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Probing into Stanislas Julien, his Contemporary French Sinologists and the Chinese Assistants

Li Shengfeng

Abstract：Stanislas Julien, a French sinologist of the 19th century, had never been to China, so it was generally believed that Chinese people were not involved in his research.However, based on historical material about the contacts between sinologists and the Chinese people in Europe during this time, including two Chinese manuscripts and a record of a conversation, this paper proves that Stanislas Julien had several educated Chinese as his assistants and received help from them.In this light, seems reasonable to question the idea that Julien did all his sinological research by his own.The role of Chinese assistants to Julien and other French sinologists in 19th century deserves more attention.So it is reasonable for us to challenge the old views and pay more attention to the contribution which the Chinese assistants may have made to Stanislas Julien and other French sinologists of the 19th century .

Key words：Stanislas Julien, Chinese assistants, French sinology, 19th century, Preface ofMémoires sur Les Contrées Occidentales

American Modern Writer Gary Snyder’s Trip to China and His Ecological Politics

Zhang Jian

Abstract：Like many other modern American poets, Gary Snyder pays much attention to ancient China,but little attention to modern China.The Chinese culture he covers in his writings, including Buddhism, Taoism,Confucius, Laozi, tang shi, Hanshan and so on, attracted great attention from critics.However, he paid little attention to the influence of modern and contemporary China.Based on the experience of American writer delegation to China in 1984, this essay explicates Snyder’s knowledge of modern China in his writings.Snyder’s understanding of modern and contemporary China is mixed, which is closely related to the rebellious spirit of the beat generation and his own ecological political thought.

Key words：Snyder, modern China, ecological political thought, appropriation, radicalism

The Method of Discrimination by Klas Bernhard Johannes Karlgren in Zuozhuan Zhenwei Kao and Its Significance in Academic History

Chen Lijuan & Luo Chaohua

Abstract：The Swedish sinologist Klas Bernhard Johannes Karlgren applied the method of linguistics in his workZuozhuan Zhenwei Kaoto compare the “seven groups of auxiliary words” used inZuozhuanandThe Analects of ConfuciusandMenciuswith an attempt to judge the author ofZuozhuanand the completion time of the book.Karlgren’s examination on the authenticity and falsification ofZuozhuanin Han dynasty is based on the development and innovation of traditional textual criticism, which plays a certain role in the study ofZuozhuanand the examination and falsification of other ancient books, so it has certain value and significance in the academic history.

Key words：Klas Bernhard Johannes Karlgren,Zuozhuan Zhenwei Kao, grammar, textual research

E.R.Hughes and His Translation of The Great Learning and The Doctrine of Mean

Hou Jian

Abstract：The British Sinologist Ernest Richard Hughes (1883—1956), with the help of the resources of Western culture, interpreted and translated the philosophy ofThe Great LearningandThe Doctrine of Meanfrom a metaphysical point of view, which ensured that the Chinese classical thought was accepted and understood by Western readers as philosophy.Hughes also retained some of the peculiarities of Chinese philosophy, achieving a delicate balance of faithfulness and readability.However, in the early stage of the spread of Chinese philosophy to the West, this balance had obvious historical limitations, and the focus on cultural similarity was far more than the emphasis on cultural difference.Therefore, the translation ofThe Great LearningandThe Doctrine of Meanwith the reference to Western philosophical tradition made the two works more like western philosophical works.

Key words:Ernest Richard Hughes,The Great Learning, The Mean-In-Action, Chinese philosophy

Analysis on the Thoughts of Yamazaki Ansai in His Early Years fromYamato Shogaku

Wan Lili

Abstract：Yamazaki Ansai as a scholar specialized in Zhu Zi’s theory in the early period of Edo Era, founded Sieika Shinto in his later years of life.He wrote many books during his life, but most of them were compiled on the basis of Zhu Xi’s works and Shinto books.However, when he visited Edo city in the first year of Wanzhi(1658), he recorded what he saw and thought in hisYamato Shogakuby following the teachings of Zhu Xi and Liu Qingzhi’sShogaku, but included a large amount of self-narration.Yamato Shogakuwas not only an important children’s and Mongolian reading material in the early stage of Edo, but also reflected the transformation of his Confucianism and Buddhism thoughts, therefore it is of great significance.

Key words：Yamazaki Ansai,Shogaku,Yamato Shogaku, Instruction books for uneducated children, thougts of Confucianism and Buddhism

The Existential Tension of Doing Good in Matteo Ricci’s The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven

Ren Yichao

Abstract：In his master workTheTrue Meaning of the Lord of Heaven, Matteo Ricci had conducted a conversation with his contemporary counterparts, especially those Confucian scholars, on the issue ofDoing Goodin Chapter 6.By tracing the consciousness of being good, this paper reduces the dispute between the two sides about benefit and benevolence to a debate as the starting point of existence of the paradox of existenc.However,due to the lack of adequate understanding of the dialectical tension of existence, their respective propositions of existence inevitably attend to one and lose the other.Meanwhile, based on the analysis of the original text,this paper points out that both Mencius’ concept of Righteousness (“Renyi”) and Chang Tsai’s concept of unintentionality (“wuyi”) are derived from the profound experience of the paradox of existence.While providing a necessary deconstructive power, both of them also tried to reconstruct a starting point of existence which was inherent in human nature.

