is a twist[扭转]. They also interact[互相作用] when they near each other. So it seems like they all dance to one overall beat, but not quite in the same way. They are just doing their own thing, said planetary[行星的] scientist Heidi Hammel of the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy.
“Its kind of like youd see at a Grateful Dead注3 concert,” Hammel said. She wasnt part of the study, but she praised it as giving us a glimpse of what might be happening in other distant star systems, where there are two stars and planets that revolve around them. It is like the mythical[虛构的] Star Wars world of Tatooine注4.
With the tiny moons wobbling and flipping over[翻過来] in an unpredictable[不可预知的] and chaotic way, if you lived on Nix or Hydra, the sun would come up in different parts of the sky, if at all on some days, Showalter said.
“Its a very strange world,” he said. “You would literally not know if the sun is coming up tomorrow.”
新地平线号上载着冥王星的发现者、美国天文学家克莱德·汤博的骨灰,这一举动非常令人感动。装着骨灰的小罐上刻着新地平线号任务的领导人艾伦·斯特恩的题词:“这里埋葬着冥王星和太阳系‘第三区的发现者、阿黛尔和穆伦的儿子、帕特丽夏的丈夫、安妮特和奥尔登的父亲、美国天文学家、教师、风趣的朋友:克莱德·W·汤博(1906—1997)。”
汤博将会在新地平线号上继续他的旅程,越过冥王星,穿至太阳系的新边界,人类的希望和抱负与之同在。
在我们太阳系遥远的尽头正举行着一场混乱的舞会。一项研究发现,舞者包括了冥王星和它最亲近的五个朋友。
哈勃空间望远镜观测到的图像显示了冥王星、它最大的卫星卡戎(冥卫一)和其他较小的卫星斯提克斯(冥卫五)、尼克斯(冥卫二)、许德拉(冥卫三)及科波若斯(冥卫四)这六个遥远星体所发生的异动。那就像是一场舞会,但又和我们太阳系迄今为止的一切活动都有所不同。
它如此非同寻常,是因为有两套舞蹈在同时进行。首先,冥王星和卡戎被锁在了它们自己的华尔兹舞步中。据加州地外文明探索学会的研究作者马克·肖华特所说,它们“就像是个哑铃”由一根短柄相连在一起。这是太阳系里唯一的一个双星系统。
“这真的是太奇怪了,”肖华特说。
但冥王星和卡戎并非唯一奇异的现象,接下来的就更复杂了。
这四个小卫星围绕着冥王星——卡戎组合旋转。当它们靠近冥王星或卡戎时便会有点摇晃。它们正被这两个更大的物体推远或拉近 。
这四个卫星以一种精确的步调环绕着冥王星——卡戎组合运行,但有时也会有一个翻滚。当它们彼此靠近时也会互相影响。所以看上去它们似乎都沿着同一个节奏舞蹈,却又不尽然。它们不过是在忙着自己的事情,天文研究大学协会的行星科学家海蒂·哈默尔如是说。
“这就像是你在一场感恩而死乐队的演唱会上会看到的情形,”哈默尔说。她并未参与这个研究,但她对其称赞有加,认为这让我们瞥见了其他遥远的恒星系统可能会发生的情景。在那里有两个恒星及环绕其外的行星,就像是虚构的《星球大战》世界里的行星塔图因。
“随着这些小卫星以一种无法预测且混乱的方式摇晃和突然翻转,如果你居住在尼克斯或者许德拉上,太阳会从天空的不同方位升起,如果在某些日子它确实会升起的话。”肖华特说。
“那是一个非常奇怪的世界,”他说。“你真的不知道明天的太阳是否会升起。”
注1:冥王星外的五颗矮行星:冥卫一卡戎(Charon)、冥卫五斯提克斯(Styx)、冥卫二尼克斯(Nix)、冥卫三许德拉(Hydra)以及冥卫四科波若斯(Kerberos)。
注2:SETI是一项利用全球联网的计算机共同搜寻地外文明的科学实验计划。
注3:感恩而死乐队是于1964年组建的美国乐队,风格常在迷幻摇滚和乡村摇滚之间自由切换,1995年解散。
注4:塔图因(Tatooine),又译塔图音,是《星球大战》中围绕着一个双星系统运动的行星。