Key words：MatteoRicci,The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven,Good, existential paradox, righteousness,non-purpose

Analysis on Chinese Learning of Missionaries in China in the Early 20th Century—Based on A Questionnaire by D.W.Lyon from YMCA

Bian Haoyu

Abstract：In the early 20th century, D.W.Lyon from YMCA carried out a survey with the purpose to investigate the Chinese learning of missionaries in China.Lyon carried out a questionnaire survey on missionaries who came to China for three to five years from various perspectives, such as learning efficiency, learning methods,and relevant suggestions on learning.As a matter of fact, this survey was the first nationwide survey on Chinese learning of missionaries in China, which not only exhibited originality, but also objectively reflected the overall situation and the missionaries’ language level of Chinese, and provided useful reference for the church to promote the establishment of Chinese language training schools.

Key words：Missionaries in China, Chinese learning, D.W.Lyon, questionnaire

The First Systematic Introduction of Western Ethics into China—Attempt of the Sources of Alfonso Vagnone’s Xiushen Xixue

Tan Jie

Abstract：Alfonso Vagnone’sXiushen Xixueemployed the basic structure ofCommentarii Collegii Conimbricensis Societatis Iesu; in libros Ethicorum Aristotelis ad Nichomachum, a Latin college textbook during the Renaissance, but abandoned its complicated argumentation.It only briefly introduced the basic concepts based on the background knowledge extracted from Matteo Ricci’sTianzhu Shiyiin the first three chapters, and elaborated the eleven emotions and the four cardinal virtues in the remaining chapters.The last four chapters on the four cardinal virtues had Leonard Lessius’sDe iustitia et iure caeterisque virtutibus cardinalibusas its direct source.Xiushen Xixuepresented an ethics in which abstract theory was weakened, while control in emotions and practice in virtues in the practice sphere were emphasized.

Key words：Alfonso Vagnone,Xiushen Xixue, ethics, introduction of Western learning,Tianzhu Shiyi

Picture Perfect： Representing the Chinese Emperor to the World

Florian Knothe Tran.Chen Jian

Abstract：This essay focuses on the magnificentchinoiserietapestries of Chinese Emperor Qianlong, woven after designs by François Boucher at the famous Beauvais manufactory from 1758-1760.The large and wellpreserved textiles form part of the royal French commission by King Louis XV, part of which was presented to Qianlong in 1766.Genre scenes in the French rococo style, the large depictions showfêtes galantes—composed of the leisure activities of an imagined Chinese court.Celebrated at Qianlong’s court, these textiles were displayed in a new purpose-built pavilion at the imperialYuanming Yuan and had wide-reaching cultural influence.The Battles of the Emperor of China were ordered by Qianlong and drawn by Jesuit painters at the Imperial court in Beijing,and then printed in Paris 1769-1774.The ‘culture’ of these prints follows King Louis XIV’s influential images of theHistoire du Roiand presents Qianlong as both a war hero and the undisputed leader of China in the mideighteenth century.

This set of celebrated tapestries is contemporary with yet another historic set of culturally related depictions in print.Both the tapestries and prints date to the exact same time period, one that coincides with the high demand forchinoiseriein France—represented by the world-famous designs by Boucher—and the Imperial Court of China’s interest in French design and culture.Despite their world-renowned fame, these groups of images have not been thoroughly discussed together previously.These depictions of an imagined Qianlong present one of the rare topics that celebrates the court cultures in both France and China, at a time when the empires idolised each another and cultural influences and exchanges were highly significant and supported by well-established and prosperous monarchs during an increasingly enlightened eighteenth century.

Key words：Qianlong, Louis XV, François Boucher, Jesuit painters, tapestry, prints,chinoiserie

Yungkiung Yen’s Contribution to the Spread of Modern Western Learning

Sun Xiaolei

Abstract:Yungkiung Yen was the first Chinese who independently disseminates knowledge and terminology of Western logic in modern China.He was actively committed to spreading Western learning to China, and his independence was embodied in his two translated works, namelyYiyeyaolanandPsychology.Yungkiung Yen initiated the creation of Chinese psychological terms.For the first time, he classified natural science and social science under the category of “science”.He made a great contribution to the generation of many important Western vocabularies such as “society” in the Chinese context.His translations were widely spread and influential.

Key words:Yungkiung Yen,Yiyeyaolan,Psychology, Western communication

Chu Hsi’s Family Rituals in Japan Edo Period

Peng Weimin

Abstract：After getting rid of the shackles of Buddhist funeral rites, the intellectuals in Edo period established their views of death and life on the daily practice of Zhuzi’sJiali, literally meaning family rites, which was an important subject of Zhuzixue in Japanese society.In order to make the Confucian life ceremony further localization, the intellectuals transformed the “family rites” thought by means of “Tian Li” “Dao Tong” and “Shui Tu”.The “Tian Li” ensured the integration between the labels and human relations; “Dao Tong” demonstrated the legality of the ritual system; “Shui Tu” strengthened the self-identity of “family rites” thought in the Japanese society.

Key words：Edo period, Zhuzixue,Chu Hsi’sFamily Rituals,“Tian Li”, “Dao Tong”, “Shui Tu”

Edouard Chavannes’s Criticism of the Compilation of Early Chinese History in His Les Memoires historiques de Se-ma-Ts’lne

Lu Mengya & Yang Wenwen

Abstract：French Sinologist Édouard Chavannes refuted the viewpoint of “Chinese civilization coming from the West”, He also examined the relevant ancient books in the process of translation ofShi Ji, and supplemented it with evidence from the minority literature surrounding China to study the history of “Mu Wang’s journey to the west”.He pointed out thatthe early history of Chinese writing had the characteristics of combining historical facts with oral tradition.Chavannes’s views of Chinese ancient history not only strongly refuted the “Western” faction,but also embodied the criticism of China’s early history compilation.His research had great significance both in the history of sinology and in the history of Sino-West academic exchanges.

Key words：Édouard Chavannes,Shi ji, early Chinese history writing, “Mu Wang’s journey to the west”,oral tradition, the School of Discrimination of Ancient History

Evaluating the Translatability of Chinese Classical Poetry from The Poetry of Du Fu Translated by Stephen Owen

Niu Qian

Abstract：The complete work of the English version ofThe Poetry of Du Futranslated by Stephen Owen is regarded as a milestone in translation of Chinese classical literature.This paper points out that the main contributions of the work include three aspects.It established the model of translation and introduction of complete works of Chinese classical poetry; the complete picture of the poems by Du Fu is presented to the English world for the first time in academic and rigorous translation; explores the use of narrative strategies to translate Du Fu’s poems.This paper analyzes the characteristics of the work, points out the principles of translation and holds the view that it reflects the problem of translation of Chinese classical poetry, which is conducive to the readers’understanding of the translation and the English version ofThe Poetry of Du Fu.

Key words：Stephen Owen, poems written by Du Fu, translatability, narration, translation strategies

The Narratives of New Period Literature in Chinese Literature History Compiled by Japanese Scholars

Sun Ruosheng

Abstract：In addition to its teaching function, the history of foreign literary also plays a role in constructing the cultural image of the target country in its own context.This paper analyzes two works of Chinese literature history written by Japanese Scholars, which were widely used in universities in Japan.These two books provided us with the perspective of sinologists’ insight of Chinese contemporary literature and the writing experience of Chinese literature history.

Key words：Japanese sinology, the history of Chinese Literature, Fujii Shozo, Cyugoku Bungei Kenkyu-kai,Hagino Syuji

The Proofreading Value of Renzhonghua’s Ryukyu Manuscript in Japan to Xiaohuaxuan Version—Taking Fengliupei as an Example

Fan Changxi

Abstract：Ryukyu manuscriptRenzhonghuahas great value for the Xiaohuaxuan version.These significance is mainly reflected in three aspects: correction, filling the missing parts, and acceptingthe differences.It infers that the poetry content in Ryukyu manuscript can be directly used as the collation of Xiaohuaxuan version.The rewriting rules of narrative statements and character dialogues can also be used for collation after comparison.Some users’ notes retained in the Ryukyu script can also be used to collate Xiaohuaxuan version.

Key words：Renzhonghua, Ryukyu manuscript, Xiaohuaxuan version, collation

A Restricted View on English Presentation of Water Margin in Chinese Literary Textbooks

Wang Wenqiang & Yang Yongbiao

Abstract：Since the first introduction ofWater Margin (ShuihuZhuan)inA History of Chinese Literatureby Herbert Allen Giles’in 1901, this Chinese classic novel has been the focus of the anthology of Chinese literature history written in English in different periods.The emergence of these anthologies of literary history is closely related to the international sinology environment they were in at that time.The introduction and comments onWater Marginhave experienced a simple generalization of the content, and gradually developed into a systematic professional mature process.

Key words：English educational circle, Chinese literary textbooks,Water Margin

Translating Strategies of Religious Terms in Armel Guerne’s French Version of The Dream of the Red Chamber

Zhang Can

Abstract：The Dream of the Red Chambergives a comprehensive description of China’s religious culture,including a large number of religious terms which reflect the psychological qualities and spiritual features of the Chinese nation.In the process of translating the book, translation of religious terms, to a great extent, decides the success or failure of the translation.In the French world, Armel Guerne’s version, coming out in the fifties and sixties of 20th century, is the first relatively complete translation, which is well-received for its emphasis on the religious factors of the original work.This article, drawing on Eugene Nida’s principle of equivalence, explores the translation strategies of religious terms in Guerne’s version and their pros and cons so as to gain beneficial inspiration for the translation of China’s classical literature and traditional culture.

Key words：A Dream in Red Mansions, Guerne’s French version, religious terms, principle of equivalence

A Survey of the English Translations of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms (1820—1938)：Historical Proofs and Theoretical Reflections

Zheng Jinhuai

Abstract：From 1820 to 1938, the spread ofThe Romance of theThree Kingdomsin the English world went through three stages, i.e., the beginning stage (before the Opium War), the expansion stage (during the late Qing dynasty) and the low-tide stage (during the early period of the Republic of China).This has implications for the promotion of Chinese culture “going global” strategy, that is, we should build a diversified and high-level translation team, adopt a variety of translation strategies, and present various aspects of Chinese culture to foreign readers through various media.

Key words：Three Kingdoms, English translation of Chinese Classical, study of translation history, practical enlightment

A Study on Relazione dell’Entrata del P.Ricci nella Corte di Pachino 1600, an Inedited Document by Matteo Ricci

Song Liming

Abstract：This paper studies onRelazione dell’Entrata del P.Ricci nella Corte di Pachino 1600,an important document preserved in the ARSI, whose authorship has not been identified.This paper attempts to prove that the author of this document is just Matteo Ricci himself.Although it is not Matteo Ricci’s manuscript, this is an adoption of a letter written by Matteo Ricci.This paper, for the first time, transcribes the manuscript and translates it into Chinese with annotation, then evaluates its significance for a reconstruction of Matteo Ricci’s entry into Beijing in 1600.

Key words：Matteo Ricci,Relazione dell’Entrata del P.Ricci nella Corte di Pachino 1600, a report, a letter

The Pioneering Work in the Spread of Confucianism to the West： Primary Studies on Sapientia Sinica

Luo Ying

Abstract：As the first published Sino-Latin full translation ofDaxue,Sapientia Sinica(Kiencham,1662) has been neglected for a long time due to the scarcity of printed copies.Actually, as pioneering work in the spread of Confucianism to the West, it presented a series of translating techniques skillfully used by the Jesuits in China from the 16th to 18th century.Based on the version description and study of the text, this paper offers a new perspective on the Jesuits’ contributions to the printing of bilingual translations, and analyzes their translation characteristics, such as translating Confucian concepts according to its situational contexts, annotating Confucian classics with history works and Western classics, translating Chinese cultural images with corresponding Western cultural images etc., in order to provide historical reference for the current translations of Chinese classics.

Key words：Sapientia Sinica,Jesuits, spread of Confucianism to the West, bilingual engraving technology

A Study on the Manuscripts of Dutch-English-Chinese Dictionary

Zhu Feng

Abstract：Taking a manuscript ofDutch-English-Chinese Dictionarywhich was popular among Japanese literati in the mid-19th century, as the reference material during the 19thCentury, this paper investigates the author of the manuscript, the master copy and the contribution of foreign language learning for Japanese.It finds that this manuscript was edited by a Japanese-Dutch translator, Gonnosuke Yoshio, and this edition, especially the Chinese part was based on Robert Morrison’s Dictionary and his other works.Therefore, we can conclude that Mandarin Chinese played an important intermediary role for Japanese in learning other foreign languages.After nearly two thousand years of integration and inheritance of Chinese culture, Chinese characters and cultures have become an integral part of Japanese culture.This paper also demonstrates the function and influence of Chinese culture during Japanese’s modernization.

Key words：Dutch-English-Chinese Dictionary, Gonnosuke Yoshio, Robert Morrison, Chinese words,culture exchange

On the Annotations Written by Liu Ning on Shuowen Changjian in the BnF Collections

Wang Yucheng

Abstract：There are numerous annotations written by Liu Ning onShuowen Changjiancollected in the BnF.The contents of these annotations generally include seven aspects: overall evaluation, studies on “Liu Shu”, style description, supplementary materials, supplementary explanations, notes, and revisions.It not only reflects Liu Ning’s achievements in the field of philology, especially the study of “Liu Shu”, but also helps us to understand the success and failure ofShuowen Changjian.This commentary was circulated in France through Joseph de Prémare.

Key words：Bibliothèque nationale de France,Shuowen Changjian, Liu Ning, annotation